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00:00:00Today, I am going to fix your English mistakes.
00:00:0435 of the most common mistakes that I see English learners make time and time again.
00:00:12And here's the interesting thing. Lots of these mistakes are made by proficient and native English
00:00:19speakers. You need to stop saying married with and I'll explain why. I don't want to hear you say
00:00:26how is it called? And I certainly do not want to hear you say I know where is. We'll go
00:00:34through
00:00:34all of this in detail with lots of quizzes. 35 mistakes in total. I'm sure at the very least
00:00:42you are making a handful of these mistakes, if not a fair few. Now, to help you even further,
00:00:49I've put together an ebook that you can download for free right now. It's called 35 common mistakes
00:00:59English learners make. We go through all 35 topics with more information, quizzes and extra insights
00:01:08that I simply can't fit into this video today. It's already going to be a very long lesson,
00:01:14but worth your time. To download the ebook, just click the link in the description box
00:01:18or scan that QR code there. I'll send it to your email.
00:01:22The first mistake. I think yes. I hear my students say this all the time and I know that this
00:01:31is often
00:01:31a direct translation from other languages, but it's just not right in English. We will understand you
00:01:39when you say it, but it's technically not correct. We usually say, I think so. For example,
00:01:48is Catherine coming today? I think so. You can also say, yes, I think she is, or I think she
00:01:56is,
00:01:57yes. You can even just say yes on its own, but not I think yes. Erase that phrase from the
00:02:05English
00:02:05speaking part of your brain. And an extra note, we don't say I think no in English either. I wonder
00:02:12if you know what we do say. We usually say, I don't think so. Does Mark eat meat? I don't
00:02:19think so.
00:02:20You could also say, no, I don't think he does, or I don't think he does. No, or even no
00:02:26on its own.
00:02:27Okay, common mistake number two. Do you ever say, how is it called? Again, this is a direct
00:02:36translation from many other languages, but we shouldn't say it in English. We will understand
00:02:42you, but it's not correct. We also don't say, how do you call it? Do you know which question word
00:02:50we use instead of how? It's what. What is it called? What do you call it? We use what in
00:02:59questions to ask for specific information about something or somebody. What's that called? What
00:03:06is it called when you wake up but can't move your body for a short time? Sleep paralysis would be
00:03:13the
00:03:13answer, I guess. We have a fantastic word with what? Whatchamacallit. It's in the dictionary.
00:03:20We use this word when we can't think of the name of something or even someone. I need a
00:03:27whatchamacallit, a whisk. Remember it's whatchamacallit, not howdiamacallit. Now remember
00:03:34when asking about someone or something's name, we also use what. What's she called? What's your dog
00:03:41called? Okay, next up. Mistake number three. I'm married with Will. This is incorrect. And no,
00:03:50marrying Will was not the mistake. The preposition with is incorrect. We don't say with in this
00:03:57sentence. What should it be instead? It should be to. I'm married to Will. No mistakes there. To
00:04:04identify our husband or wife, we use the structure married to. He's been married to Alice for
00:04:1150 years. She got married to her long-term partner last week. Now, I often hear a common
00:04:18pronunciation mistake with married. Lots of my students try to use three syllables. They say
00:04:24married, but it's married with two. We can also say we're married to something figuratively. This means
00:04:32someone is extremely committed to something and so involved with it that they don't have time for
00:04:38anything else. For example, Ellie is married to her job. She works all the time. However, you might have
00:04:46heard married with used in a correct way before. You will see married with children as a phrase.
00:04:55This means a person is married and has children. Think of it as married with children. Ken is married
00:05:04with three children. He's married to someone and he has three children. It's very important not to mix
00:05:11up married to and married with in this case. I'm sure you can understand. Okay, common mistake number four
00:05:18is in these sentences. I wonder if you can spot it. She explained me the rules. Can you explain him
00:05:26how this
00:05:27works? So explain me or explain him is not right. Explain is not generally followed directly by a
00:05:37person, whether that's an object pronoun like me or him or a noun referring to a person. It is not
00:05:44she explained John the rules or he explains people the history of the building. Let's correct it together.
00:05:52You can explain something. So explain can be followed by a noun that is not a person.
00:05:59She explained the rules. Pete explains difficult concepts clearly. We can use adjectives before
00:06:08the noun like in difficult concepts. If you want to mention a person, you can explain to somebody. It's
00:06:17hard to explain to people who aren't in the industry. Now often there's a noun after explain. For example,
00:06:24she explained the situation to us. Or will you explain it to me? It is an object pronoun, but it
00:06:34refers to a
00:06:35thing, not a person. Now explain can be intransitive, meaning it doesn't always require an object. For example,
00:06:42please let me explain, not let me explain you. We follow explain with a clause beginning with the
00:06:49words how, who, where, what, when or why. For example, the boss explained who each person is
00:06:57and what they do. Or please explain why you haven't finished yet. We also have the structure explain to
00:07:05somebody what, who, how and so on. For example, Ian explained to us what he was doing. And we can
00:07:14use
00:07:14explain plus the that clause. He explained that he hadn't been feeling well. So stop saying, please
00:07:23explain me and choose one of the many other structures we can use instead. Okay, we have reached common
00:07:29mistake number five. Can you spot it in this sentence? I don't know. Where is Diego? So the
00:07:38problem here is with the word order. It should be, I don't know where Diego is. Most of my students
00:07:47see
00:07:48where or another similar WH question word and immediately switch the subject verb order of the
00:07:56words after it from a statement to a question. For example, where is Diego? It's correct. But with
00:08:04I don't know at the beginning, the sentence becomes an indirect or embedded question. And we should have
00:08:12a statement word order. Subject plus verb. I don't know where Diego is. Here are a couple more examples of
00:08:21indirect questions. I don't know who she was. Or I wonder who's coming. We don't use a question mark
00:08:30when the introductory phrase has a subject verb word order. This is the case with I don't know and
00:08:36I wonder. We can also use introductory phrases like do you know or could you tell me to create
00:08:42indirect questions. We use a question mark because the introductory phrases have a question word order,
00:08:49verb plus subject. For example, do you know where Helena is? Where Helena is, not where is Helena.
00:08:58Could you tell me what time it is? What time it is, not what time is it. Okay, those are
00:09:06the five mistakes.
00:09:07Now it's time for a quiz. If you get five out of five on this, it's exceptional. You've really been
00:09:13paying attention because some of these concepts are really quite tricky. Question number one, complete the gap.
00:09:19Ethan is married. Joanne. Is it with or to?
00:09:29It's two. We say you are married to someone. We only use married with to talk about a married
00:09:35person who has children. Two, is this sentence grammatically correct? Can you explain the plot
00:09:41of the film to me? Yes, it is. Explain can be followed directly by a noun, not a person, and
00:09:53then to
00:09:53somebody. Remember, we can't say explain me the plot. Number three, correct the mistake. Is it going to
00:10:00rain today? I think yes. So, I think so is probably the most common option, but you could also say,
00:10:13I think it is. Or even just yes. Number four, correct the mistake. We don't know who is Beth.
00:10:28It should be. We don't know who Beth is. After we don't know, we use a subject verb order in
00:10:36the
00:10:36next clause. Okay, the final one. Complete the gap. Is that thing called?
00:10:47It's what. What's that thing called? Remember, we use what, not how in questions to ask for specific
00:10:56information about something or somebody, including for names. And do you remember that really cool
00:11:02word I taught you? Watch him or call it. First, can you spot two mistakes in this sentence? It depend
00:11:12of the weather. It depend of the weather. Two mistakes to identify here. Well, firstly, it should be
00:11:22it depends with an S on the end. Depends. Remember, with he, she, and it, we usually add S to
00:11:33the verb.
00:11:34The second mistake, the preposition of is also incorrect. Which preposition should it be?
00:11:43It should be on. It depends on. Now, I strongly recommend learning this phrase
00:11:52together as a chunk. Learn all three words together. It depends on. It depends on the weather.
00:12:00Make sure you use the voiced Z sound. Z on. It depends on. This phrase can be followed by a
00:12:08noun,
00:12:09like weather, or a clause, starting with a word like how, who, or where. For example,
00:12:18it depends on who is coming. In informal English, it's common to drop on before WH words. For example,
00:12:28it depends where you're going. In formal English, you should always use on or upon. That's another
00:12:37option, though it's less common and more formal. It depends upon how much funding the project receives.
00:12:45In answers to questions, we can simply say, it depends, or even just depends,
00:12:53in casual conversation, missing the subject altogether. Are you coming tonight? It depends.
00:13:02It depends. I'll see how I feel. Or, hmm, depends. I'm pretty tired. Okay, next. Mistake number two.
00:13:11Let's look at fun versus funny. My students tend to use funny when they actually mean fun. Which of these
00:13:23sentences is more likely? My holiday in Greece was really funny and I didn't want it to end.
00:13:32Or, we watched a comedy show yesterday. It was really funny. The second one is more likely.
00:13:41Funny means making you laugh like a comedy show. The first is possible. You could have a really
00:13:48funny holiday. Maybe you laughed the whole way through. But the second is more likely.
00:13:54Another example, Stephen's so funny. He's always making us laugh. Now, in informal English,
00:14:03fun is used as an adjective to describe something that you enjoy. So, you could say,
00:14:08my holiday in Greece was really fun. Fun is more often used as an uncountable noun,
00:14:14fun. Meaning that something or someone is entertaining or enjoyable. You might say,
00:14:20my holiday in Greece was so much fun. Or, we had great fun together at the fair. You'll often hear,
00:14:30have fun. But we never say, have funny. Okay? Have fun means enjoy yourself.
00:14:38Are you ready for common mistake number three? It's a question I often hear my students ask.
00:14:44Are you fine? Is it incorrect? Well, grammatically, it's okay. But it's not something British English
00:14:54speakers tend to say when asking how someone is or how they feel. In other varieties of English,
00:15:01it might be more common. So, listen out for it. But in British English, what do we say instead?
00:15:09We usually just say, how are you? How are you doing? Or how is it going? People often say,
00:15:18are you fine? Because the common answer to how are you is, I'm fine, thanks. But we only tend to
00:15:27use
00:15:28fine in positive answers rather than questions. Here's a correct example. How's your wrist? I heard
00:15:35you sprained it. It's fine now, thanks. Another similar common mistake is, I hope you're fine.
00:15:43So, I see that a lot in emails. People usually want to say, I hope you're well. As in, hi
00:15:50Lucy,
00:15:50I hope you're well. I'm writing to say blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. It's also correct to say,
00:15:57are you okay? If you're asking if someone is feeling okay or you're worried that they don't
00:16:02feel okay, are you fine is just not something we tend to say. Number four, can you correct this
00:16:09super common mistake? You have to listen your teacher. Listen to, you have to listen to your
00:16:20teacher. We listen to somebody or something. We can't just listen somebody. An example,
00:16:26I love listening to podcasts while I'm exercising. Or, sorry, I wasn't listening to you. Not listening
00:16:35music or listen you. I can't tell someone to listen me. Listen to me. Now, I understand where the
00:16:42confusion comes from. We do hear something or hear someone. We don't use to there. For example,
00:16:51I can't hear you. Or, can you hear the birdsong? So, we hear something or someone, but we listen
00:17:00to something or someone. Now, our final mistake is to do with confusing the verbs to lose, to miss,
00:17:10and to waste. First, a note on pronunciation. It's lose with a long ooh sound and a voiced
00:17:22at the end, not loose. Loose, meaning not tight, is spelt with two o's. Lose, with the z at the
00:17:32end,
00:17:32is spelt with one o. Okay, now I want you to use each of these verbs, lose, miss, and waste,
00:17:41to complete the gaps. Once each. Okay? One, I can't believe we... our flight yesterday. Two,
00:17:53we were late because we... a lot of time scraping ice off the car. And three, every day she... so
00:18:07much time
00:18:08scrolling on social media. Oh, I can relate to that. The first one should be... missed. The second...
00:18:18lost. And the third should be... wastes. Let's look at lose and miss as a pair first.
00:18:27So many of my students tell me that they lost their flight, when they mean the flight took off,
00:18:34or left without them. To say you lose your flight is a mistake. We use miss when we arrive too
00:18:41late
00:18:42for something, or we are too late for something. We miss trains, planes, and buses. We miss the start
00:18:49of films, and we miss deadlines, and all kinds of other things. Some examples. We miss the beginning
00:18:57of the film because we missed the bus. Now, lose just isn't used with this meaning. But lose time
00:19:05and waste time can both be correct. And if you look in learner's dictionaries, you will often see waste
00:19:13defined as lose and vice versa. There is a lot of crossover, but sometimes one is more appropriate
00:19:21than the other. I'm going to do this part as a voiceover so you can see these verbs side by
00:19:27side.
00:19:27Here is something I hear a lot. She loses a lot of time on social media. What they really mean
00:19:36is she wastes time. If you waste time, you use your time badly. There's a sense that you are in
00:19:44control
00:19:44of how you spend your time and you choose to do something unproductive. Another example, don't waste
00:19:51time arguing with him. He's already made up his mind. Don't spend your time doing something unproductive.
00:19:59We'll look at our example sentence with lose again. We were late because we lost a lot of time
00:20:06scraping ice off the car. Were they using their time badly when they were scraping ice off their car?
00:20:12No, it was a productive thing to do. You can't see if your car is covered in ice. If you
00:20:19lose time,
00:20:20time is taken away from you, perhaps because of delays, problems or accidents. The situation is often
00:20:28out of your control. Here's another example. We lost time when the computer system crashed
00:20:35and had to be restarted. Let's see a couple of pairs of sentences to cement the difference.
00:20:41They lost time during the meeting because the video link kept cutting out. This was out of their
00:20:49control. They wasted time discussing things that weren't on the agenda. This was within someone's
00:20:57control. And another, we lost half an hour during the flight due to turbulence. No one's fault.
00:21:04The passengers wasted 10 minutes complaining instead of trying to rebook their missed flight.
00:21:11That was the passengers' decision. Okay, let's switch back to the video again.
00:21:16So those were the five common mistakes. Let's see how much you remember with a quiz. Some of these
00:21:24sentences contain a mistake. If they do, correct it. Number one. I arrived late and lost my train.
00:21:38This is incorrect. It should be, I missed my train. If we arrive too late, we miss something.
00:21:44Two. It's so fun to try new recipes together every weekend.
00:21:55No mistake. It's so fun is fine. But not it's so funny, unless it's really hilarious. It doesn't
00:22:02really work with the context here. Remember, we often use fun as a noun. So how might you change the
00:22:08sentence to do that? You could say, it's so much fun or it's great fun.
00:22:15Number three. What time will you arrive?
00:22:18Number five. It depend of the traffic.
00:22:26So two mistakes here. It should be, it depends on. That's the right verb agreement and the correct
00:22:34preposition. Four. I'm listening to Taylor Swift's new album.
00:22:44Incorrect. Listening to her new album. We always listen to something or someone.
00:22:51And five. We lost 20 minutes changing a tire when we got a flat.
00:23:02This one's fine. You lose time when doing something useful, like changing a tire.
00:23:08Something that was out of your control. You had to change that tire.
00:23:12That definitely wouldn't be a waste of time, unless there's nothing wrong with the original tire.
00:23:17Number one. Can you spot the mistake in this sentence? It's a two hours drive.
00:23:31So that was sneaky of me because there are actually two mistakes. One is a basic mistake
00:23:40and the other is a more advanced mistake. Let's see if you can identify both.
00:23:46So two hours describes the drive. It's an adjective.
00:23:51Do we pluralise adjectives in English? One red apple. Two reds apples. No, we don't. We do not pluralise
00:24:06adjectives in English. So we need to remove the S. Now, I understand that the number two or anything
00:24:15higher than two tricks your brain into adding an S. But stop. Resist the urge. Also, the second mistake
00:24:26is that we should have a hyphen, a little dash between two and hour. It's a two hour drive.
00:24:35So here are some similar mistakes my students have made in the past. That's a five minutes walk away.
00:24:47Incorrect. That's a five minute with the hyphen walk away. Let me show you another and you have a
00:24:56go at correcting it first. Then I'll tell you the answer. We had a three weeks holiday in Spain.
00:25:04Lucky them, but it's not quite right. It should be a three week holiday in Spain with a hyphen.
00:25:13That sounds like my idea of heaven. Shall we try another? I've got a 50 pounds note. Again, lucky them.
00:25:23I hardly ever see one of those. But it should be a 50 pound note. So remember, we don't pluralise
00:25:32an
00:25:32adjective when we describe things like duration, distance or amount, no matter how high the number
00:25:40goes. Let's move on to mistake number two, which is correct. Kyle enjoyed the holiday in spite of the
00:25:49rainy weather or Kyle enjoyed the holiday despite of the rainy weather. Which one do you think?
00:26:03It is the first one. The first one is correct. It is in spite of or just despite with no
00:26:15of. So it should be
00:26:18despite the rainy weather. And notice that it's pronounced despite with the stress on the second
00:26:27syllable. Not despite. Despite. Now these expressions are used to say that something surprising
00:26:37happens or something surprising is true. In spite of is slightly more informal than despite. Another
00:26:46example. Despite being afraid of heights, Ravi still went skydiving. With in spite of it would be
00:26:56in spite of being afraid of heights. If you would like to learn some patterns we use after despite and
00:27:04in
00:27:05spite of, I've included them in the PDF. Click on the link in the description box to download it for
00:27:11free.
00:27:12Or if you like a QR code, scan that there. Another very common mistake I see is people writing
00:27:20in spite. In spite. All as one word. It is in, space, spite, space, of. Three separate words. Despite,
00:27:30appears alone, just one word. Okay, I hope that's clear for you. Let's move on to our third common mistake.
00:27:48So the mistake is using say me. We don't say somebody something. But how could we correct that sentence?
00:28:00Well, we could remove me. She said she was tired. Or we could change said to told and keep me.
00:28:14She told me she was tired. So we tend to say something, but tell somebody something.
00:28:26Now, I think you can correct this sentence. Have a go. He didn't say me where he was going.
00:28:35Okay, two options here. You could have, he didn't say where he was going.
00:28:41Or he didn't tell me where he was going. But what if we want to use a person with say?
00:28:51Like here.
00:28:52We said goodbye everyone before we left. What would we put in that gap? We would put to.
00:29:02We said goodbye to everyone before we left. We say something to somebody.
00:29:09What did you just say to me, for example? So some of the most common structures are
00:29:16say something, say who, what, where, and so on. And say something to somebody.
00:29:26I hope that's nice and clear. We'll have lots more to practice with in the PDF.
00:29:31Okay, number four. Win versus earn. So many of my students confuse these words,
00:29:41and I totally understand why. It might be because in your first language, there's only one word
00:29:48representing these two words in English. Let's take a look at a sentence. I want you to tell me which
00:29:56word is correct. She wins a good salary or she earns a good salary.
00:30:09She earns a good salary is correct. My students tend to use win too often and seem to forget about
00:30:18earn.
00:30:19So what is the difference? Well, we generally use win when we get something because of luck
00:30:27or in a competition. For example, Heather won Ā£10 on the lottery. Or we won first prize in the baking
00:30:38competition. We use earn when we get money from a job. Heather earns Ā£30,000 a year as a teacher.
00:30:50Or we use it to say we make a profit from a business or investment. The company earned $4 million
00:30:59last year. Win and earn have more closely related meanings too. For example, win can mean to get
00:31:07something you want, particularly because of the effort you put in. You might win somebody's support
00:31:14or you might win a contract in business. Kelly won a lot of support by promising lower taxes.
00:31:23Or we won the contract despite stiff competition. Remember not despite of competition, despite competition.
00:31:33We wouldn't tend to say earn in those sentences. Win collocates more strongly with support
00:31:41and a contract. But to earn can also mean to get something we deserve. Although it sometimes
00:31:49collocates with different nouns. After running 20 kilometres, she definitely earned a rest. Or the
00:31:58team earned the right to play in the final. Now in those sentences, we wouldn't use win. Sometimes we
00:32:05can use win and earn with little or no difference in meaning, particularly with words like trust,
00:32:13respect and reputation. Some examples. He won the respect of his colleagues with his brave speech.
00:32:22Won or earned would be fine there. Or Alex has earned a reputation for being reliable. Alex has won a
00:32:32reputation for being reliable would also be fine there. Alright, let's move on to our final common mistake.
00:32:38Mixing up to meet, to get to know and to know. We will go through each meaning first. Let's start
00:32:46with
00:32:47to meet. To meet means to see or be introduced to someone for the first time. For example, I met
00:32:55my
00:32:56husband at a party. To get to know means to gradually become familiar with someone or something. For example,
00:33:06I got to know him over the next few months. To know means to be familiar with someone or something.
00:33:16I already knew his brother because he was in my class at school. So a common mistake I hear from
00:33:23my
00:33:23students when they're going or have been on holiday is, I met the culture. I knew the culture. We don't
00:33:34meet something in this context. And know is simply the wrong word choice here. As it sounds like you had
00:33:43complete knowledge of the culture. My students usually mean to say this. I got to know the culture. I
00:33:51gradually became more familiar with it. We could say I met lots of new people and got to know the
00:33:59culture. I also hear
00:34:01my students saying things like this. I know him more and more. Here again, we would usually use
00:34:09get to know. I'm getting to know him. I'm getting to know him better. Those are the most natural ways
00:34:16to say that you're becoming more familiar with someone. Okay, those are our five common mistakes.
00:34:22It's now time to check what you've learnt with a quiz. There are five questions in total. I'll give you
00:34:29a few seconds to think, but use the pause button if you need more time. Number one, choose the correct
00:34:35option. John, $40,000 a year working in a bank. Is it wins or earns?
00:34:50It should be earns. Remember when we talk about the money we make at work, we use earn, not win.
00:34:59Okay, question two. Is there a mistake in this sentence? If there is, correct it. Despite of wearing
00:35:07flip-flops, Lucy somehow managed to win the three-legged race. A three-legged race. It's when two
00:35:15people race together, but their inside legs are tied together, making three legs in total. Now, is there a
00:35:22mistake? Yes, there is a mistake. You could correct it in two ways. You could remove of or you could
00:35:34use
00:35:35in spite instead of despite. Remember, we don't use of after despite. Okay, number three, choose the best
00:35:43option. Over time, you'll... Your colleagues better. Is it meet, get to know, or know?
00:35:57The best option here is get to know. And remember, this means become familiar with someone or something
00:36:05gradually over a period of time. Now, you could technically use no here, but it's less natural
00:36:14and it suggests the process is finished. Okay, question four. Is there a mistake in this sentence?
00:36:22If there is, correct it. My school is a 10 minutes drive from here.
00:36:32Yep, there's a mistake. Two mistakes. It should be a 10 minute drive with a hyphen between 10 and minute.
00:36:42Remember, 10 minute is a compound adjective and we don't pluralize adjectives in English. Okay, finally,
00:36:50number five. Do we need something in this gap? She didn't say anything. Me.
00:37:03Yep, we need to. She didn't say anything to me. We say something to someone. Okay, first, can you spot
00:37:13an
00:37:13issue with this sentence? I'm so boring. Well, it's grammatically correct, but it's most likely not
00:37:24what people usually want to say. This is by far one of the most common mistakes I hear from my
00:37:31students.
00:37:32They usually mean, I'm so bored, as in, I feel bored. Not, I'm boring, as in,
00:37:41I make other people feel bored. The mistake here is mixing up ED and ING adjectives. Adjectives that end
00:37:52in ED describe how someone feels. Adjectives that end in ING describe what causes the feeling. So,
00:38:03I'm interested means I feel interested. The film is interesting means that the film is creating
00:38:15interest. It's making me feel interested. A couple more examples. The students were confused by the
00:38:24confusing instructions. Or, we're tired after that tiring journey. Now, we don't usually describe
00:38:32ourselves as confusing or tiring. That wouldn't be very nice. We've got to be kind to ourselves.
00:38:39Okay, mistake number two. Can you correct this sentence?
00:38:44I'll see you on next Monday. Well, it could be, I'll see you on Monday. Or, I'll see you next
00:38:52Monday.
00:38:53But, never on next Monday. You have to choose between on or next. It's easy to see
00:39:00why this mistake happens. You learn that you use on before days. On Monday. On Friday. So,
00:39:09it's logical that you'd make the mistake of saying, on next Monday. I hear the same error with months.
00:39:17I started my new job in last January. It can either be in January or last January, but not in
00:39:26last January.
00:39:26So, here's the rule. We don't tend to use in, on, or at directly before words like next, last, this,
00:39:37and every. These words already position us in time, so we don't need two prepositions doing the same job.
00:39:44Let's do a quick review of on, at, and in while we're here. We use on before days, dates,
00:39:51dates, and special days. The meeting is on Wednesday. Not on next Wednesday. On Wednesday.
00:39:59His birthday is on the 22nd of December. We eat turkey on Christmas day. Not on every Christmas
00:40:08day. On Christmas day. Or every Christmas day. We use at with times, holiday periods,
00:40:16and specific moments. For example, the train leaves at two. Or what do you like doing at Christmas?
00:40:25The whole holiday period, not just one day. Or I woke up at sunrise. Now, in British English,
00:40:33we also say at the weekend. On the weekend is more common in North American English. Finally,
00:40:40we use in for months, years, decades, centuries, seasons, and longer periods. For example,
00:40:50I was born in June. Disco was popular in the seventies. The flowers in the park are beautiful
00:40:57in spring. We also say in the morning, in the afternoon, and in the evening, but at night.
00:41:06I know prepositions like this can be a bit confusing, but don't worry. I have solved that
00:41:11problem for you. In your free copy of my 35 common mistakes ebook, I've clearly organised these
00:41:19prepositions with simple explanations and plenty of extra examples. You can download that now for free
00:41:28by clicking the link in the description box or scanning that QR code there. I truly think you'll love it.
00:41:34We
00:41:34spent a lot of time making it perfect. Okay, common mistake number three. Can you see it in this
00:41:41sentence? We need to discuss about the proposal. It should be, discuss the proposal. We don't use a
00:41:49preposition after discuss. Here, it's followed directly by an object, the proposal. So we can discuss
00:41:57something. For example, let's discuss your ideas. We can discuss what, who, when, and so on.
00:42:07We need to discuss what happened. And we can discuss doing something. We didn't discuss hiring anyone new.
00:42:16Okay, those are some of the most common structures we use, but why do so many of my students say,
00:42:23discuss about? Well, I think there are several reasons. One, it's often a transfer from your
00:42:30first language. Two, we say, talk about and speak about. So discuss about seems logical,
00:42:39but unfortunately it's not correct. And three, we say, have a discussion about. The noun form discussion
00:42:48is followed by about. So for all of those reasons, discuss about is one of the mistakes I hear the
00:42:56most
00:42:57often from my students. Okay, let's look at mistake number four in this sentence. This phone is more
00:43:04better than my old one. So we just need to remove a word again. It's not more better, it's just
00:43:12better.
00:43:12This phone is better than my old one. So what's going on here? Well, we add more to many regular
00:43:20adjectives to form the comparative. Beautiful, more beautiful. Stressful, more stressful. But good is
00:43:30an irregular adjective and the comparative form is better, not more better. Bad is also an irregular
00:43:38adjective. Do you know the comparative form? It's worse. I feel worse today than I did yesterday.
00:43:47And remember, comparatives are often followed by than, usually pronounced with the weak form
00:43:53than. Worse than, better than. Here are two more mistakes I see with comparatives.
00:44:00My brother's more old than me. We're more happier than before. So we should add er to one syllable
00:44:09adjectives and two syllable adjectives that end in y. So it should be older and happier without more.
00:44:18Okay, last mistake now. This is mistake number five. Try to correct this sentence.
00:44:23I hadn't got time to buy him a present yesterday. The issue is with hadn't got. To talk about the
00:44:31past,
00:44:32we use had or didn't have. I didn't have time to buy him a present yesterday.
00:44:38Let's take a closer look. Have got is a present tense form used for possession, relationships,
00:44:45necessity, and so on. In British English, we can often use have or have got interchangeably in the
00:44:53present. Have got is slightly more informal and it's very common, particularly in speech. So we can say,
00:45:00I don't have a pen, or I haven't got a pen, or we have to go, or we've got to
00:45:05go. One more example.
00:45:07Do you have enough money? Have you got enough money?
00:45:11Have got isn't common in North American English. They tend to simply use have. Now to talk about
00:45:17the past, both British and North American speakers use had or didn't have. Never had got, hadn't got,
00:45:27or didn't have got. Some correct examples. I didn't have a pen yesterday. We had to go.
00:45:35Did you have enough money? Okay, those were our five common mistakes.
00:45:39Now it is time to take the quiz. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
00:45:46One, I'm interesting in history. Two, see you on next weekend.
00:45:54Three, let's discuss about what to do. Four, you look more happier today.
00:46:03And five, I hadn't got enough money for a taxi. Pause the video now if you need time to
00:46:09think. Let's go through the answers. Number one should be interested. We use an adjective ending
00:46:21in ED to say how something makes us feel. History makes you feel interested because history is
00:46:29interesting. Two, we don't need on before next. You could say, see you on the weekend, which is common in
00:46:38North American English. In number three, we need to delete about. We don't use a preposition after
00:46:46discuss. Number four should be, you look happier. Happier is the comparative form of happy, not more
00:46:55happier or more happy. And finally, it should be, I didn't have. We can't use have got in past tenses.
00:47:02Can you spot the mistake here? According to me, this is the best solution. Well, we don't tend to say
00:47:11according to me. We use according to when we talk about other people's opinions or when we refer to
00:47:19evidence in official reports or articles. So we could say, according to Marie, this is the best solution.
00:47:28Marie said that. Make sure to use the weak form of to, to, before consonant sounds. According to Marie,
00:47:37according to Marie. Before vowel sounds, English speakers often insert a soft w sound to glide
00:47:44smoothly between to and the next word. According to Oliver, according to Oliver. Now, you don't have to do this,
00:47:54but try it because it might make it easier to say. Here's another example with the soft w sound.
00:48:00According to a recent survey, the British sense of humour is what draws lots of Europeans to UK TV
00:48:07programmes. Let's go back to our first sentence now. If I want to give my own opinion, what phrases can
00:48:14I
00:48:14use instead of according to me? Well, we have I think, in my opinion, or in my view. Those last
00:48:22two are a bit more
00:48:24formal. I really like in my view, in my view. It just sounds good. I think this is the best
00:48:29solution. In my opinion,
00:48:32we need more time. Now, notice that we don't say according to us either because that's still referring to my
00:48:39opinion.
00:48:40So you could say, we think, or in our view. I've put a lot more natural phrases to give your
00:48:46opinion
00:48:46in the ebook that goes with this lesson. So make sure you download that. The link's in the description,
00:48:52or you can scan that QR code there. Okay. Mistake number two. Try to correct this sentence here.
00:48:58We're making a party for Sarah's birthday. So we don't say make a party. Now, I know that in quite
00:49:06a few
00:49:06other languages, make a party or do a party is correct. But those aren't the right collocations
00:49:14in English. Instead, we say have a party or throw a party. We're having or we're throwing a party for
00:49:24Sarah's birthday. Have a party is the most common collocation. We're having a party next Saturday.
00:49:31They had a party to celebrate their anniversary. Throw a party is more informal and we sometimes
00:49:38use it when we organise a party for someone else. A couple of examples. Let's throw a party for her
00:49:45promotion. Or they threw a huge party at their new house. So next time, have a party or throw a
00:49:54party,
00:49:54but don't make a party and don't do a party either. Okay. Number three. I hear my students say this
00:50:01all the time. Where is the mistake here? I'm agree with you. It should just be, I agree with you.
00:50:10Never. I am agree. I also hear my students ask this question. Try to correct it. Are you agree?
00:50:19Do you agree? That should be, do you agree? So what's happening here? Well, many of my students
00:50:27think that agree is an adjective. So they naturally use be before it. But agree is a verb and it's
00:50:36a
00:50:37state verb. So we don't generally use it in continuous tenses either. I agree with you,
00:50:43not I am agreeing with you. Does he agree? Not is he agreeing? Note that you can say
00:50:52in agreement. I am in agreement with the contract. Are we all in agreement with the terms? There's
00:51:02more about this topic in the ebook. We also have some of the structures we can use after agree. Okay.
00:51:09Common mistake number four. Correct this sentence. I'm going to home now. It should be, I'm going home
00:51:17without two. And I totally understand why so many of my students say, to home. You go to school and
00:51:25you go to work. They are correct. Where does she go to school? I'm getting the train to work today.
00:51:32But
00:51:32home is special. With movement verbs like go, come or get, home functions as an adverb. So we don't use
00:51:43a preposition. As a general rule, we don't use prepositions before adverbs. A couple of examples.
00:51:51He came home late. Not he came to home late. He came home late. Or what time did you get
00:51:58home? Not get to
00:52:00home. Get home. We also don't use a preposition when we say make it home or be home. For example,
00:52:09did you make it home okay in the snow? Or we'll be home soon. And notice here that be still
00:52:17carries
00:52:17the idea of movement or travel. Okay, let's move on to the last mistake. This is a tricky one. I
00:52:24wonder
00:52:24if you can spot it here. This is one of the best place I know. It should be, this is
00:52:31one of the best
00:52:32places I know. Places in the plural. And well done if you got that. It's really easy to see why
00:52:39this
00:52:39structure causes confusion. One automatically makes you think you need a singular noun. But when we say
00:52:47one of, one of, one of, it should be followed by a plural because we're referring to one of a
00:52:55group
00:52:56of things. I often hear the mistake with superlatives. It should be one of the superlative plural noun.
00:53:06That was one of the worst flights I've ever experienced. That was one of the worst flights
00:53:16I've ever experienced. Or this is one of the most beautiful views I've ever seen. This is one of the
00:53:26most beautiful views I've ever seen. You can use a comparative instead of superlative. She's one of the
00:53:33better students in the class. You need to remember to use a plural in sentences like this too.
00:53:40That's one of my favourite shops in London. Not shop. One of my favourite shops.
00:53:46Okay, let's do a little quiz to check what you've learnt. I'll give you these five sentences.
00:53:52They all contain mistakes. Try to correct them. I'll read them out, then you can pause to think.
00:53:59One. Are you going to make a party for your birthday?
00:54:03Two. Arabic is one of the hardest language to learn for English speakers.
00:54:10Three. According to us, you handled the problem well.
00:54:15Four. When are you going to home?
00:54:19And five. Are you agree with me?
00:54:22I'll give you five seconds. Pause if you need more time.
00:54:30Okay, number one should be have a party or throw a party. Make a party is not a strong collocation.
00:54:39Two. Should be one of the hardest languages in the plural. Note that I said languages with z, not s,
00:54:47languages. Languages. Remember, it's one of plus plural.
00:54:54Three. We don't say according to us or according to me. There are lots of ways to correct that one.
00:55:00We think or in our opinion or in our view are fine.
00:55:04Number four. When are you going home? Don't use to before home.
00:55:09And five. It should be, do you agree? Agree is a state verb, not an adjective.
00:55:15Can you spot the mistake in this sentence? Probably, I'll go out tonight. Now, we don't usually use
00:55:25probably at the beginning of a sentence. It just doesn't sound natural. But where should it go?
00:55:33Well, some adverbs of certainty, like probably, possibly, certainly, and definitely, usually go
00:55:43directly before the main verb. We call this the mid position. So it should be, I'll probably go out
00:55:51tonight. Go is the main verb. Will is the auxiliary. Now, with the negative contracted form, won't,
00:56:01the order is different. It is incorrect to say, I won't probably go out tonight. Instead, it's,
00:56:10I probably won't go out tonight. I probably won't speak to him again today. Try to learn these chunks.
00:56:20Try to remember them. I'll probably. I probably won't. Now, a note on pronunciation here. It's very
00:56:28important. Probably can be pronounced with three syllables. Probably. But many speakers will reduce
00:56:37it to just two in fast speech. Probably. I'll probably go. Let's see some more examples. I probably
00:56:46need more time. We can't possibly finish decorating the flat in two days. Now, an exception. This is
00:56:55English. We love exceptions. When the main verb is to be, these adverbs usually appear after it. As in,
00:57:04this is probably the best restaurant in the neighbourhood. We can use these adverbs alone
00:57:11in short answers. Are you going out tonight? Yeah, probably. Do you think it'll rain? Possibly.
00:57:19Who knows? Now, take a look at the ebook, the free ebook, to learn about the positions of other adverbs
00:57:26of certainty. You can scan the QR code there, or the link is in the description box. Okay, for our
00:57:33second common mistake, we have another word order problem. Can you spot it here? It's a quite big house.
00:57:43Well, it should be. It's quite a big house. Now, I think I understand why my students make this mistake.
00:57:51I think they copy the position of very. Both of these sentences are correct. It's very big.
00:58:00It's quite big. Very or quite plus adjective. But, and here's the issue, the words behave differently
00:58:10when the adjective comes before a noun. Listen. It's a very big house.
00:58:18It's quite a big house. Quite goes before the article, adjective, and noun. Again, it's a good idea
00:58:27to memorise and repeat chunks. It's quiter. He's quiter. That was quiten, for example. Notice how the
00:58:38sound at the end of quite joins the vowel sound a, quiter, quiten. Now, when you're in conversation
00:58:47and want to add specific details, it should be easier. He's quite a talented musician. That was
00:58:54quite an interesting lecture. Very, really, and pretty all follow a different structure.
00:58:59A plus very, really, or pretty plus adjective plus noun. It's a really good film. She had a pretty
00:59:09unusual name. Okay, let's move on to mistake number three now. We're sticking with word order.
00:59:16Word order is tough, but we're really going to focus on it today. Can you correct this sentence?
00:59:21I ate the three last biscuits. Now, I hear things like this all the time, but it should be,
00:59:31I ate the last three biscuits. That's a tough pronunciation challenge, isn't it? Last three,
00:59:38the t-t and then th-r. Last three biscuits. We would actually elide the t-t sound in last
00:59:47and say
00:59:47last three biscuits to make it a little bit easier. Now, if you say the three last biscuits,
00:59:55there is no communication problem. People will understand what you mean, so don't get stressed
01:00:00about this. But if you can correct all of the word order mistakes we're looking at today,
01:00:05you'll sound more natural and more fluent. I think it's a mistake that's worth correcting
01:00:11nice and early so that you don't have to correct it when you're at C1, C2 level and it's embedded
01:00:18in
01:00:18your brain. Here's a similar mistake I've heard before. The two first chapters are quite slow.
01:00:25Perfectly understandable, but it should be, the first two chapters are quite slow. Why? Well,
01:00:32in English, words like first, last, next and past come before a number. A couple more sentences,
01:00:39I'm booked solid for the next three weeks, not the three next weeks, the next three weeks.
01:00:46Or, she's been to Edinburgh twice in the past six months, not the six past months. We also use this
01:00:54word order with other phrases like the first few or the past several. I only watched the first few
01:01:02minutes, not the few first minutes. Or, it's been sunny for the past several days, not the several past
01:01:10days. Take a look at the ebook to see even more examples and another word that follows this pattern.
01:01:18We're moving away from word order. So, what's wrong with this sentence?
01:01:23I saw everything which happened. Which isn't very natural. And if you think it should be what,
01:01:31I'm afraid that's not right either. The best choice is that. I saw everything that happened.
01:01:37Now, after words like everything, anything, nothing, and all, we tend to use the relative pronoun
01:01:46that to introduce defining relative clauses. These clauses give us essential information.
01:01:53We don't usually use which after those words. For example, is there anything that I can do to help?
01:02:08In speech, we can leave out that if it's the object of the relative clause. For example,
01:02:16is there anything I can do to help? There's nothing we can do now. But we can't do it with
01:02:24they're all matters. That is the subject of the clause. Take a look at the ebook for an exception to
01:02:31this rule. You can scan that QR code there or click the link in the description box. It's free to
01:02:36download. Now, what is not a traditional relative pronoun, so we don't use it to introduce a relative
01:02:43clause. This sentence is considered grammatically incorrect, though you will hear it in some dialects.
01:02:50I saw everything what happened. I recommend using that, unless you're specifically trying to use
01:02:59a dialect that uses what instead of that. Okay, we're on to the final sentence.
01:03:05Is this a mistake? I cut my hair. Well, the answer is maybe.
01:03:13I cut my hair is a grammatically correct sentence that means I cut my own hair. I took a pair
01:03:22of
01:03:22scissors and chopped. Now, in my case, that would be a big mistake. I prefer to go to a hairdresser.
01:03:28So, how would I say that? I had my hair cut or I got my hair cut.
01:03:39This is called a causative structure. Have or get plus object plus past participle. To have something
01:03:49done or to get something done. It's used when someone else does something for us, usually a paid
01:03:55service. Can you repair your own car? If the answer is no, use the causative. I had my car repaired
01:04:04yesterday. A mechanic did it. Would you paint your own house? I mean, it actually sounds like fun,
01:04:10but I'm not sure it would look very good if I did it. So, I might say, we're having the
01:04:15house painted
01:04:16next month. A professional painter is doing it. Notice that only have or get change tense.
01:04:23We always use the past participle after the object. We can use the same structure to say that something
01:04:31bad happened to us, usually when we didn't cause the bad thing to happen. For example,
01:04:37I had my wallet stolen last night. Or, she got her car broken into.
01:04:45Someone did these things to us. Again, there are more examples with the causative in the ebook.
01:04:53It's quite a useful structure to learn. It's a really useful structure.
01:04:59Okay, we have time for a little quiz before we finish the lesson. Some of these sentences contain
01:05:06mistakes. If there is a mistake, correct it. I'll read them out for you.
01:05:12One, who ate the two last slices of pizza?
01:05:16Two, she told me nothing that I didn't know already.
01:05:23Three, I'm having a tooth taken out tomorrow.
01:05:29Four, we had a quite good meal at that restaurant.
01:05:34And five, probably she'll help. I'll give you five seconds, but pause if you need more time.
01:05:46Okay, number one contained a mistake. It should be the last two slices of pizza.
01:05:52Remember, we put words like last and first before numbers in English.
01:05:57The second sentence was correct. We usually use nothing that in relative clauses,
01:06:03not nothing which or nothing what. Number three was also correct. I definitely wouldn't want to take
01:06:11my own tooth out. So the causative structure, meaning someone else will do it, is right.
01:06:18Number four was incorrect. It should be, we had quite a good meal. Remember, it's quite plus article,
01:06:26adjective, noun. And number five also had a mistake. The most natural way to say this is
01:06:33she'll probably help with probably before the main verb. Okay, let's begin for our first common mistake.
01:06:41We're looking at in the end versus at the end. Even higher level learners confuse these phrases and
01:06:49why wouldn't you? It's just a tiny change of preposition, just two letters.
01:06:54So which one do we need to complete this sentence? In or at?
01:06:59The end? We decided to stay at home. It should be in the end, meaning finally or eventually,
01:07:07usually after a period of time, thought or difficulty. Now this is a fixed idiomatic phrase
01:07:15referring to the final result or decision. It's not used to talk about the literal or metaphorical end of
01:07:23something like a road or a film. Let's see two more examples. In the end, we decided to move to
01:07:30London
01:07:31after a long time thinking about it. Or, it was difficult but in the end, everything worked out.
01:07:40Finally, after some problems. Now, at the end refers to the final point in time or space of something
01:07:48specific. It's more literal than in the end. It can be followed by of plus a noun.
01:07:57So, if we go back to the sentence in the introduction, we now know that it should be
01:08:02there's a surprise at the end of the film, not in the end. A couple more examples. I'm always tired
01:08:10at the end of the end of the week. On Fridays, for example. Or, the station is at the end
01:08:16of this road.
01:08:17Okay, mistake number two. Try to correct this sentence. I am again unemployed. It should be
01:08:26I'm unemployed again. So, we tend to place again at the end of a clause, not in the middle. This
01:08:34might be
01:08:34different to your first language. In these examples, it means one more time. For example,
01:08:41can you start the video again, please? Or, we won't see each other again. Now, you'll sometimes see
01:08:48again before the main verb. This is more formal than placing again at the end and is done for emphasis.
01:08:56For even greater emphasis, we can add yet. Yet again. She yet again changed the project brief.
01:09:07Now, again and yet again can also appear at the beginning for emphasis. Yet again, the train was
01:09:15delayed. But we don't place it before an adjective. So, I'm again tired is not correct. It's tricky to get
01:09:24this right. But if you're in doubt, placing again after the clause is a safe bet, as it's the most
01:09:32common, neutral option. Don't worry if this doesn't seem totally clear. We go into more detail and there
01:09:39are more examples in the ebook. Scan the QR code there or click the link in the description to download
01:09:44your free copy. Okay, mistake number three is one of the mistakes I've heard most over the years.
01:09:51Do you like coffee? Yes, I like. Now, unfortunately, that is not how we make short answers. We will
01:09:59understand you if you say this. It's not a communication issue. But if we want to be
01:10:05grammatically correct, we should say, yes, I do. When replying to short questions, we make yes or no
01:10:13short answers with an auxiliary verb. The same one that's in the question. Not with the main verb.
01:10:19Did they enjoy the party? Yes, they did. Not, yes, they enjoyed. Has he visited Liverpool before?
01:10:28No, he hasn't. Not, no, he hasn't visited. Now, you can give a full answer if you want to,
01:10:38but this is less common in natural speech. To like is a transitive verb, so it needs an object.
01:10:44Do you like coffee? Yes, I like it. Or, yes, I like coffee. It's more common to use the pronoun
01:10:51rather than the noun to avoid repetition. You can also just say, yes, which makes things much easier.
01:11:00But never, yes, I like. Sometimes intransitive verbs can be used alone in replies. Did he laugh?
01:11:07Yes, he laughed. We usually only say this for emphasis. For example, oh, he laughed. As in,
01:11:15he laughed a lot. Generally, it's more natural to say, yes, he did. Now, this is something that trips
01:11:23even advanced learners up. So, don't worry if you still make this mistake. Okay, mistake number four,
01:11:30try to correct this sentence. That's the reason because I left. Now, the easiest way is to simply
01:11:37remove because. That's the reason I left. You could also replace because with that or why,
01:11:47but we don't say the reason because I did something. So, one way to use reason correctly is by following
01:11:54it with why or that plus a clause. That's the reason why we cancelled the trip. In informal English,
01:12:02you can omit why or that. The reason she left early was to get to her flight. Not the reason
01:12:09because
01:12:10she left or was because to get her flight. There are lots of other structures we can use after reason,
01:12:17but it's this particular one that my students make mistakes with. Because is used as a conjunction to
01:12:23join two clauses showing cause and effect. She left early because she needed to get her flight.
01:12:31Try to use the weak form when because appears as part of a sentence. Because, because with a schwa
01:12:37in the second syllable. Not because, you can say it, but because sounds more natural. You'll often see
01:12:45because of followed by a noun. We cancelled the trip because of the weather. Okay, we're on to our final
01:12:52mistakes. Students and native speakers, listen up. Which word is contracted here?
01:13:01I should have studied harder. Is it should of or should have? It's I should have studied harder,
01:13:10not I should of studied harder. Now, I think people use of because when have is contracted after a
01:13:18consonant sound, it sounds the same as the weak form of of, have contracted. Of, of contracted, of.
01:13:28Should have, should have. Would have, would've. Could have, could've. That of sound tricks our brain into
01:13:38thinking it's of and people make the mistake of saying it or writing it. In fast speech, we often use
01:13:44the
01:13:45informal contractions shoulda, woulda and coulda which don't sound like they contain have either.
01:13:51So, the structure to form a clause with a past modal is modal verb plus have plus past participle.
01:13:59I should have called her. But in speech, we tend to use contractions. I should have called her. This
01:14:06makes your English sound more natural than if you use the full form. They would have bought it if it
01:14:13had
01:14:13been cheaper. You could have been hurt. We also use the same structure with other modal verbs like
01:14:19must and might. I hear must of and might of but again, they're not correct. She must have already
01:14:27gone home. The dog might have eaten it. Okay, are you ready to test what you've learnt? I've got a
01:14:34short
01:14:34quiz for you. Complete the gaps with one word from the video lesson to form a structure we've looked at
01:14:41today. Here are the sentences. One. The reason they're upset is the sudden change in plans.
01:14:51Two. What happened? The end of the film. I fell asleep. Three. Do you like pancakes? Yes, I...
01:15:03Four. You should... gone to the doctor. And five. I can't believe he's late for work.
01:15:11That's the third time this week. I'll give you five seconds but pause if you need more time.
01:15:21Okay, in number one, we can have that or why or we could just leave it blank. We can't use
01:15:28because.
01:15:29It doesn't join two clauses. Two should be at the end. The literal end point of the film.
01:15:37Three. Yes, I do. Not yes, I like, which is grammatically incorrect. Four. You should have gone
01:15:46or you should have gone. Not should of, which sounds the same in the short form but isn't correct.
01:15:54And number five should be again. He's late for work again, with again placed naturally at the end.
01:16:01Don't forget to download your ebook with 35 common mistakes and exactly how to correct them.
01:16:08It has another quiz so you can really practice what you've learnt.
01:16:11It's a massive ebook. I think you're going to love it so take advantage of it being free.
01:16:16The link is in the description box or you can scan the QR code there.
01:16:20I really hope you enjoyed today's lesson and that you learnt something.
01:16:23I will see you in the next one. Bye.