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Dissolved air flotation (DAF) systems include a number of basic components. These including a chemical mix system, an air saturation system, a pressure reduction valve, a flotation tank or vessel, a skimmer for removing the resultant sludge, assorted control valves, a recycle pump, a recycle pressure safety relief valve, and an outlet weir, where the water passes on the way out from the flotation tank.
The coagulants act as a preliminary chemical treatment, which is more efficient and cheaper for removing the solute particles. Preliminary chemical treatment can improve the overall performance of the dissolved air flotation system.
One trick when space is tight is to inject coagulant right where the wastewater comes out of the EQ tank and ahead of any transfer pump. This maximizes shear and given this, a contact tank will likely not be necessary.
The air-saturated water is then routed to the front of the flotation tank or vessel where the pressure is released. In a well-designed system water is completely saturated with microscopic air bubbles. These bubbles increase the buoyancy of the suspended solute particles, since the bubbles themselves are less dense than water, and the suspended matter floats to the surface as a layer of frothy sludge. The sludge layer is mechanically removed via a skimmer and the clarified water exits the dissolved air flotation system.
Conventional dissolved air flotation systems dissolve air into the wastewater through the use of a recycle pump and saturation vessel combined with an air compressor. The conventional system recycles some of the cleaned water from the DAF effluent. It is a semi-effective system, but are more costly and demanding in terms of energy, labor, and poor dissolution than the new regenerative turbine technology.
Engineers have developed a simplified process and improved efficiency with this system. The new pump compresses and dissolved the air into the water in a single pass making saturation tanks unnecessary. The pump creates 20-30 micron micro bubbles which are the workhorse in the DAF process. Finer bubbles, better saturation results in greater solids capture and drier solids cake.
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