00:00hello everyone welcome to Munira Shrine Academy in this video we will be learning basic fundamental
00:10operations in maths in the last video I have already explained two basic operations that
00:17is addition and subtraction you can go to the link and check them in this video we will be
00:22learning multiplication and division now let's start with multiplication what do you understand
00:29by multiplication multiplication is repeated addition of numbers right now to understand
00:37let us say we have three trees right now if I say this is one group if I have four such groups of three
00:53trees right this way so how many trees are there in total what we will do we have three plus three
01:11plus three plus three right this is repeated addition three plus three plus three plus three that makes it
01:21twelve now it is not possible to add n number of times so here comes multiplication what we will say
01:31we say we have four times three one two three four four groups so when we have four groups it is four
01:41times three right this it is read this way four times three so four times three make it twelve this is how
01:52multiplication works now when we talk about calculating two-digit multiplications for single digits multiplication you
02:04need to learn the tables which are very important now suppose you are asked to multiply 23 into 5 how can we multiply them
02:16right so we start we write them in this column way starting with the first digit 5 into 3 5 3 is 15 so you write 5 here and 1 carry
02:30okay this is with carry in the last video I have explained you addition with carry this is multiplication then 5 into 2 is 10 and we have 1 as carry so 10 plus 1 11 so when we say to
02:4623 into 3 into 3 into 3 into 5 that is equal to 1 1 5 now like let us take a smaller number suppose I say 23 into 2 here we do not have any carry right now 2 into 3 is 6 2 into 2 is 4 so 23 into 2 is 46
03:05now suppose suppose we have both the numbers 2 digits say we have 52 into 25 how do we calculate this starting with the first digit of the second number that is the last digit of the second number that is 5
03:275 into 5 5 into 5 5 into 5 5 into 5 5 3 then 5 into 5 5 5 5 and 5 5 is 25 plus 1 makes it 26 now what is the next step you have to multiply 2 into 52 so first you will make a cross or a 0 here ok
03:52okay at the right most place below the right most digit then start 2 into 2 that makes it 4
04:00and 2 into 5 that is 10 after that we will add the numbers okay 260 is the answer for 52 into 5
04:14and 104 is the answer for 52 into 2 now add them starting from the right hand side 0 this is
04:22considered as 0 so 0 plus 0 is 0 6 plus 4 is 10 so 0 carry 1 then 2 plus 0 is 2 plus 1 is 3 and 1
04:36so your answer for 52 into 25 is 1 3 0 0 okay now similarly if you have a three digit number here
04:48what you will do we will keep on adding across starting from the right hand side going towards
04:54the left hand side let us take one simple example and understand suppose we have a number 52
05:04or say 520 into 121 okay so starting with 1 you will first multiply 520 into 1 so 1 into 0 is 0
05:201 into 2 is 2 1 into 5 is 5 now going to the next digit towards the left that is 2 so 520 into 2 so
05:30before multiplying you will put a cross or a 0 here now 2 into 0 is 0 2 into 2 is 4 and 2 into 5 is 10
05:43now since we do not have any other digits here so we will put 1 here itself now going to the third
05:50digit what we have to do we will put 2 cross here okay and then start 1 into 0 is 0
05:591 into 2 is 2 1 into 5 is 5 now since we have completed multiplying each digit of the second number
06:08with the first number now you have to add them column wise starting from the right hand side
06:15okay right most digit is 0 plus 0 plus 0 is 0 2 plus 0 is 2 5 plus 4 plus 0 is 9 0 plus 2 is 2 and 1 plus 5 is 6
06:28so your answer for 520 into 121 is 6 2 9 2 0 this way you can keep on multiplying and number of digits of a number
06:40so always remember to put a cross and more the number of digits more will be the number of steps
06:46now let us understand what is division
06:50when we talk about division it is basically dividing a bigger group of numbers into equal parts
07:00okay for example if i have 12 trees
07:082 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 and 12 and i'm supposed to divide them into equal parts
07:29making a group of two okay so this will be one group
07:34second third fourth fifth and sixth so we have six groups here
07:43so if i say i'm dividing 12 into groups of two equal parts
07:51how many groups we get we get six equal parts right so this is how division works
07:58now if i have to divide these 12 trees into three equal parts right making group of threes
08:04so if i say 12 divided by 3 so that will make it 4 right 12 divided by 3 is 4
08:15in the other way when we say 3 into 4 is 12 right so dividing a bigger group into equal parts is division
08:24now how do we divide in the standard way
08:28suppose you are asked to divide 10 by 5
08:38we are taking the simplest number you need to learn the tables for this as well okay
08:43so what we do we write 10 here now we need to understand we have three four things
08:4910 is your dividend
08:555 is called as divisor which will divide and when you get the answer your answer will be called as
09:09quotient and if we have something remaining it will be known as remainder
09:14okay let us take and understand with an example so 10 dividend inside divisor outside divided by 5
09:25now we know that 5 to the is 10 so 2 here that is your quotient and 10 and you have to subtract 10
09:35okay in multiplication we are adding and division we subtract now 10 minus 10 is 0
09:43so here 2 is your quotient and 0 is your remainder
09:49now take us let us consider an example say 12 divided by 5
09:56now we know that 12 is not the multiple of 5
10:00so writing 12 inside 5 the divisor outside 5 to the is 10
10:07now what we will see you have to take the multiple of 5 which is nearest to 12 and smaller than 12
10:15so 10 is nearest to 12 and it is smaller than 12
10:19if i take 5 3 is a 15 15 is also near to 12 but it is greater than 12 so we cannot take 15
10:265 2 is a 10 then 12 minus 10 is 2 so here your remainder is 2
10:34coefficient is same that is 2 in the first example remainder is 0 in the second example we get remainder
10:422 right this is the simplest division now when we go to the decimal points it is the other way which
10:50i will explain in the upcoming videos that how we can put a decimal and go through it now let us take a
10:58bigger number suppose the number is 5 20 divided by 5 okay so 5 20 is your dividend 5 is your divisor
11:17now what we will do we will start with the first digit on the left okay since the number is very big
11:255 now 5 ones are is 5 so 5 ones are 5 then 5 minus 5 is 0 after that we will bring the second digit of the
11:39number down so take an arrow and 2 here now 2 is smaller than 5 so we cannot divide it so what we will do we
11:49will say 5 zeros are 0 and then 2 minus 0 is 2 and then bring the third digit down that is 0 so this makes it 20
12:02now we know that 5 forza is 20 so 5 forza 20 and 20 minus 20 is 0 so the remainder is 0 so when we say 5 20
12:16divided by 5 we get the answer that is your quotient as 1 0 4 this is how we can make divisions and what we are
12:26doing we are basically dividing a bigger number that is 5 20 here into a group smaller group of 5 each
12:34so when we are dividing 5 20 into group of 5 we will get 104 such groups okay this is how division works
12:43i hope the concept basic concept of multiplication and division is clear to learn about addition and
12:48subtraction kindly watch my previous video and do watch the upcoming videos as well thank you very much
12:56for the upcoming videos as well thank you very much for watching
