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Alergia Um mal invisível que afeta Milhões de brasileiros Check-up Saúde
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00:00Hello, good morning.
00:03Our health check-up is now starting,
00:05a program that puts you face-to-face
00:06with the greatest health experts in Espírito Santo.
00:12Oh, there's nothing like the outdoors, huh?
00:15Walking around without staying indoors all the time, you know?
00:18Whether for a daily commitment or even for leisure time.
00:22Fresh air is essential, you know?
00:24In the fight against respiratory diseases
00:27that are so common at this time of year here in the federal district.
00:31Guys, Camilla's family, little Mateus, her little boy,
00:35has suffered from bronchitis since he was little.
00:38Here comes the coughing and sneezing.
00:42He was diagnosed with asthmatic bronchitis when he was 2 years old.
00:45So, when this weather arrives, it's time for it to attack.
00:49At home, we take extra care during the cold weather.
00:52In this case, we keep everything open, you know?
00:55You know how to put on some fresh air, right?
00:57He even has recipes, all nice so you can pick them up at the health center right away.
01:01Because since it attacks all the time, I have to be prepared.
01:04We try as much as possible to keep the window open
01:07and other things open so that the room is always well ventilated, right?
01:11To avoid catching these diseases.
01:14But our specialist, the pulmonologist, Dr. Alfredo,
01:17explains that climate issues do not interfere much
01:20with respiratory and viral diseases.
01:26There are differences between viral syndromes and problems related to the climate
01:30and also those that involve some type of allergy.
01:33In colder environments, you tend to stay more indoors and get closer together.
01:37And this facilitates the transmission of the virus,
01:40but not so much the temperature itself.
01:42It is more the fact that when you have a very hot environment,
01:45you tend to keep the window and door open to ventilate, right?
01:48To reduce the heat and this facilitates this by ventilating the environment,
01:52you reduce viral transmission.
01:54In colder environments,
01:56you tend to keep the door and window closed more to protect yourself.
01:59People stay closer together and this proximity facilitates the transmission of the virus, right?
02:05This class was already expected
02:07because of the seasonality of respiratory diseases
02:10that usually occur between January and June.
02:14Diseases can be caused by various microorganisms,
02:17such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
02:22The consequences are respiratory tract infections,
02:25such as flu and colds, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis.
02:30At Camilla's house, they take great care, you know?
02:33There is no air conditioning fan,
02:35and it's not possible to have one, especially because of him.
02:38Coats are also not suitable for him,
02:40because they can also attack him.
02:41Do you think that cold weather after a shower, you know?
02:45Walking barefoot at home,
02:46with the window open all the time,
02:48sleeping with wet hair,
02:49do these factors make the situation worse?
02:52No, they have no influence on these viral conditions.
02:56What can happen is that the person already has a respiratory allergy problem,
03:00and these changes in temperature can make it worse,
03:03and the symptoms of these allergic conditions can be more likely.
03:07So, it's very common for patients to come to the doctor's office
03:11saying they have recurrent sinusitis or recurrent pneumonia.
03:14And when we investigate this sinusitis properly,
03:16it's not bacterial sinusitis,
03:18it's a recurrent allergic condition.
03:20Pneumonia is a condition of recurrent bronchitis.
03:23So, these allergic conditions, sometimes airborne,
03:26both rhinitis and bronchitis,
03:28are most often triggered by temperature fluctuations.
03:32And sometimes this can confuse a case of natitis or bronchitis
03:36with the flu, pneumonia or sinusitis.
03:40But in relation specifically to infectious diseases,
03:43these changes in temperature, like this,
03:45have nothing to do with the flu,
03:46they have nothing to do with rhinitis or bronchitis, or asthma.
03:50The vaccination campaign is also essential, people.
03:54You have to get vaccinated against the flu.
03:56Mateus has already made sure he gets it so he doesn't have to suffer.
04:00Everything is up to date.
04:01His vaccination card is up to date.
04:03He needs to take it to avoid the flu.
04:05We have to remember that other viruses,
04:07especially influenza and COVID,
04:09also tend to increase during this period.
04:12And to try to reduce these,
04:14especially the number of hospitalizations,
04:16which are the most serious cases of these viral respiratory diseases,
04:20it is important to remember to get vaccinated
04:22and follow the Ministry of Health's recommendations regarding vaccination,
04:25keeping the vaccination schedule up to date.
04:35Welcome to Checkup Saad.
04:37Did you know that 30% of the Brazilian population has some type of allergy?
04:42There are approximately 61 million people living with allergic reactions in Brazil.
04:47And the number is growing.
04:5020% of children are already allergic
04:52and up to 8% of children under 2 years old may have food allergies.
04:58In addition, 12% of Brazilians have already had allergies to medications.
05:04To better explain the causes, symptoms, and treatments of allergies,
05:08today we will commend specialist Dr. Giuliano Le.
05:12Welcome, doctor.
05:13Thank you, Alice.
05:15So let's start by clarifying the basics, right, Dr. Giuliano?
05:20After all, what is an allergy?
05:24So, an allergy is a state of hyperreactivity of the body, as a whole,
05:28talking about the airways.
05:31It is a hyperreactivity of the mucosa of the upper airways,
05:34nasal and sinuses,
05:36and also in the lower airways,
05:37when it manifests with bronchitis, asthma,
05:40but it is also a state of global hyperactivity of the organism,
05:43which we call a topi, in general.
05:46And doctor, why is it so common, right?
05:49We see this data, it is even frightening, especially in children.
05:54What explains this?
05:57Yes, this explanation is because allergies really come from a state of an exacerbated reaction of the organism
06:03to contact with some substance that we call an allergen.
06:08So, in this way, when we have contact,
06:11whether through food, through breathing, or even through skin contact,
06:15the organism reacts to the presence of this substance.
06:17These are specific reactions to specific reactions.
06:21So, it is really quite common for this to occur.
06:25And doctor, how do we differentiate the symptoms of an allergy, a cold or the flu, right?
06:31Many people arrive at work, arrive at school, and know,
06:35look, they don't have the flu, it's just an allergy.
06:38How do we actually say that it is an allergy?
06:42Yes, when an allergic reaction occurs in the respiratory tract,
06:46it can be confused with the flu or a cold.
06:49A cold is usually a milder condition, more viral in origin and contagious.
06:55We catch it from someone.
06:57The flu is a slightly more pronounced condition,
07:00which has slightly more important symptoms and is also contagious.
07:04As for the allergic symptom of the respiratory tract,
07:07it is not contagious and, as I said before,
07:10it comes from contact with a substance, through breathing,
07:13some dust, some particle suspended in the air,
07:16or also due to climate change, temperature variation.
07:21In practice, when we have an allergic attack,
07:24it is usually milder symptoms of obstruction, secretion,
07:27which simulate a cold, but there is usually no fever.
07:33And the patient also realizes that the symptoms started
07:36from a certain event where the contact occurred.
07:39I visited a construction site,
07:41I went to a place that smelled of mold
07:43or the weather changed yesterday or today
07:45or I came into contact with a food or a substance
07:48and that is when the symptoms started.
07:50So it is very common for symptoms to start
07:52after contact with a certain substance.
07:54Now, it is curious, right,
07:56that there are people who have allergies every day,
07:59wake up in the morning with a runny nose,
08:00and by 10 or 11 o'clock it gets better.
08:03Could this change in temperature
08:04be because they were sleeping?
08:06Is this common?
08:07The person should investigate and be concerned,
08:09or is it normal to have an allergic condition
08:12that they live with throughout their life?
08:13It is extremely common there.
08:15If the allergy is, in fact, genetically transmitted,
08:19then it is in a way hereditary.
08:21The allergic trait, once allergic,
08:23especially when it comes to mucous membranes,
08:25the respiratory tract, is a perennial condition.
08:28It is a condition that has no cure.
08:30We can control allergies,
08:32we can live with them comfortably,
08:34uh, reduce the intensity and discomfort during attacks,
08:38but it is really a condition
08:39that is specific to that person.
08:42So, occasionally in the room where they sleep
08:44there may be a situation that causes allergies.
08:47It is very common in the bedroom
08:49to have curtains near the bed made of fabric
08:51that collects dust and allergens,
08:53such as mattresses, pillows, stuffed animals,
08:57cushions, rugs.
08:58Everything in the room where the person is sleeping
09:01can cause an allergic reaction.
09:03And if it is present, it will cause the reaction,
09:05in a way, every day, or quite frequently.
09:08So, the first step for this person you mentioned,
09:11in this example you gave,
09:12is to really treat the environment.
09:14It is to pay attention to what is in the room
09:16where the person sleeps
09:17that can be triggering the allergic reaction,
09:19to really eliminate it
09:21and the person can have a more comfortable life.
09:23So, take advantage of it, folks,
09:25since it is Sunday,
09:26to clean the house,
09:27look at what can be causing allergies in your family.
09:30But we want to know,
09:31there are risk factors
09:32that increase the chance of a person being allergic.
09:36The doctor just talked about genetics.
09:39We can pass this from father to son,
09:41but what other factors can explain it?
09:44Yes, the main risk factor is really genetics.
09:48Allergies come from this situation.
09:49So, children of allergic parents
09:52have a high chance of having allergies.
09:54It's a family heritage,
09:55and they have a high chance of having allergies too.
09:58What changes day by day, naturally,
10:01is the intensity of the symptoms,
10:03the topography,
10:04and how the allergy manifests itself.
10:06As I said before,
10:07it's on the skin,
10:08it's itching,
10:09it's redness,
10:10it's coughing when it's in the lower airways,
10:12shortness of breath or nasal obstruction.
10:14Nasal secretion when it's in the upper airways
10:17is all at the same time.
10:19This is a bit dynamic,
10:20it varies according to age.
10:22Naturally,
10:23children suffer a bit more
10:25because their immune system is less mature.
10:28They are gradually coming into contact
10:30with substances that are new to the immune system.
10:34So, all of this is part of a certain maturation
10:37and naturally the tendency is that
10:39as the person grows older,
10:40the symptoms become less and less important,
10:43and the person gets used to it,
10:45learning to live with it,
10:46to avoid certain things
10:47and manages to have a very comfortable life.
10:50So, we talk about avoiding, right?
10:52When we talk about cleaning a curtain
10:54or removing a rug,
10:55that's fine.
10:57But can people with allergies
10:58not have pets, doctor?
11:01This is a very broad discussion.
11:04Well, the presence of the animal
11:06depends on the type,
11:07but normally pets,
11:09right?
11:09A cat,
11:10a dog,
11:11or any other that is inside the house,
11:13naturally they will shed hair.
11:15That's the main problem.
11:18Hair is a vehicle for dust mites
11:20and other allergens
11:21that can trigger allergic attacks.
11:24The big problem is when this little animal
11:26enters the room where the person sleeps.
11:29If it frequents the house,
11:30but somehow doesn't enter the room
11:32where the person sleeps,
11:34the problem is much smaller, okay?
11:37But yes,
11:38the animal can have some responsibility
11:39for these symptoms.
11:42Of course,
11:43it's not the only one responsible.
11:45There are also many things in the air
11:47that we end up breathing.
11:48There are climate changes,
11:49there are other elements inside the house,
11:52for example,
11:52people who smoke,
11:54sometimes a neighbor who smokes
11:55on the floor below
11:56or in the house next door.
11:58So,
11:58all of this will have implications.
12:00It's not just the pet
12:01that is left out of the story,
12:03no.
12:03That's
12:04a relief,
12:05right?
12:06For families who want their pet
12:07without giving up their health.
12:09We have questions from the public.
12:11My name is Sophia.
12:12I have allergic rhinitis.
12:14Is there a way to cure it
12:15or just control it?
12:17Very good,
12:18great question.
12:19Well,
12:19as I said before,
12:20allergic rhinitis
12:21is a perennial condition,
12:23it's a condition of the mucous membrane
12:25and this will not change throughout life.
12:28It's really hard for us to find a cure,
12:30but control is relatively simple,
12:32with medical advice,
12:34with adequate treatment of the environment,
12:36the person frequents
12:37and even prevention of crises.
12:40It's possible to have a very comfortable life.
12:43That's the good news.
12:44Allergic rhinitis,
12:45sinusitis,
12:46deviated septum.
12:48These are different things,
12:49and so we want to know from Dr. Giuliano,
12:52how to know what I have
12:53and the difference between them.
12:56Well,
12:58allergic rhinitis is a hyperreactive condition
13:00of the mucous membrane,
13:01the respiratory system,
13:03and the upper respiratory tract,
13:05which causes flare-ups,
13:06mainly of nasal congestion and secretion
13:09when in contact with specific substances
13:11or changes in the weather.
13:14Sinusitis is an infectious,
13:16inflammatory condition,
13:17a little more serious,
13:19which can be the evolution
13:20of an allergic rhinitis flare-up.
13:22If an allergic flare-up lasts for a long time,
13:25it can evolve into an infectious sinusitis,
13:27with the secretion that has been stuck there
13:29and not been properly removed for a long time.
13:32The bacteria that are there,
13:34which are normal in the mucous membrane,
13:37end up becoming pathogenic
13:38and causing an infectious condition.
13:41This will need to be treated
13:42with a much more pronounced treatment,
13:44including antibiotics in most cases,
13:47and control to avoid these flare-ups frequently.
13:49The deviation is another anatomical situation,
13:53which is the shape of the structures inside the nose.
13:57Well, septic deviation itself
13:59causes a decrease in airflow,
14:01that is, it causes a frequent blocked nose,
14:04but it can also exacerbate allergic attacks,
14:07predisposing to allergic attacks
14:09and also sinusitis.
14:10So it not only causes the discomfort of a blocked nose,
14:13but it also predisposes to having more allergic attacks
14:16and more infectious attacks,
14:18which is sinusitis.
14:19The layman has no way of knowing
14:20if he has a deviated septum.
14:22It's not just having a crooked nose, right, doctor?
14:25What is a deviated septum?
14:26It has to be diagnosed by a professional.
14:28Yes, a deviated septum has nothing to do
14:31with the nasal pyramid being crooked or not.
14:33This is a condition that we call laterinia.
14:35It's a condition.
14:36Sometimes he says,
14:37oh, my nose looks crooked in the picture,
14:39I've been desiccating.
14:40In fact, one thing has nothing to do with the other.
14:42To identify whether he has allergic rhinitis,
14:45sinusitis or decevit C,
14:46he needs to see a professional,
14:48a doctor,
14:49a laryndologist who will perform an exam,
14:51a physical exam.
14:52Many times we can already make this distinction.
14:54Other times we have to resort to additional exams
14:57to make this distinction,
14:58which is not as simple as it seems.
15:00So, be careful, okay?
15:02With the opinion of a relative or Google,
15:04we really need to seek out an ENT professional.
15:07What are the most recommended treatments
15:09for respiratory allergies today, doctor?
15:12You said there is no cure.
15:13We are thinking about taking medication
15:15for the rest of our lives.
15:17What is that?
15:17What is modern?
15:18What new things do you have for us?
15:20Yes, today we have several treatment options
15:23seeking to control this,
15:25to prevent the crisis.
15:26And when a crisis occurs,
15:27it is also important to have a protocol
15:29to treat the crisis
15:30and prevent it from progressing to sinusitis,
15:33which I already said is very common,
15:35but today we use several situations
15:37to treat allergic rhinitis.
15:39Well, even a simple rinse with saline solution,
15:43especially for people who live in urban areas
15:45and end up breathing air
15:46that is a little more loaded with particles,
15:49when you make a habit of rinsing
15:50with saline solution every day,
15:52it greatly reduces the hyper-reactivity of the airways,
15:56but we can also use medications,
15:58whether nasal, sprays or installations,
16:01oral or creams.
16:04And we can also use immunotherapy,
16:06which is a situation in which we do a long-term treatment
16:09to desensitize the body,
16:11reduce this hyper-reactivity
16:13and thus prevent the occurrence of crises.
16:16Of course, all of this is selected according to protocols,
16:20specific cases and needs to be evaluated
16:23by a specialist doctor
16:24to be able to direct which treatment
16:26is most appropriate for that person,
16:28according to the characteristics of the allergy,
16:30the characteristics of the crises
16:32and how the crises impact that person's daily life.
16:36Doctor, now we like to give practical advice
16:38for those who are at home.
16:39Everyone here has washed their nose at some point,
16:42bought saline solution at the pharmacy,
16:44sometimes even makes the saline solution at home.
16:46We want to know what is right and what is wrong.
16:48What is the golden tip
16:50for performing a good nasal wash on a child,
16:52an adult or an elderly person?
16:54Well, nasal wash is a very beneficial situation for the airway.
16:59It should be done as a habit, as I said,
17:01in allergy patients,
17:03especially those who live in cities
17:04or who frequent environments with a lot of dust,
17:07with characteristic smells, etc.
17:09There are some things we should avoid.
17:11We should avoid excessive pressure,
17:13whether with any device,
17:15whether when doing it with a syringe,
17:17a squeeze bottle,
17:18or one that turns upside down.
17:20If you put pressure inside the nose,
17:22you are not doing it properly,
17:23it may be hindering more than helping.
17:26The volume, the more volume, the better,
17:28but it also cannot be so much
17:30that there is reflux to other regions.
17:32Well, the best thing to do
17:34is to do it with small volumes and low pressure,
17:36more frequently and especially during crises,
17:39when people like to wash to remove secretions,
17:42they say,
17:42Doctor, you have to apply pressure
17:44so that the secretions come out on the other side.
17:47This is a bit dangerous
17:49because it can interfere and spread
17:50to the upper respiratory tract,
17:52sinuses and even the ear.
17:55So it is not very appropriate,
17:57especially when we feel our nose is blocked,
17:59to wash with a lot of pressure,
18:01but saline solution is the most appropriate.
18:04The temperature has to be room temperature
18:06or close to our body temperature
18:08and the frequency is what should be high,
18:10not the amount of saline solution
18:12or the pressure we apply.
18:22Throughout life,
18:23it is common to discover at some point
18:25that you have an allergy.
18:27Respiratory allergies, for example,
18:29are very common.
18:30Allergies to dust, mold, mites.
18:33When it comes to food,
18:35seafood is often the villain,
18:37but Susanna's son developed an allergy
18:39to chicken eggs right away.
18:42I gave him an omelette
18:43that I made for him with great care
18:45and I saw that he was eating it really well.
18:47I was happy that he was accepting it
18:49because he wasn't accepting everything.
18:53But then he ate it with such a good mouth,
18:55but when I looked,
18:56he was all red around his mouth
18:57and on his little body.
19:01And then I got scared
19:02and realized that something was wrong.
19:05And guys, eggs,
19:06in addition to being very present in meals,
19:09are also an ingredient in many recipes
19:11and processed products,
19:13such as pasta, cakes and cookies.
19:16I take great care not to buy anything
19:18that contains eggs.
19:20I have to go to the supermarket
19:21and always check the label.
19:23I have to be careful there.
19:25For allergy sufferers,
19:26it contains eggs,
19:27it is a food that is not in my cart.
19:30So I avoid as much as possible
19:32bread and cookies that contain eggs.
19:36And then,
19:37we have to be careful too.
19:38When people from outside offer us,
19:40right?
19:41A cookie from a colleague,
19:42a friend at the playground,
19:43or even an inattentive family member
19:45who does not have this routine with him,
19:47right?
19:49Sometimes they want to offer him something tasty,
19:51but it contains eggs.
19:52So,
19:53we have to be alert all the time.
19:54And to make matters worse,
19:56sometimes the danger is where we least expect it.
19:59Sometimes it happens that my father
20:01or I eat something that contains eggs
20:02and we give him a little kiss,
20:04and it gives him a little red dot right there.
20:06He has some kind of reaction.
20:09So we have to be careful.
20:11Let's introduce this group of kids to you.
20:14Look,
20:14the little one in orange is Josue,
20:16who developed allergies.
20:19And the oldest is Joao,
20:21Susana's oldest son.
20:24Now,
20:25look how cool it is.
20:26Even though Joao doesn't have any allergies,
20:28he not only understands the difficulties
20:30his little brother has,
20:31but also helps to make sure
20:32he doesn't eat anything that's bad for him.
20:36In addition to eggs,
20:37Josue also had an allergy to cow's milk.
20:41With the help of medical care,
20:42he overcame his problems with milk
20:44and Susana is hopeful
20:45that he will soon be able to eat eggs too.
20:49We heard from the doctor herself
20:50that at the age of two,
20:52there can be a very crucial change.
20:55When a child turns two,
20:56their body goes through a lot of changes.
21:00So,
21:01it could be that he has acquired a resistance to that food
21:03and can eat it normally.
21:06According to the World Health Organization,
21:08at least three out of every 10 Brazilians
21:10have some type of allergy.
21:12Milena is a doctor
21:13and has specialized in the subject for 14 years.
21:16She explains that in the case of food allergies,
21:19the first step in treatment is usually diet.
21:23patient with an allergy is at risk of death
21:26and can develop a more severe reaction
21:28if he continues to insist on not eating that food
21:30or coming into contact with the allergen.
21:33There are patients who are severely intolerant,
21:35who have many symptoms,
21:36but they will not die because of it.
21:38Okay,
21:38if they are allergic,
21:40no.
21:40So,
21:41in both cases,
21:42the treatment is diet.
21:43Of course,
21:44we need to understand
21:45because in the case of lactose,
21:47the diet will be lactose-free,
21:48without sugar.
21:49In the case of an allergy to milk protein,
21:52it will be a diet without milk protein.
21:54So,
21:55I will have to try a vegetable protein,
21:57for example.
21:58And look at this good news for Susanna.
22:00According to Dr. Milena,
22:02the chances of allergies improving
22:04are actually greater
22:05when they develop in childhood.
22:16Guys,
22:17in the next section,
22:18we will talk about allergies
22:19and myths and truths again.
22:21It will be in a little while.
22:22Stay tuned,
22:23because the break is quick.
22:37We are back with the health checkup.
22:39Now we will find out what is myth
22:41and what is truth
22:42when it comes to allergies.
22:44Doctor,
22:45tell us,
22:46people with allergies
22:46cannot get vaccinated.
22:48Myth or truth?
22:49It is a myth.
22:51Yes,
22:51vaccination is very beneficial.
22:53Of course,
22:54people with allergies
22:55have to seek medical advice,
22:57but they can get vaccinated.
22:59Doctor,
23:00do most children's allergies
23:02to eggs and milk
23:03disappear over time?
23:04Myth or truth?
23:06That is true.
23:08In most cases,
23:09children's allergies
23:10to milk and eggs
23:11disappear over time,
23:12because the immune system
23:13matures and reduces
23:14this hyper-reactivity.
23:17Guys,
23:18the health department
23:19informs that the entry point
23:20for the population
23:21affected by allergies
23:22is the basic health units
23:24in the municipalities.
23:26As needed,
23:27the patient will be referred
23:28for specialized care.
23:31We'll leave it at that.
23:33Have a wonderful Sunday
23:34and we appreciate
23:35Dr. Giuliano's explanations.
23:37Thank you,
23:38Doctor.
23:38Thank you,
23:39Alice.
23:39It's a pleasure
23:40to be here with you.
23:41You can also watch
23:42our program on
23:43Fulia Vitoria's YouTube channel.
23:44And there's more next week.
23:46Check out
23:47at 10.30.
23:48I'll be waiting for you.
23:49to be here with you.