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توضح هذه المصادر ظهور الآلهة البطلمية في مصر نتيجة لجهود الملك بطليموس الأول لدمج العقائد الدينية المصرية واليونانية، بهدف إنشاء ديانة موحدة. وتركز على الثالوث الرئيسي المكون من سيرابيس، الذي استمد سماته من زيوس وآمون، وإيزيس التي حافظت على جوهرها المصري وانتشرت عبادتها عالمياً، وحربوقراط، وهو تمثيل للطفل حورس. كما تبين المصادر أماكن انتشار هذه العبادات، خاصة في المراكز اليونانية، وتشير إلى أن معظم المصريين حافظوا على عقائدهم القديمة. وتنتهي هذه الديانات بانتشار المسيحية وهدم تماثيل ومعابد الآلهة البطلمية في القرن الرابع الميلادي.

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Transcript
00:00Welcome to a new exploration of our resources.
00:03Today we dive into a historical period.
00:05It's full of interactions, honestly.
00:08The Ptolemaic period in Egypt and the emergence of new gods
00:12The sources we have show us an attempt.
00:15We can say she is very ambitious and intentional.
00:17To combine the beliefs of ancient Egypt and Greek beliefs
00:21Our goal is to understand how and why the early Ptolemaic rulers
00:25They tried to create this hybrid religion.
00:27What happened in the end?
00:29Exactly like that
00:30It started with Ptolemy I
00:32He is the one who started this idea.
00:34The idea was more political than anything else.
00:37It unites the Egyptians and the Greeks.
00:40Under one religion, the ruling is easy
00:42Especially in the new capital, Alexandria
00:44But of course the subject was not easy
00:46I mean, there were strong Egyptian priests who were very attached to the old.
00:50Here comes the role of the new trinity
00:53They seem to be specially designed.
00:55Serapis, Isis, and the Cow War
00:59It starts with Serapis, which was supposed to be the star.
01:02correct
01:03Serapis was a clear and powerful example of the idea of integration.
01:06His spiritual power is taken from the Egyptian Osiris and Apis.
01:11At the same time, it looks like
01:12Its shape and external appearance
01:15This is taken from Zeus, the greatest of the Greek gods.
01:18Even Hades, their god of the underworld.
01:20Oh, that means a clear mix.
01:22Yes, they were filming a man who looked intimidating.
01:25With a beard and heavy hair
01:27He was wearing Greek clothing and had something like a basket on his head.
01:30or the small jar
01:32They call it Modes
01:33This is a symbol of goodness and abundance.
01:35Sometimes, not always
01:36He was with you, a stranger like a dog
01:39I wet my heads
01:40Like Kyrberus of Greece
01:42Or Egyptian Saluki dogs
01:43It's actually a very clear mix.
01:46In form and in symbolism as well
01:48Okay, is this his worship?
01:49Did you have sex and spread out as they wanted?
01:53Look, it spread, of course, in places where there were many Greeks.
01:56Like Alexandria and Nakratis in Egypt
01:59It had important temples such as the famous Serapeum.
02:02And there were also areas of Greek influence outside Egypt, such as Cyrene in Libya.
02:06And the islands of Rhodes, Sicily and even southern Italy
02:09But inside Egypt itself, if we were far from the big cities and Greek communities
02:14Its spread was very limited among ordinary Egyptians.
02:17This is really weird
02:18Okay, let's go to Eisenze, it has an ancient and authentic Egyptian feel.
02:23What changed in this Ptolemaic version?
02:26Ezenz here has a slightly different story.
02:28She preferred to stay tied to her origin.
02:30It means that it is the same as East Egypt
02:33Times of Osiris and mother of Horus
02:35But the way it was depicted was influenced by the Hellenistic style.
02:40She started to look like a beautiful lady.
02:42Greek costume
02:44But it retains important Egyptian symbols.
02:47Like her famous crown
02:49Or cow horns and sun disc
02:51Sometimes she would carry a jug of water or bowls.
02:54What is this Egyptian rattle?
02:56What is even more interesting is the issue of its spread.
02:59As if it spread more than Seraphim himself?
03:02Exactly
03:02This is one of the things that really catches the eye.
03:05The worship of Isis extended beyond the borders of Egypt.
03:07It spread in a terrible way
03:09In the entire Mediterranean basin
03:12And reached the heart of Europe with the Romans
03:14The Romans loved her very much and were very attached to her.
03:17Why do you think so? What is the reason?
03:19Maybe because she represented motherhood, protection, and the magic that heals him.
03:24These are global things
03:26All people respond to it
03:28In addition, of course, to the fact that these are ancient Egyptian islands.
03:31She had an aura of mystery and power.
03:34Take care
03:35Oh really
03:36It has a special appeal.
03:37Okay, from mother Isis, we go to son Horebaqrat.
03:41Was this also a modified advice from an Egyptian god?
03:44yeah
03:44He is originally the Egyptian child of Horus
03:46Which is Horebgerd?
03:48In ancient Egypt it was a symbol of childhood.
03:51A child puts his finger on his mouth
03:53A sign that he is still a child
03:54And innocent
03:55He was often naked.
03:57And wearing the side braid of the child kings
04:00Okay
04:01The Greeks and Romans took this exact same form.
04:04But what happened is that they misunderstood this finger movement.
04:07How did they get it wrong?
04:09Instead of understanding it as a symbol of childhood and innocence
04:11They interpreted it as a call for silence.
04:14For silence
04:15For confidentiality
04:16So he remained with them the god of silence and secrets
04:19Oh my
04:20Trying to be strange is very strong in this meaning
04:22How did it spread?
04:24Spread almost like Serapis
04:26An Egyptian was present in Alexandria and Necrates
04:29And Egyptian land was present in North Africa
04:31Cyrene and Carthage
04:33Fescalia and Southern Italy
04:35It was part of the salooz
04:37But his popularity was still much less than that of Isis, of course.
04:40The general picture remains that this experience
04:43Ah, the gods created a form that is both artistically and religiously interesting.
04:46But its real impact was in uniting the Egyptians and Greeks.
04:50It was limited and strong.
04:52Exactly like that
04:53Most Egyptians preferred to cling to their ordinary gods.
04:56Costume of Amun, Ra, Osiris, Horus and Isis
04:59In their original old form
05:01These heroic cults remained more closely associated with Greek societies.
05:06And large urban centers like Multaqa
05:08The end was certainly inevitable with the great religious changes that took place.
05:13Just as Christianity rose and spread strongly in Egypt
05:17This started approximately in the third century AD.
05:19These acts of worship began to decline and disappear.
05:22The final blow came in 391 AD.
05:26When decrees were issued prohibiting pagan worship
05:29The violent events were described by sources as a Christian revolution.
05:34I led to the destruction of the Serapeum temple in Alexandria
05:37And the representation of the three
05:39What news
05:40Their temples were either completely destroyed or turned into synagogues.
05:44And with it, of course, a very large part of art and heritage was lost.
05:47Who was associated with this religion
05:49And with the religious identity of Alexandria at this time
05:51The summary of these sources shows us a political attempt.
05:55We can boldly say that they use religion as a tool for cultural integration.
05:59It resulted in truly unique artistic and religious forms.
06:03But experience ultimately proves that the deep roots of popular religions
06:07And also the rise of new powerful religions such as Christianity.
06:11It is the one that can determine the fate of even the religions that the state itself sponsors.
06:15It always reminds us of the relationship between power, religion and culture.
06:19This is complicated
06:21We see how religious ideas can be formed, changed and spread.
06:25And sometimes it disappears completely
06:27All of this is a response to changing historical, political and social circumstances
06:32The life cycle of religions is truly full of lessons.
06:35A question we can conclude with and leave for thought
06:38Is this an experiment of deliberate religious integration in the Ptolemaic era?
06:42With its success and failure, this part
06:44Did you leave any indirect fingerprint?
06:47Or did you form a certain model?
06:49Whether positive or negative
06:50For any further attempts after this
06:53To reconcile different cultures and religions
06:55In the region or even in the world
06:57This is a point that is really worth considering.
06:59Translated by Nancy Qanqar
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