- 1 day ago
Category
📺
TVTranscript
00:01There was barbed wire around the ghetto of Krakow and through this barbed wire, strangely
00:07enough, I could see they put a screen on one of the buildings and they were screening the
00:15newsreels, you see, Wochenschau.
00:19And we, the kids, watched this screening through this barbed wire.
00:32A look back to a world of extremes, in German-occupied Poland.
00:401939, in spring, my father was Generalgouverneur, and then we were constantly in Poland, on the
00:49Burg, in Wawel, in Krakow.
00:51Es gibt die offizielle Nazi-Perspektive, die da sagte, das ist eine Kolonie, die gilt es
01:00auszubeuten.
01:02Ich meine, dass alle Erwachsenen genau wussten, wir haben hier nichts verloren, das ist ein
01:07überfallenes Land und sie wussten, dass, was sie tun, überhaupt nichts mit Recht zu tun hat.
01:37Das sind Kinder!
01:41Dieser arme Soldat im Mai 1945, den sehe ich noch vor mir, war ein junger Kerl und der
01:48reihte uns auf.
01:51Meine Mutter, meine Geschwister und mich, meine Mutter hat geschrien aus Zorn, nicht aus Angst.
01:58Wir Deutsche haben auch unseren Stolz!
02:00Meine Geschwister wollten und da legte er das Gewehr auf uns an.
02:09Und da habe ich irgendwie gedacht, dass dieser Mann da drüben Recht hat.
02:15So würde ich das heute sagen, ist mir damals durch den Kopf gegangen und dass ich Mitglied in
02:23einer Familie bin, die wohl nicht immer auf Seiten des Rechts gelebt hat.
02:29Hans Frank had to answer at Nürnberg for what he had done as the ruler of occupied Poland.
02:50Hans Frank war ein Machtmensch, dem mit dem Amt des Generalgouverneurs eine geradezu unbegrenzte
03:01Machtfülle in die Hand gegeben worden war.
03:03Es war von Hitler klar vorgegeben worden, dass das Generalgouvernement eine Art rechtsfreier
03:10Raum sein würde, in dem Hans Frank eigentlich klar gesagt machen konnte, was er wollte.
03:17Wir sind nun in diesem Lande und werden als Deutsche niemals mehr dieses Land verraten.
03:23During the war, Hans Frank had the power of life and death over 12 million Poles.
03:29He was given it by Hitler himself.
03:33Mein Vater bekam einen Anruf aus dem Zug von Adolf Hitler und ist er dann hingefahren.
03:40Und dort war es eine zehnminütige Unterhaltung mit Hitler, in dem der Hitler ihn beauftragt hat,
03:48die Zivilverwaltung in den eroberten Gebieten zu übernehmen.
03:52Mein Vater kam zurück, kniete vor meiner Mutter nieder und sagte,
03:58Brigitte, du wirst Königin von Polen.
04:01It all went back to the city of Danzig.
04:04Between the wars, it was a free city under the protection of the League of Nations,
04:09but it was coveted both by Hitler's Reich and by Poland,
04:13especially by the 10% of its population who were Poles.
04:18Ich habe mein Land geliebt, ja, geliebt und wirklich.
04:23Also wir waren so große Patrioten.
04:26Wir durften nicht Deutsch zu Hause sprechen.
04:30Budzimira Wortelewicz, née Musik, was 15 in 1939.
04:34She came from a middle-class Polish family.
04:40Mein Vater war Vertreter von der British and Polish Trade Bank in Danzig.
04:46Man hat ihn auch angeboten kurz vor dem Kriege,
04:50dass er nach London fährt dazu der Direktion.
04:54Aber er wollte die Familie nicht verlassen.
04:57Was mein Vater immer sagte, die Familie ist das Wichtigste.
05:03Er heißt Tadeusz und ist ein lieber Junge.
05:07Wenigstens kein Deutscher.
05:13Er war wirklich ein wunderbarer Papa.
05:22Ich wurde erzogen sehr, sehr patriotisch.
05:28Wir mussten lernen, immer in polnischer Sprache.
05:33Die Polen waren ja die Minderheit in Danzig.
05:37The German majority in this port city clamoured for Danzig
05:41to join Hitler's Reich.
05:48Conversely, there were German minorities in parts of Poland
05:51who now felt under increasing pressure.
05:55Meine Vorfahren sind wahrscheinlich vor 150 Jahren
06:00ausgewandert aus Deutschland und haben Siedlungen gegründet.
06:04Das waren sogenannte deutsche Kolonisten,
06:07von den Polen so genannt.
06:09Gustav Hinz grew up on a farm in Zadolisch,
06:1290 km northeast of Warsaw.
06:15Obwohl vereinzelt auch Polen in diesen Dörfern gelebt haben,
06:22haben wir im Frieden zweisprachig da gelebt,
06:25polnisch und deutsch.
06:27Da, schau Wojciech.
06:29Patrz.
06:30Oh, to Niemcy, sind das Deutsche.
06:33Was denkst du denn?
06:34Pokaż.
06:35Spielen wir?
06:36Dramy?
06:37Du bist unterofficier?
06:39Ich leutnant.
06:40Zuwelfeld, Herr Leutnant.
06:42Wir haben uns alle gut verstanden.
06:45W Polsce międzywojennej w II Rzeczypospolitej
06:49mniejszość niemiecka była dosyć mocna,
06:51gdzieś szacuje się około 2,5 do 3%,
06:55około 800 tysięcy, to co różnie.
06:57Und seit 1939.
07:00Niemiec und Polen sind zu spiegen.
07:03Die Wahrheit war also in der Niemczech,
07:06wo es nicht so nahe war.
07:07Denn die Sowasen waren nicht nur einverstanden,
07:09wo es um die Niemczech handelschefische Handel waren.
07:11Die Niemczech handelschefische Handel war und hat kennengestellte
07:14diese Handel und beherrschen.
07:18Germans also lived in the Polish town of Gostynia,
07:22north of Breslau and not far from the German border.
07:40As a 15-year-old schoolboy, Marian Zobkowiak
07:44could feel the international crisis impinging on his world.
08:14In the country.
08:15OK.
08:20OK.
08:22OK.
08:23OK.
08:27OK.
08:28OK.
08:31OK.
08:35OK.
08:36OK.
08:38OK.
08:40OK.
08:44OK.
08:45Roman Polanski, born Raymond Liebling in Paris,
08:48had been living in Krakow with his parents and half-sister since 1937.
08:53Krakow was his father's hometown.
08:58I was three years old when we got back to Krakow.
09:02And for a child, the reality is as it is.
09:06So a child accepts it much easier than an adult.
09:13To me, Roman.
09:15So.
09:15Achtung.
09:16Das sieht nicht aus.
09:18Hier drauf drücken.
09:19So, klick.
09:20Ach so, genau.
09:21Ja.
09:21Aha.
09:21So.
09:22Das ist der Papa auch mal wieder.
09:23Ja, herrlich.
09:24Warte, wie muss ich's halten?
09:25Gerade halten.
09:26Gerade halten.
09:28Gerade halten.
09:29Gerade halten.
09:30Das ist schön.
09:31Das ist jeder Schiff.
09:32Ich kann mich doch nicht aus.
09:34Und jetzt?
09:35Jetzt?
09:35Ja.
09:38Das waren sehr glückliche Tage und eine sehr glückliche Kindheit,
09:43bis die Krieg begonnen hat.
09:47Am 1. September 1939, Deutschland hat Polen verletzt.
09:54Dantzig war ein wichtiges deutsche Objektiv.
09:58Der Krieg war ausgebrochen.
10:01Das war eine furchtbare Sache.
10:03Mein Papa ist dann zum Bahn gegangen.
10:07Und als er sich von uns wirklich verabschiedet hat,
10:11hat er uns Kinder sehr, sehr.
10:14Und meine Mama natürlich.
10:15Sie haben sich so lange gedrückt.
10:18Ich kann mich doch entsinnen,
10:20dass ich den Kopf so oft an seine Schulter gelegen habe.
10:27Das war ja das letzte Mal, wo Papa zu Hause war.
10:32Die ersten deutschen Truppen ziehen in das befreite Dantzig ein.
10:36The soldiers were followed by police units
10:39and a reign of terror.
10:41That very day the Germans began to arrest Polish nationalists,
10:45among them Budzimiras father.
10:52Und in diesem Moment am 1. September,
10:57als ich 15 Jahre hatte,
11:01da war ich erwachsen.
11:02Heavy bombing, especially in Warsaw, wreaked havoc.
11:09Physically and emotionally.
11:14The German campaign was over within three weeks.
11:18But for the Poles, the war was only beginning.
11:25Krakow was the new capital,
11:27with Hans Frank as Hitler's Viceroy.
11:30Auf dem Wawel, auf der Burg,
11:32wurde meinem Vater feierlich der Schlüssel überreicht.
11:37Und dann hat er dort seinen Dienstsitz genommen.
11:41Die allererste Verordnung, die er lassen hat,
11:43war, dass die Juden und die Polen
11:46zur Zwangsarbeit verpflichtet wurden.
11:47Wer ab heute, Mitternacht,
11:51als Jude ohne Erlaubnis hier in Krakau,
11:54noch weiß, wird ab morgen
11:56der Zwangsarbeit Flick unterstellt werden.
12:04Diese Sterne am Arm der Juden,
12:07das kam ja von ihm,
12:08das hat mein Vater auch eingeführt.
12:16Und dann kam ja von der Juden
12:19für die Juden,
12:22die Armbands kam,
12:24die blöde,
12:26die blöde,
12:27die blöde,
12:28die David blöde,
12:29und das bedeutet,
12:30dass wir die Juden waren.
12:31Ich wusste nicht, dass wir die Juden waren.
12:33Ich wusste nicht,
12:34wer die Juden waren.
13:03Die Juden, die Polens,
13:05das waren wirkliche Untermenschen.
13:07Das war ganz klar,
13:08die galten nichts,
13:09für die Juden.
13:25to implement this scheme poland was carved up large parts of the west and north about a quarter
13:32of the country were annexed to germany the eastern half went to the soviet union and what remained
13:38in the center known as the general government was treated as a labor pool for germany the effects of this
13:47national dismemberment reached far into the countryside including the town of gostynia
13:56obawialiśmy się chociaż na początku jak weszed wehrmacht to wszystko było bardzo przyjazne
14:05każdy z kaneczką dostał grochówki żołnierze byli bardzo przyjaźni niektórzy nawet mówili po polsku wszystko
14:16się skończyło jak przyszedł jak tutaj przyszedł gestapo do gostynia
14:25sama wojna nie była zaskoczeniem zaskoczeniem była brutalność działań
14:30Niemców zarówno samego wehrmachtu jak i policji bezpieczeństwa einsatzgruppen które
14:35rozstrzeliwały tysiące polaków według z góry przygotowanych list 20 października oficjalnie
14:45tak przekazywali to że jutro o godzinie dziewiątej mają się stawić wszyscy mężczyźni
14:54na rynek pod karą więzienia jedermann 15 na tyska hajst
15:02um to dojdzie werset na kain spa kredyjda nic mith
15:05apach bin tanky in my own sherman kaufmy
15:07o godzinie w pół do 10 mniej więcej wyprowadzają pierwszą dziesiątkę i 30 esesmanów
15:19They took part, first ten, and then they brought the next ten, and then they brought the next ten, and
15:28it was terrible.
15:30I was a witness, when I was my director of school, I was a doctor, I was a doctor, I
15:38was a doctor, I was a doctor, I was a doctor, I was a doctor.
15:42They were all in our house, they all stood up and fell in the blood of the blood.
15:52They were trained, the workers, all the workers, the workers.
16:01Executions such as this aimed to destroy Poland's heart and soul.
16:05Sixty thousand Poles from the country's elite were killed in this way, in 1939 alone.
16:16Hitler was convinced that the leader of Polish nationalism, patriotism, is the so-called elite.
16:22In order for the future, the Polish threat was a problem.
16:29In order for the future, if we were to destroy Poland's elite, then there will be a mass, which we
16:35can control.
16:42Polska inteligencja became the first group of national-socialist civil society.
16:56My brother Norman, who was 11 years older than I, was with my father on the Wawel at night.
17:07He told me, what's going on?
17:09There were dead people.
17:12The people, under the Wawel, there were about 30 dead Poles.
17:19They were killed as Geiseln.
17:21The powerful General Gubernator had his pasta on the table.
17:27He sprang from his cost-to-paste stool and said to my brother,
17:32I want nothing to hear from it.
17:35He went out of the room.
17:36We can say here, that we are the first time
17:42the Polish nation, the law, the law, the law, and the law.
17:49And the law.
17:54We tried to get rid of the Germans from Poles.
17:58We tried to get rid of the Germans from Poles.
18:06And our borders were so many other places.
18:08We had to watch them from the Одесс references,
18:08the German communists, the police, the Pole,
18:09the Poles and Poles.
18:11And we were also worse.
18:12All the laws of the peace of the reign.
18:14They said, they were French.
18:17They also had a presence of the Jews.
18:21They were in the United States,
18:21And at your heart when the Jews were black.
18:23They were opened by the Jews,
18:26the Jews.
18:27They didn't know that they were Japanese.
18:34My father once came with a blood trickling from his ear, holding his head, and he told
18:43us that he was walking on the sidewalk, and there was a young German officer coming in
18:56the opposite direction, and he didn't greet him, and the German officer hit him on the ear
19:04and broke his eardrum. It was a moment of great humiliation of his and mine as well.
19:26We didn't know where he was. We had a great dream about him. We didn't know that in the
19:33Viktoria-Schule the persecuted Poles were in the Viktoria-Schule. They were furchtbar, furchtbar
19:44gefoltert.
19:47Geime Staatspolizei! Aufmachen! Aufmachen!
20:03Es kamen Gendarmen mit Gewehren und haben mit meiner Mutter gesprochen und haben gesagt...
20:09Packen Sie bitte Ihre Sachen. Sie haben genau eine Stunde. Und nicht mehr als zwei Gepäckstücke
20:14pro Person. Sie werden ausgewiesen.
20:17Und meine Mutter sagte damals...
20:20Meine Güte, aber ich warte... Ich warte auf meinen Mann!
20:24Und da sagte der eine, da wo Sie hinfahren, da treffen Sie Ihren Mann.
20:31Wir durften nichts mitnehmen. Nur das, was wir auf den Händen hatten.
20:36In a gigantic exodus, 1,5 million Poles were forced to leave their homes.
20:44Die Polen, die dort unliebsam waren, die man entfernen wollte, die deportierte man in das Generalgouvernement.
20:54Worüber Generalgouverneur Hans Frank nicht besonders glücklich war. Er widersetzte sich teilweise diesen Deportationswellen.
21:00Er kam aber damit nicht durch. Gleichzeitig sollten die Häuser und Wohnungen, die in den annektierten Gebieten frei wurden,
21:07von sogenannten Volksdeutschen besetzt werden.
21:14Verlassene Wohnungen polnischer und jüdischer Auswanderer werden gesäubert und für Volksdeutsche bereitgestellt.
21:21Mit der Auszählung dieser Urkunde haben Sie den Papyrer geschaffen,
21:24im Großdeutschen Reich, eine neue Heimat gefunden. Herzlichen Glückwunsch!
21:28Danke! Alles klar!
21:30Wir fuhren in eine ungewisse Gegend, die wir nicht kannten.
21:38Und irgendwann sind wir in dem Ort angekommen, in dem wir auf einen Hof eingewiesen wurden.
21:45Volksdeutsche Bauern kehren heim ins große Vaterland.
21:49Dann habe ich schon mitbekommen, dass die Inhaber dieses Hofes, das war eine polnische Familie, weg mussten und wir dort
21:59einzogen.
22:02Mir war bewusst, dass es uns nicht gehörte und uns jetzt gehört.
22:07Von dem Anfang, die deutschen Neukomers called the shots, sogar die Kinder.
22:14Es gab da ein relativ großes Schulgebäude.
22:19In das durften nur deutsche Kinder zum Unterricht kommen.
22:23Und die polnischen Kinder durften nicht zur Schule.
22:26Wir fühlten uns als Übermenschen und die waren zu minderen, wertigeren Tätigkeiten da.
22:34Die Polen hatten da, um es krass zu sagen, eigentlich gar keine rechte.
22:40Die wurden nur als Arbeitskräfte betrachtet.
22:51Początkowo starano się prowadzić dobrowolny werbunek do pracy w Rzesze,
22:56ale wobec znikomego odzewu bardzo szybko wprowadzono przymus pracy.
23:02Przymus pracy obejmował także 14-letnie dzieci.
23:06Wobec biernego oporu Polaków realizowano to w sposób bardzo brutalny.
23:10Niekiedy po prostu drogą łapanek ulicznych, kiedy zupełnie przypadkowych ludzi zatrzymywano
23:16i wywożono do Niemiec.
23:18Ocenia się, że w Rzeszy pracowało ponad 2 miliony Polaków
23:24jako przymusowi robotnicy, zazwyczaj w niezwykle trudnych warunkach.
23:32The Germans considered everything as spoils of war.
23:36Labor, property, land, housing.
23:47We had to move to the place which was designed by Germans, and they emptied that area from
23:58the previous people, so they moved us to the other side of the river, in a place called
24:04Podgórze. In Kraków, 15,000 Jews were crammed into an area that had previously housed 3,000
24:13people. In one apartment there were about, I don't know, probably five families living.
24:21At a meeting in Wawol Castle, Hans Frank said,
24:26The predatory instinct is one of humanity's primal instincts. The delight in taking booty
24:32forms one of humanity's great sensual experiences. Poles here have no rights at all, everything
24:39goes to Germany, we won't even talk about the Jews.
24:46Sie hatten alle Vorrechte von Kolonialherrn. Die Deutschen haben wirklich das Generalbundemort
24:55als Beute gesehen. Und zwar von oben bis unten, also von den wichtigsten Mitgliedern der sogenannten
25:01Regierung bis runter zum letzten Beamten oder Wachmann.
25:08At the lowest level of the hierarchy of exploitation were the Jews, who were segregated on Krakow trams
25:15and everywhere else.
25:23Soon after moving in, my sister called me to the window and said, Look. And what I saw, there were
25:32guys,
25:33you know, doing some wall across the street. And I said, What are they doing? And she said,
25:43They are walling us up. They're building a wall around our area. And that really shocked me, I remember.
25:56The newly created ghetto was another target for looting.
26:01I see us there in our Mercedes, through these engen Straßen,
26:06and I saw, my mother sat in front of the driver.
26:11That was Krakow ghetto.
26:12My mother sat in front of the driver, because the people had all these stones.
26:16And my mother sat in front of the vehicle and sat in front of the driver.
26:31And then I saw a lot of trauric people. There was no Lachen and a Lachen and a Lachen,
26:37like I was kind of used to it.
26:44My mother sat in front of the vehicle, when she bought Tücher and Pelze,
26:53she had always determined the price. She gave them a pair of slots.
26:57That knew all of them, who were there.
27:00She put them all together and put them together and put them together.
27:06That knew all of them, and that knew all of them, and that knew all of them.
27:10Human life was also cheap in the ghetto.
27:17I suddenly saw the street was emptying, and that I saw that it was a column of women
27:24being marched by some few German officers, one particularly young and handsome,
27:36was shouting at one who was crying in Yiddish and walking on her force.
27:42And just as they were passing by me, the German suddenly had a gun in his head and shot her
27:50in the back.
27:51And I saw the blood coming up like this, you know, and I was paralyzed for the moment,
27:58and then just ran to the building behind me.
28:02There were horrors everywhere.
28:06I saw it all in my eyes, as my director, as Skiba, as Schwarcz.
28:18It was just impossible to hold.
28:21The young people, especially, started thinking about self-defense.
28:27They said, you can't stand, you have to be able to stand.
28:32Marian Zobkowiak and others joined the Black Legion, a local resistance group.
28:48Marian Zobkowiak and others joined the Black Legion.
28:56The Black Legion in the same way to the Russian flashlights.
28:58The Greek Legion was strong.
28:59Marian Zobkowiak and the Greek Legion was very strong.
29:02Marian Zobkowiak and the former Burning Legion of the Great Legion in the Old Gate.
29:05Marian Zobkowiak had been Germanized with the name of Gostingen.
29:09Soon he had the Gestapo on his trail.
29:11from the army, two Gestapo and one of the Black Legion,
29:26who he knew, who he was against.
29:30This is him.
29:32The police are in jail.
29:35Don't worry, come on.
29:40Marian and others of his group were taken to the nearest prison in Rawicz for interrogation.
30:31Marian was sentenced to two years in a concentration camp.
30:35Twelve of his comrades were executed.
30:41Jews in the ghetto might face death at any time.
30:47Men, women, children.
30:53There was a raid on our building and we heard screamings and shouting.
31:01In that time I got a friend who was living next door.
31:06He was a bright child, extremely.
31:09It was my first love, that friend.
31:15Unfortunately, that raid, they took him away.
31:20That broke my heart, of course.
31:23It was the first time that I suffer this type of deception, this type of feeling.
31:33By 1942, as this secretly filmed footage shows, Jews were seized in the ghetto streets in broad daylight.
31:45Meanwhile, Roman was taken in by family friends who lived across the river, outside the ghetto.
31:54After that raid, my father came to fetch me.
31:59We were walking towards the ghetto across the bridge of Vistula.
32:03He was somehow over warm, took me in his arms.
32:16Suddenly, he broke in tears and said they took Mama.
32:35I was begging him to stop crying because someone will notice us and they'll pick us up as he was
32:45not wearing his band arm.
32:50I remember missing my mother.
32:53That was a predominant feeling during all those times.
33:00All over Poland, the ghettos were being emptied.
33:05The Jews, who were mainly in the city of Pleuensk, Pleuensk, Pleuensk, lived in a ghetto.
33:11They were then after together, as my father told me, he was also told me.
33:17He was also a part of the action, as S. Amann, in a ghetto.
33:21Then the houses were then also plundered.
33:25I think we had also some things.
33:27After a certain time, this action was ended.
33:32And the ghetto was no longer there.
33:42Near the exit of the ghetto at the Umschlagplatz, there were thousands of people.
33:50Some of them must have been there for 24 hours.
33:53Kept by the Jewish ordnumdings.
33:58There was a boy walking back and forth, who must have been, I don't know, 18 maybe, 20.
34:05And I came to this boy on the edge of that crowd.
34:13And I said, look, we are starving.
34:16Let us go to fetch some bread from our apartment.
34:30And he looked at us like that for a long time and said, go.
34:42You know, if I really, if I think, sometimes what, who, when, ever saved my life,
34:50I always go to this Ornugdings boy.
34:56When every member of his family had been deported,
35:00Roman was hidden on a farm southwest of Krakow.
35:02It was only 40 kilometers from the Auschwitz death camp.
35:11As a child, one asked,
35:13what is going on with the Jews,
35:16who were taken away from the transports?
35:19There was this word,
35:22that from them, there is poison.
35:25And if the young people thought that it was so right,
35:28then they had to find out of it.
35:31Or they had to find out of it.
35:35Budzimira Votalevic's family and her fiance fled Danzig for Warsaw.
35:42We were with the friend of my mother in Warsaw.
35:47And as I was already there,
35:49said to him,
35:50that they had a central hall for the underground movement.
35:57And there were all the newspapers,
36:01all the letters, all the letters, all the letters.
36:04And then he threw me into it.
36:06He said,
36:07that you can work with,
36:08that you can help us with the German language.
36:15Poland had been carved up,
36:17and the Polish state had been smashed.
36:20Yet it still existed underground.
36:30The most important thing about the Polish resistance movement,
36:35that there was no other German-owned country in Europe,
36:38was the fact,
36:39that there was a personal territory.
36:44That means,
36:45in all parts of the Polish society,
36:47there were people,
36:48who were in a normal situation,
36:50but were in reality
36:51in the Polish territory,
36:53organized.
36:54And this territory had a own government,
36:57namely the Polish exiled government in London.
37:11And in the summer of 1944,
37:14with the Eastern Front drawing ever nearer,
37:17the Polish Home Army risked an uprising in Warsaw.
37:23Among the insurgents was Budzimir's fiance, Tadeusz.
37:29As in 1939,
37:31the Poles received a war,
37:32and he was dead.
37:36He was dead immediately.
37:38There was a very deep pain.
37:41I felt like I had lost something very great,
37:46wonderful.
37:48As a 21-year-old,
37:51I was a victim.
37:52I felt like I could feel.
37:54As in 1939,
37:57the Poles received little direct assistance.
37:59The Warsaw uprising was crushed.
38:02In reprisal,
38:03half a million Poles were expelled from Warsaw.
38:07Hitler ordered a further reprisal.
38:09The city center was razed to the ground.
38:17I was in the forest picking blueberries.
38:23Suddenly, I heard this noise.
38:27I looked up,
38:28and there were planes,
38:31just American planes,
38:35going...
38:35It was a fabulous moment.
38:38I laid on the grass,
38:40and my heart was just exploding with joy.
38:44The end of the war was close.
38:52Budzimir and her sister
38:54were among the half million expelled from Warsaw.
38:57They secretly returned to Danzig.
39:00Eines Tages,
39:01came two Gendarmen
39:03and they were arrested,
39:06my sister and me,
39:07and they were in a cellar.
39:10And then,
39:11they were on us,
39:12SS-Männer,
39:13and they were heard.
39:16What did you allow me?
39:18You were out.
39:20And now?
39:25You are here in Danzig.
39:28Illegal!
39:30You wait for our reason!
39:33That means
39:33ab with you in the KZ!
39:40Strattmann!
39:51My God.
39:54My God,
39:55it does not happen.
39:59It's...
40:00for the driver.
40:01It's a long time!
40:11It's a long time!
40:13Yeah,
40:13it's a long time!
40:17It's a long time!
40:19It's a long time!
40:22It's a long time!
40:25It's a long time!
40:28Yes,
40:28And now,
40:28I had to be proud of you.
40:30How old was he?
40:3420.
40:40I'm too old.
40:44Do you want to destroy the war?
40:48We don't know where our father is, where our mother is, where our sister is.
40:54Do you want to put us in the KZ?
40:57He didn't listen to me. He didn't stop.
41:00He said...
41:01Shut up.
41:04Shut up!
41:06But you have to contact us every week on the police.
41:11Then we went out, we cried, and we were so happy.
41:20Early in 1945, with Soviet troops closing in,
41:24Germans in the Eastern Territories prepared to make their escape.
41:29Gustav, come on.
41:32Gustav, come on.
41:53Gustav, come on.
42:03There was no escape.
42:14There was no escape.
42:18I just imagined how they were going to do it, with the face on the wall or on the other
42:25side.
42:26Then there is an execution commander and he shoots one.
42:31That's what we call it.
42:56After the war, we saw the first photos of the KZ dead, and the children of my age.
43:04It was a real shock, because it had something to do with our Poles.
43:09My father was responsible, because he was a powerful man there.
43:15Hans Frank was sentenced to death in the Nuremberg Trials.
43:19His remorse came too late.
43:22We call the German people, whose power we were,
43:27back to this way,
43:29where we and our system have failed to fight for God's right and right.
43:39It was only after the liberation of the Stutthof concentration camp near Danzig,
43:45that Budzimir learned what had happened to her father.
43:48He was shot there as early as 1940.
44:09At the end of the war, I went back to Krakow.
44:19About three months after that, I came home.
44:24Then I realized the guy was my father.
44:28My father took me on his knees.
44:31I was 12 years old, you know, so it felt strange.
44:35But it was one of the happiest days of my young life.
44:40Made probably the happiest at that time.
44:48There was always the hope, you know,
44:52hope of seeing my mother again.
44:54But one time we learned that mother won't come back.
44:58She was on one of those trains that were directly to the gas chamber.
45:04She was pregnant.
45:07The longing for my mother, it simply dissolved into sadness.
45:16It's very, very, very, very painful.
45:51In his camp, Marian Zobkowiak met members of the German underground.
46:19Much of Poland lay in ruins.
46:22Now it was Gustav Hintz's turn to do forced labor.
46:31Now it's now turned around so that the Poles didn't work for us,
46:36but the Germans have to work for the Poles.
46:52In 1957, Gustav Hinz was allowed to emigrate to West Germany.
46:57He was received in a camp in Friedland.
47:10I would say that in a certain sense, they were humiliated and wounded,
47:15because Germany lost the war.
47:18I had a very different feeling.
47:21I was happy that Germany lost the war.
47:26Because so much pain has brought up to the end of the war.
47:32I was happy that Germany lost the war.
47:37If you enjoyed this documentary, head to SBS On Demand anytime
47:42for over 250 documentaries to keep you informed.
47:55To be continued...
47:58To be continued...
48:00To be continued...
48:02To be continued...
48:02To be continued...