00:00hello friends welcome to Neera shine Academy in this video we will be doing
00:10four basic fundamental operations of notes now the basic operations which are
00:17very essential even for class one students okay so the four operations are
00:24addition subtraction multiplication and the fourth one is division now these are
00:50the basic operations because even when you go for the higher classes these four
00:55operations are very necessary you need to understand how to solve them how they
01:01are used and what are the important concepts of these operations so let us
01:07start with addition try to understand one at a time and how we can do these
01:13basic operations starting with addition first now simplest addition is to add two
01:22numbers having one single digit right now what do you understand a difference
01:28between a digit and a number now if I say to this is a number if I say 21 this is
01:37also a number right if I say 210 this is also a number now when we talk about
01:44digits the first number has only one digit the second number has two digits the
01:51third number has three digits two one and zero right so the most basic operation is
01:57adding two numbers having single digits so suppose I add 2 plus 5 dealing with
02:10addition 2 plus 5 the simplest way to add them is counting them on fingers or
02:19making lines okay so if we count them on fingers we will take two fingers on one
02:24hand and five fingers on the another hand so this together will make 1 2 3 4 5 6 and
02:307 so 2 plus 5 becomes 7 so suppose I make lines so for 2 we can make two lines for
02:405 you will make 5 lines 1 2 3 4 5 and then adding them together 1 2 3 4 5 6 and 7 so
02:52this becomes 7 this is the simplest addition then now if we have two digit numbers
03:00suppose your numbers are 21 plus another number if I say I have a one digit number one number is two
03:13digit another number is single digit 21 plus 5 so what we have to do you will start from the right hand
03:21first add one plus five that will make it six and then we will add two and here we do not have any
03:29numbers so that is assumed to be zero so 2 plus 0 is 2 so 21 plus 5 becomes 26 now if we have three digit
03:42numbers in this case let us consider that both the numbers are three digits so if I have two one
03:50one and four plus one and four plus one zero five what we will do we will start from the right hand
04:00adding number the first thing you have to write them in the column form the number should come exactly
04:07under each other starting with the right hand side four plus five is equal to nine one plus zero is one
04:19two plus one two plus one is three so addition of the number 214 plus 105 is equal to three one nine
04:30right now these were the additions without carry now if we have addition of numbers with carry
04:40carry with carry means when we add two digits and we have the answer greater than nine that is 10 11 12
04:52or further so the another number gets carry on the left hand side so it is known as addition with
04:59carry let us take an example and understand suppose I have a number 57 plus
05:0914 and you have to add them now 7 plus 4 is equal to 11 right so so when we have 11 7 plus 4 is 11
05:22what we will do we will write the number on the right hand side as an answer and we will carry the another
05:32number on the next column on your left so here this one is carry now you have to add all three digits together
05:431 plus 5 plus 1 so 1 plus 5 6 plus 1 7 so your answer will be 71 let us take one more example let us take a number with
05:573 digit suppose your number is 4 9 and 8 plus 3 7 and say 2 now starting from the right hand side
06:188 plus 2 will be 10 so when we have 10 what we will do we will write 0 here the right most digit and the left most digit will go as a carry
06:31so one will be a carry now add all three digits together 1 plus 9 plus 7 so 1 plus 9 is 10 plus 7 is 17 now you have 17
06:43so we will write 7 in the answer and again 1 will be carry to the next column now 1 plus 4 plus 3 so 1 plus 4 is 5 plus 3 is 8
06:58so your final answer is 8 7 0 this is addition with carry because we are carrying a digit to the another column
07:08right now you may it's not necessary that we have a carry as only one we may have any number any digit as carry
07:15it can be 2 3 4 any digit till 9 okay now let us understand subtraction
07:24now when we talk about subtraction of a number it is also called minus what we do suppose you have
07:3710 chocolates and we say you are distributing 4 of them to those students or children 4 children
07:44so how many are left with you what we will do we will what generally say i have 10
07:50and i'm distributing 4 so 1 2 3 4 we will subtract 4 from them and the remaining is 6
07:57this is how we count them on fingers right now if you have subtraction of some simple single digit number
08:07it's very simple suppose i say 7 minus 3 so what you have to do you can make lines also and count them
08:15right 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 lines here and 3 lines here now you sorry 7 lines here and now you have to subtract 3
08:26so we will cross 3 lines here and count the remaining 1 2 3 and 4 so the answer is 4
08:36now if you have subtraction of a greater number say 2 digit number if i have a number 93 minus 71
08:53what we will do we will start from the right hand side write the numbers properly the digits below each other
09:03so 3 minus 1 will be 2 9 minus 7 will also be 2 so your answer is 22 now let us consider another example
09:15okay of say a three digit number so suppose i have number 754 minus 23 now here if i say minus 23
09:29it is very important to understand where 23 will be written in the column form okay now this is your
09:36question if i say 754 minus 23 so 22 will not come below 7 you start writing from the right hand side
09:463 and then 2 and there is no digit below 7 it is 0 here okay if you will write 23 instead of here
09:57instead of here if you write it below 7 and 5 your answer will be incorrect now start solving from the
10:04right hand side 4 minus 3 is 1 5 minus 2 is 3 and 7 minus 0 is 7 so your answer is 7 3 1
10:18now when we talk about subtraction of number with borrow okay we have addition with carry and subtraction with borrow
10:33what we have seen here already was subtraction without borrow now with borrow now what do we understand with borrow
10:42suppose i say i am suppose i am suppose i somebody asked me for 10 rupees and i have only 5 rupees
10:49what will i do i will borrow the remaining 5 rupees from someone else i will ask someone else that please
10:56give me 5 rupees because i have to pay 10 rupees to someone else so this process is borrowing a number
11:02okay so similarly when we subtract suppose i we say we have number 27 minus 9 now starting from right
11:16hand side if the digit upper digit is smaller than the lower digit you cannot subtract okay because here
11:25say we have 7 chocolates and we are supposed to distribute 9 chocolates how can we do that since
11:31we have only 7 of them so in that case you will have to borrow from someone else right so the process says
11:39that borrow a digit from the number on the left we have 2 here so we will borrow 1 from 2 1 will come here
11:52and this 2 will become 1 because it has already given 1 right so 2 minus 1 becomes 1 and here 7
12:00will become 17 will become 17 not 8 okay remember it does not become 8 it will become 1 and 7 17
12:11now we have 17 here and we have to subtract 9 from it so 17 minus 9 is 8 and here we have 1 remaining
12:24and 0 so 1 minus 0 becomes 1 so 1 minus 0 becomes 1 so the answer is 18 this is how we have to subtract a number with borrow
12:35let us take one more example and make the concept clear suppose you have a number 3 4 5 minus
12:481 minus 78 okay we do not have any digit here it is 0 now starting from the right hand side 5 is a smaller
13:02than 8 so you are supposed to borrow a number from a digit towards its left so borrowing 1 from 4
13:134 this will become 15 right and 4 is given 1 to the next number so this is 4 minus 1 3 now 15 minus 8
13:27will be 7 right so 15 minus 8 becomes 7 now coming to the next column it is 3 minus 7 now again 3 is a smaller
13:40than 7 so we cannot subtract so what we will do we will borrow our number 1 from the number on the left which
13:49is 3 so borrowing 1 this becomes 13 and this becomes 3 minus 1 2 now 13 minus 7 so 13 minus 7 is
14:016 and here we have 2 minus 0 that is 2 so your answer becomes 267 this is how we can subtract a number with borrow
14:17so always remember if we have a number smaller number uh above and a greater number we cannot subtract them in
14:25so in that case you are supposed to borrow a number from a digit which is left to it i hope the concept
14:32of addition and subtraction is clear to you all now the remaining two fundamental operations multiplication
14:38addition and division will be explained in the next video thank you for watching and keep watching
