- 3 hours ago
Black holes can be made on earth, what if it happened? If you ever wondered how black holes form, the answer could be right here on earth! ? what happens to a galaxy when a black hole releases jets of energy? Or what happens when you run into a black hole? You can find answers to these and other questions here!
Category
🎈
FunTranscript
00:01Dark, ever-hungry monsters live all across the universe.
00:06They're born when massive stars blast into space.
00:09Black holes, as heavy as Earth, are just as large as a ping-pong ball.
00:15They don't have a surface, but their gravity is so strong, even light can't escape it.
00:20Black holes don't have physical boundaries like a membrane either.
00:24The event horizon, which is closest to a typical boundary,
00:28is a threshold which, after passing, you can't get out.
00:32For a star, running into a black hole normally ends in a spectacular light show and its destruction.
00:40Just one star that astronomers know of managed to survive an encounter with a black hole as heavy as 400
00:47,000 suns.
00:49It happened in a galaxy about 250 million light-years away from Earth.
00:54Astronomers with really powerful equipment noticed bursts of X-rays that raged in space every nine hours.
01:02They thought they must be mayday signals from a star trapped by a cosmic abyss.
01:08The star was an average red giant when it met its new friend for the first time.
01:14When they got too close to each other, the hungry space monster couldn't resist the temptation and snacked on its
01:21guest.
01:21When it was done with the star's outer hydrogen layers, all that was left was the star's core.
01:28Eventually, the poor thing turned into a white dwarf.
01:32But for some reason, the giant space monster couldn't finish the meal and trapped it in its orbit for later
01:39instead.
01:40Ever since, the now white dwarf has been traveling in nine-hour laps.
01:45It stays far enough from the hole so it won't fall in or get swallowed.
01:49It's journey isn't going super smoothly.
01:53Because of gravity, the orbital path is constantly rotating.
01:57After two days, it resembles a spirograph pattern.
02:02As the black hole keeps snacking on it, the star keeps losing its mass and growing in size.
02:08Its own orbit is becoming more and more circular.
02:12Scientists believe, one day, it will be able to spiral away from its mean friend and turn into a planet
02:19the size of Jupiter in a trillion years.
02:22That's 70 times longer than the universe has existed so far.
02:26So, it might not ever happen.
02:30The Milky Way alone has hundreds of millions of black holes.
02:34And there are way more beyond it.
02:36They might feed on other stars and release them in other galaxies.
02:40The telescopes that exist now might not be strong enough to spot them.
02:46Most galaxies, including our Milky Way, have supermassive black holes at the center.
02:52They can be billions of times heavier than the Sun.
02:55Others of their kind are only three times the mass of the Sun.
02:59The nearest black hole to the Earth was spotted 1,000 light-years away, just around the corner in galactic
03:06terms.
03:06It's in a star system you can see with an unaided eye.
03:11Scientists found it when they noticed a star behaving weirdly.
03:15It was a giant, rotating like crazy.
03:18They guessed it must have a powerful gravitational companion.
03:22The hungriest black hole astronomers have spotted so far weighs as much as 34 billion Suns
03:29and is about six times bigger than the one at the center of the Milky Way.
03:34It eats the equivalent of one Sun every day.
03:39Sometimes, black holes even devour others of their kind that happen to be too close to them.
03:45Before you get on a spaceship to escape to some safe, no-black hole galaxy, here's some good news.
03:52Even though they're supermassive, they don't have a radius large enough to destroy Earth.
03:57And even the hungriest of them are safe to watch from a distance.
04:03No black hole should come closer to our planet than the Sun for as long as the universe has existed,
04:09multiplied by 10 billion times.
04:12In the unlikely case, one of these scary things passes by Neptune.
04:17It could affect the Earth's orbit.
04:19That would be no good.
04:22In theory, anything can turn into a black hole.
04:25The only difference between it and the Sun is the material their centers are made of.
04:30It's incredibly dense in those huge space monsters.
04:34In reality, there's just one known way to make a black hole.
04:38It has to be the gravitational collapse of a supermassive star,
04:4320 to 30 times the mass of the Sun.
04:46So, the Sun will never, ever become a black hole.
04:49If it happened, though, and the former star retained its mass,
04:54it would still have the same gravitational power.
04:57Earth would still keep going around it and wouldn't get pulled in.
05:01Its orbit would also remain as it is.
05:04The only huge problem would be the lack of sunlight.
05:08In reality, the Sun isn't massive enough for such a transformation
05:12and will eventually become a white dwarf.
05:16A black hole won't ever eat an entire galaxy for lunch.
05:20There are about 400 billion stars inside the Milky Way.
05:24Just around 0.1% of all the stars that will ever form
05:29will end up becoming black holes.
05:32The ever-hungry supermassive monster,
05:35located right in the middle of a galaxy,
05:37has an impressive gravitational reach.
05:40But even that wouldn't be enough.
05:42It has already eaten most of the stars that were close to it.
05:46It already weighs like a few million suns,
05:49so it can't grow much larger,
05:51even if it keeps snacking on sun-like stars.
05:55Galaxies will keep bumping into each other,
05:57and black holes will keep growing and merging.
06:00But because the universe is already huge and keeps expanding,
06:04these collisions and mergers won't go on forever.
06:08Black holes will travel this huge space like rogue stars.
06:12They won't even be able to eat the dark matter
06:15on the outskirts of galaxies.
06:17Eventually, all the black holes will perish,
06:20but that would be a long, long time from now.
06:25If you ever become a space explorer
06:27and travel far enough to meet a black hole
06:30and fall into one,
06:31your life won't instantly end.
06:34Instead, things will be way more complicated.
06:38The way you perceive space and time will change,
06:41and your reality will split in two.
06:43In one of them, you'd cease existing.
06:46In the other, you'd live and enter the hole unharmed.
06:50When you go deeper inside the hole,
06:53you'll notice space becoming curvier and curvier.
06:56At the center of the hole, it's infinitely curved.
07:00It's called singularity.
07:02Laws of physics based on the ideas of space and time
07:06don't have power here.
07:08In a large enough hole,
07:10millions of times more massive than the sun,
07:13things would go perfectly smoothly for you.
07:16And you'd just keep free-falling,
07:18feeling no gravity.
07:20You could just keep falling and falling
07:22in total emptiness until you reach singularity.
07:26You'd have no chance to move in the opposite direction.
07:29In there, space and time switch roles.
07:33Time is constantly pulling you forward on Earth,
07:36but figuratively,
07:37and it would be doing that quite physically inside the hole.
07:42In a smaller hole,
07:43the force of gravity would be stronger at your feet than your head.
07:47That's why you would go through spaghettification.
07:51This is how scientists call the process
07:53when you compress horizontally and stretch vertically like spaghetti
07:57because of crazy gravity of the black hole.
08:02Speaking of spaghetti,
08:04how are black holes like an Italian dinner?
08:06Because once you go pasta the event horizon,
08:10you get spaghettified.
08:11And since you're all by yourself,
08:13you'd be feeling cannelloni right now.
08:16Wow, now I'm hungry.
08:18Meanwhile,
08:19if you had a fellow space traveler
08:21who, for some reason,
08:23didn't end up in the black hole,
08:25it would look all different to them.
08:27They'd see you stretch and grow,
08:29like through a huge magnifying glass.
08:32The closer you get to the edge of the hole,
08:34the more it would seem like you're moving in slow motion.
08:37Then you'd freeze,
08:38and the flames would surround you.
08:40You'd be in two places at the same time,
08:43living different destinies.
08:45But there would still be just one copy of you.
08:48This is how black holes teach us nothing is real.
08:52Reality can be different to different people.
08:56Sometimes it's believed
08:57that we're all living inside a huge black hole.
09:00Everything in the universe started with the Big Bang.
09:04But there's a theory saying
09:05there was also something before that.
09:08It was a super-dense seed
09:10that had all the mass and energy
09:12of the universe concentrated in it,
09:15about as heavy as a billion suns.
09:17It was a trillion times smaller
09:20than any particle humans can observe.
09:22This seed could be born inside a black hole.
09:27If you believe there's more than one universe,
09:30black holes could also serve as doors
09:33between those universes.
09:34It could be like a root that two trees share.
09:39You can't see a black hole directly
09:41because it doesn't give off any light.
09:44Scientists used to be able to only spot them
09:46by what they were doing to their surroundings.
09:49When over 200 scientists around the world
09:52worked together,
09:53they managed to take the first pictures
09:56of that space oddity.
09:57The equipment they used,
09:59added together,
10:00would be the power of a telescope
10:02the size of Earth.
10:05Emergency lights are going off,
10:07sirens flaring,
10:08the spaceship is shaking like crazy,
10:11the cosmic darkness beyond the portholes
10:13is illuminated by pulsating flashes.
10:17The astronauts are strapping themselves in
10:19and looking at the screens,
10:21cold sweat breaking on their foreheads.
10:23Straight ahead,
10:25space is cut in half by a blinding beam.
10:28Nothing in the universe can stop it.
10:31It looks like a humongous airplane jet stream,
10:34millions of times more powerful
10:36than any jet could make.
10:38There's no way to go around it.
10:40The leader of the space expedition
10:42orders everyone to turn around immediately.
10:45That was a black hole jet,
10:47a real monster of space.
10:49The holes,
10:50like huge vacuum cleaners,
10:52swallow everything that falls
10:54beyond their event horizon,
10:56the boundary between space-time
10:58and the place where it disappears.
11:00If you find yourself close to this border,
11:03you're doomed.
11:04Even light can't escape the gravity of a black hole,
11:07and it's the fastest thing in the universe.
11:11The holes not only absorb matter,
11:13but also shoot jets into space.
11:16Mysterious beams thousands of light years long.
11:19There are no black monsters near the Earth.
11:22But let's imagine
11:24if one suddenly popped up close to the sun.
11:27The hole immediately starts devouring the star.
11:31Strong gravity pulls one side of the sun
11:34more than the other.
11:35The hole tears the sun into ribbons,
11:38eating it just as you would eat spaghetti off your plate.
11:43Physicists call this phenomenon
11:45spaghettification.
11:48When the monster's finished its meal,
11:50it hiccups,
11:51and, like laser swords,
11:54two jets cut our galaxy in half.
11:58Astronomers are observing a similar catastrophe right now,
12:02billions of light-years away from us.
12:04A black hole from the 3C321 system
12:08is bombarding a nearby galaxy
12:10with a jet of x-rays, gamma rays, and electrons
12:14accelerated to the speed of light.
12:17The onslaught has been going on for a million years,
12:20and we're lucky it's taking place at a safe distance.
12:23If a jet comes close to a planet similar to Earth,
12:27it'll vaporize the atmosphere and the ozone layer.
12:30All life on the surface will disappear.
12:33Only deep underground dwellers will survive.
12:37If a black hole does appear next to the sun, though,
12:40we won't live long enough to see the jet.
12:43The monster will absorb the energy of the star,
12:46and we'll simply lose all heat and light.
12:49The Earth will cool down,
12:51delving into eternal darkness.
12:54But, like anything else,
12:57jets can do good things, too.
12:59Light fertilizers helping crops to grow,
13:02the energy of the rays squeeze the space clouds,
13:05and new stars will be born from them.
13:08Imagine a drain in the bathroom
13:10through which water flows into a pipe.
13:12The water moves in a spiral,
13:15and some of it rotates around the hole.
13:17Now imagine that the black hole is the same drain,
13:21and instead of water,
13:22there's the stuff called plasma.
13:24It spins rapidly,
13:26gets magnetized,
13:27and collects into a huge accretion disk.
13:31Plasma starts to glow,
13:32and at some point,
13:33shoots two streams into space.
13:38The black hole V-404 Cygni lies 8,000 light-years away.
13:43It's like a firework display that weighs as much as 10 suns.
13:48The problem is,
13:49they forgot to install it securely,
13:52and the wick was prematurely set on fire.
13:55The hole is powered by gas from a nearby star.
13:59It provides infinite charges for the space fireworks.
14:03The V-404 Cygni jets don't just fire from the poles,
14:07but in every direction.
14:09A disk as wide as seven suns
14:11is spinning around the black hole.
14:14The inside of the disk is wobbling like a top
14:17that's about to stop spinning and fall.
14:19Scientists believe the wobbles and random shots
14:22are caused by distortions of the space-time continuum.
14:27Black holes are not the only ones
14:30who know how to put on a space show.
14:32Their main competitors are gamma-ray bursts.
14:36Science doesn't know exactly how they appear.
14:39Most likely, it's because of the decay of a huge star
14:43or the collision of neutron stars.
14:46Satellites record one gamma-ray burst every day,
14:50but at least 500 outbreaks occur in the universe
14:53within the same time period.
14:56An amateur astronomer first seeing the observable universe
15:00may feel like a movie star on the red carpet.
15:03Only, they'll be blinded not by the lights
15:06from the cameras of journalists and fans,
15:09but by constant gamma-ray bursts.
15:12If there is a flash near the Earth,
15:14our planet will feel like a candle in a snowstorm.
15:19Imagine that you live in the future
15:21and can take off on safe interstellar flights.
15:24On your spaceship,
15:26you fly to a planet that looks like Earth
15:28to see a gamma-ray burst with your own eyes.
15:31Your ship is cutting into outer space
15:34and landing on the planet in question.
15:36As soon as you step on its soil, though,
15:38you feel it.
15:40Every living thing in this world
15:41is waiting for something terrible to happen.
15:45Frightened birds are flying through the sky.
15:47Animals start running out of the forests
15:49and looking for shelter.
15:51The wind makes the leaves rustle,
15:54and it's like they're whispering to you,
15:56save yourself, get out of here.
15:58Then, the wind grows stronger
16:00and turns into a storm.
16:03A bright flash appears on the horizon.
16:06After a few seconds,
16:08the light intensifies.
16:10Someone huge has turned on space floodlights.
16:13Everything is lost.
16:15There is only light.
16:16As much energy is released in one second
16:19as our sun generates in 10 billion years.
16:24Ten seconds pass,
16:25and the show is over.
16:27However, the planet is moving through space,
16:29and the flash has only hit
16:31a part of its southern hemisphere.
16:33But that's enough for things to go badly.
16:36The gamma ray burst was a pretty short one,
16:39so it probably wouldn't have vaporized the oceans
16:42or blown away the atmosphere.
16:44But the ozone layer,
16:45which protects the planet
16:47from the rays of the nearest star
16:48and cosmic radiation,
16:50still disappears.
16:52All life in this world
16:54abruptly ends.
16:56The picture is terrible,
16:58but there's no need for us to panic just yet.
17:01Scientists believe the probability
17:03of a similar catastrophe on our planet
17:05is zero.
17:07But the Earth hasn't always been so lucky.
17:10The Ordovician extinction occurred 450 million years ago.
17:16Perhaps a gamma ray burst was to blame.
17:20Its epicenter was 6,000 light years away from Earth.
17:24Harmful UV light hit the planet's surface,
17:27reducing the ozone layer by 40%.
17:30More than half the plants and animals disappeared.
17:34But life continued to develop,
17:36and after 200 million years,
17:39dinosaurs began roaming the planet.
17:43Eta Carina is a hypergiant double star.
17:47It's almost 200 times heavier than the sun,
17:50and in 10 seconds,
17:51it emits as much light as the sun in a year.
17:56It's as far as 7,500 light years away from Earth.
17:59But in 1843,
18:02dwellers of our planet
18:03saw it in the night sky without telescopes.
18:07This was possible thanks to an explosion.
18:11These beautiful clouds of gas and dust
18:13are the consequences of those events.
18:15We can say these are huge ruins of a star,
18:19but they look cool.
18:22Over the next 1 million years,
18:25Eta Carina will continue exploding
18:28and form a gamma ray burst.
18:31But even here, humanity needn't worry.
18:34The direction of the gas clouds
18:36indicates that the future burst beams
18:39won't hit the Earth.
18:41Our planet is under siege.
18:43Right now, 30 million space objects
18:47varying in size from a grain of sand
18:49to a car are flying towards the Earth.
18:52But our atmosphere burns all border violators.
18:57Scientists are constantly monitoring space,
19:00and they haven't found a single space rock
19:03potentially hazardous for humanity.
19:05But this doesn't mean it doesn't exist.
19:08A huge asteroid arrives to Earth
19:11once every 2 million years
19:13on average.
19:15Here are the surfaces of the Moon,
19:18Mars, and Mercury.
19:20Craters cover them like cheese holes.
19:23These are the tracks of asteroids
19:25that have been bombarding their surface
19:27for millions of years.
19:30An atmosphere is an excellent barrier
19:33against the rock shower from the skies.
19:35But every year,
19:37around 500 large objects
19:39still make their way through it.
19:41Most of them fall into the ocean
19:43or sparsely populated areas
19:45and remain unknown.
19:48Geological activity continues on the planet.
19:51The continents move,
19:53mountains rise and fall.
19:55As you watch this video,
19:56the landscape of the Earth
19:58is changing.
19:59All of this erases all traces of meteorites
20:03that have fallen on the planet.
20:06Somewhere,
20:07deep underground in super-secret laboratories,
20:11scientists are trying to create
20:12a black hole.
20:13It looks like the latest experiment
20:16was a success.
20:17The black hole hovers above the desk
20:19for a moment,
20:20but then,
20:21in a split second,
20:22it swallows it whole.
20:24Uh-oh.
20:25After its meal,
20:26the black hole grows
20:28until it is out of control.
20:30Microscopes and test tubes
20:31fly into the dark void.
20:34Soon,
20:34everything in the room
20:35has been consumed.
20:36Each time it eats,
20:38it grows bigger and bigger
20:39and attracts even larger objects.
20:42On the surface,
20:43people go about their day as usual.
20:46Some joggers stop their run
20:47when they see a giant black sphere
20:49growing in the distance.
20:51Houses are torn from their foundations
20:53and cars fly through the air
20:55towards the black abyss.
20:57In just a few minutes,
20:59the black hole has enveloped
21:01our entire planet.
21:02Then it grows big enough
21:03to consume the Moon and Mars.
21:06The black hole is now heavier
21:07than anything in our solar system.
21:09All of the planets
21:11begin to circle it
21:12before becoming food
21:13for the monster.
21:15Finally,
21:15even the Sun is extinguished
21:17in the belly of the beast.
21:20Well,
21:21that was pretty bleak.
21:22Eh,
21:23don't worry.
21:23This isn't how the scenario
21:25would play out in real life.
21:26Our scientists may actually
21:28be capable of creating
21:29a black hole,
21:30but it's far safer than this.
21:33The effort to make a black hole
21:34is led by the scientists
21:36working in Geneva
21:37on something called
21:38the Large Hadron Collider.
21:40This machine basically
21:41makes particles move
21:43at high speeds
21:44until they collide.
21:45When this happens,
21:46they release a lot of energy
21:47and create a lot of
21:49interesting effects.
21:51Scientists think that
21:52energy released by
21:53these collisions
21:54might be enough
21:55to create a black hole.
21:57Some people were so worried
21:58by this
21:59that they even tried
22:00to ban the construction
22:01of the Large Hadron Collider.
22:03Luckily,
22:04if a black hole did appear,
22:06it would be so small
22:07that it wouldn't be able
22:09to do anything.
22:10Black holes actually
22:11produce a lot of energy
22:12and release it,
22:13often as heat
22:14like a furnace.
22:15That means
22:16that they will fade away
22:17when they run out of fuel.
22:19If one appeared
22:20in the experiment,
22:21it would instantly burn out
22:23and disappear
22:23in a billionth of a second.
22:26Even if a stable,
22:28microscopic black hole
22:29was created,
22:30it would grow so slowly
22:32that nothing would happen.
22:33Assuming that it survived
22:35long enough
22:35to absorb the tiny particles
22:37around it,
22:38a black hole of this size
22:40would take about
22:40half a trillion years
22:42to gain a pound of weight.
22:44Black holes could actually
22:46be really useful.
22:47One with the mass
22:48of Mount Everest
22:49would emit enough energy
22:50to completely power humanity.
22:53Even better,
22:54black holes are so dense
22:55that the one this big
22:57would only take up
22:58a tiny bit of space.
22:59We couldn't create
23:01anything as enormous
23:02as the naturally occurring
23:04black holes, though.
23:05Some can weigh hundreds
23:06of thousands of times
23:08as much as our sun.
23:10Recently,
23:11scientists have observed
23:12a real black hole feast.
23:14The sight of a black hole
23:15tearing an enormous star apart
23:17is one of the most
23:18mesmerizing sights
23:20in the universe.
23:21Heavier and more destructive
23:22than anything else
23:24in existence,
23:24the black hole
23:25is both amazing
23:26and terrifying.
23:27And black holes
23:30aren't actually black at all.
23:32They're so massive
23:33that even light
23:34can't escape their pull,
23:35meaning that they're
23:36actually invisible.
23:38Scientists can only find them
23:39with special instruments.
23:42Most natural black holes
23:44are born as stars
23:45reach the end
23:46of their lifespan.
23:47You can picture
23:48healthy stars
23:48as giant furnaces
23:50that burn hydrogen
23:51and give off
23:52unbelievable amounts
23:53of energy.
23:54Every second,
23:56stars like our sun
23:57produce more energy
23:58than humanity
23:59has ever produced,
24:00which pushes outwards
24:01and makes it want
24:02to expand.
24:03This is what eventually
24:05finds its way to Earth
24:06as the heat
24:07that birthed life
24:08on our planet.
24:09The only thing
24:10stopping this expansion
24:12is gravity,
24:13a force that basically
24:14just pulls objects
24:15toward something heavy.
24:16Most people know
24:17gravity is something
24:18that keeps us planted
24:19to the ground
24:20and stops us
24:21from flying off
24:22into space.
24:23The force of gravity
24:25of a star
24:25is so strong on stars
24:27that it makes them
24:28want to implode in
24:29on themselves.
24:31So, when a star
24:32is healthy,
24:33the force of gravity
24:34pushes inwards
24:35and the energy it releases
24:36tries to inflate it
24:38like a balloon.
24:39These forces mostly
24:40cancel each other out
24:41and stop it
24:42from doing much at all.
24:44When a star burns
24:45through its fuel, though,
24:46nothing is pushing outwards
24:48to stop it
24:48from collapsing
24:49in on itself.
24:51Some really big stars
24:52make so much energy
24:54that they gradually
24:55expand into something
24:56called a red giant.
24:58When they run out of fuel,
24:59they cool,
25:00and gravity pushes
25:01the enormous object
25:02into a tiny space.
25:05Scientists use our sun
25:06to measure
25:07how big things
25:08in space are.
25:09Our sun weighs
25:10one solar mass.
25:11If a light star,
25:13like our sun,
25:14implodes,
25:15not much happens,
25:16which is lucky
25:17if you've ever worried
25:18about being swallowed up
25:19into a black hole.
25:20If a red giant
25:22around 10 solar masses
25:23implodes, though,
25:25some incredible things
25:26can happen.
25:27The collapse of one of these
25:28is so intense
25:29that it explodes
25:31into a supernova,
25:32releasing a light
25:33as bright
25:34as the entire galaxy.
25:36Stars that are massive enough
25:37to produce supernovas
25:39sometimes become black holes.
25:41Their weight
25:42causes gravity
25:43to push down
25:44and compact them
25:45until they collapse
25:46into a black hole
25:47in less than a second.
25:50The inside of a black hole
25:52is mysterious
25:52and unexplored
25:54for obvious reasons.
25:55One thing we do know
25:57is that they're so massive
25:58that they can even
26:00distort time.
26:01One second near
26:02the black disk
26:03can be equal to weeks
26:04or even months
26:05on Earth,
26:06depending on its size.
26:08In 2019,
26:10scientists watched
26:10a black hole
26:11devour a star
26:13the size of our sun.
26:14Even though
26:15it was 860,000 miles wide,
26:18the star
26:19was completely trapped
26:20in the black hole's
26:21gravitational field.
26:22For a while,
26:23they danced around
26:24each other,
26:25gradually coming
26:26closer and closer.
26:27Eventually, though,
26:28the star was extinguished
26:30in the invisible mouth
26:31of the black hole.
26:33The black hole
26:34sometimes releases
26:35beams of energy
26:36into space.
26:37Sizzling plasma
26:38flies out
26:39at 6,200 miles
26:41per second
26:42as the black hole
26:43finishes destroying
26:44the star.
26:45About half of the star's
26:46mass is consumed
26:47while the rest
26:48is ejected
26:49into space.
26:51Incredibly,
26:52these insatiable
26:53titans even consume
26:55other black holes
26:56when they get big enough.
26:57The collision of
26:58two black holes
26:59was recently witnessed
27:00by scientists
27:01when one,
27:02weighing in at
27:0385 solar masses,
27:05met another
27:06that was
27:0666 solar masses.
27:08When black holes
27:10interact,
27:10the bigger one
27:11always swallows
27:12the smaller,
27:13adding even more
27:14mass to itself.
27:15The resulting
27:16black hole here
27:17reached 142
27:19solar masses big.
27:21It's hard to believe,
27:23but this is still
27:24very small
27:24for a black hole.
27:26It will continue
27:27to consume
27:27everything around it
27:28and might even
27:29reach the size
27:31of a supermassive
27:32black hole
27:32at some point.
27:33These are
27:34unbelievably big
27:35and destructive.
27:36Our entire galaxy,
27:39the Milky Way,
27:40rotates around
27:41the gravitational field
27:42of one of these
27:43supermassive black holes.
27:44This monster
27:45weighs around
27:464 million solar masses
27:48or more than
27:49a trillion times
27:50our planet.
27:51And that isn't
27:52even the biggest
27:53they get.
27:54It's also theorized
27:56that black holes
27:56can be made
27:57without a dramatic
27:58explosion.
27:59Big gas clouds
28:01that weigh hundreds
28:01of thousands
28:02of solar masses
28:03could condense
28:04under the force
28:05of their gravity
28:06to make a star.
28:07This object
28:08would already
28:09be so heavy
28:10that it would
28:11continue to compact
28:12until it became
28:13a black hole,
28:14skipping the
28:15supernova stage.
28:18Supermassive black holes
28:19are so far away
28:20and hard to observe
28:21that scientists
28:22don't have a full
28:23understanding of them yet.
28:25We don't know much
28:26about what happens
28:27inside a black hole,
28:28leading to a lot
28:29of speculation.
28:31For decades,
28:32people have theorized
28:33about how we could
28:34use black holes.
28:36Knowing that black holes
28:37distort time
28:38means that someone
28:39could use it
28:40to travel to the future
28:41with the right technology.
28:42If it was possible
28:44to build a ship
28:45strong enough
28:45to withstand
28:46the powerful
28:47gravitational fields,
28:48it would be simple.
28:50All they would need
28:51to do is decide
28:52how far they want
28:53to go and fly around
28:54the outside
28:55of the black hole.
28:56In the few minutes
28:57or hours
28:58they spent near
28:59the time warp,
29:00years could have
29:01passed back on Earth.
29:02They could be
29:03thousands of years old
29:04without having aged
29:06at all physically.
29:07Wow,
29:08that's officially
29:09a mind blower.
29:10to the salve,
29:10there are
29:10May
29:11are
29:11Maybe
29:11Assembly,
29:11in the
29:11corner,
29:11maybe