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Arms dealing may be one of history’s darkest professions, and this episode traces how it grew from a low-volume trade into a global industry. From early firearms sales by the Portuguese and Dutch to the Industrial Revolution’s explosion of private weapons manufacturers in Britain, the story follows the rise of mass production, empire, and profit.

The video also dives into the world of Basil Zaharoff, the famously unscrupulous salesman who moved between Greece, London, Cyprus, and the highest circles of power. Along the way, it covers Thorsten Nordenfelt, the first torpedo-bearing submarine, the Maxim gun, and the ruthless competition that shaped the Victorian arms trade and the lead-up to the Great War.

Created for viewers interested in military history, Victorian history, industrial-era business, and historical documentary-style storytelling. It’s a sharp, darkly comic look at arms dealers, weapons manufacturing, imperial trade, and the men who helped fuel modern warfare.

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Learning
Transcript
00:00Among the numerous ways one can make a living, dealing in arms, aside from legs and ears, of course, is,
00:07well, definitely one way to go about it.
00:11Naturally, there's little good to be said about a merchant of death, but it was without a doubt an eventful
00:17profession, which is why you see it such a popular trope in fiction.
00:21But how did being an arms dealer come about, and what was it actually like?
00:26Well, weapons have been sold since practically forever.
00:30Get your caveman clubs, one for a rock, two for a saber tooth.
00:35But prior to industrialization, arms dealing was a very low-volume affair.
00:40Guns were hard to make and expensive, so there just weren't that many to go round.
00:46I mean, of course, they were still traded.
00:48The Portuguese and the Dutch, our usual suspects, had been selling a couple of thousand firearms here and there since
00:54the 16th century.
00:56And yet, arms dealing didn't really take off until the Industrial Revolution.
01:00And that leads us, as always, to our dear Great Britain.
01:06Hmm, yes.
01:07From the 1850s onwards, we see a veritable explosion in the number of private weapons manufacturers.
01:13Chief among them were the Armstrong, Nordenfeldt, and Maxim companies, which combined innovation with mass production to deadly results.
01:23Their biggest client was, of course, the Crown.
01:26What with empire building and all that, yet beyond Her Majesty's arsenal, pardon the expression, there were more than a
01:32few eager customers.
01:34Obviously, selling weapons to rival powers like France or Germany was a no bueno, or however you say it.
01:42But, oh, look, there's a rebellion in China.
01:45Oh, and the Japanese are fighting the Russians.
01:48So, unfortunately, for humanity in general, the late 19th and early 20th centuries provided ample demand for weapons, and the
01:58rising British arms industry was more than happy to oblige.
02:02Its agents were unscrupulous men, and none was more unscrupulous than Basil Zahirov.
02:09Originally from Greece, he toured the world pretending to be a Russian aristocrat.
02:15It charmed his way into the global elite, managing, among other things, to plunder a railroad company in St. Louis,
02:23and to marry one of the wealthiest bachelorettes in Philadelphia.
02:27Then, in the wake of the glorious British conquest of, um, I mean liberation of Cyprus, where Zahirov happened to
02:36be staying at the time,
02:38he found a lucrative opportunity.
02:41You see, the old Ottoman arsenal on the island was of no use to the crown,
02:46but it could be sold at a considerable markup to the right people.
02:51For example, the Greeks, still yearning to reclaim their lost lands.
02:57Conveniently, Zahirov happened to be friends with one of the most renowned Greek diplomats at the time,
03:03who would eventually become Prime Minister.
03:06And that definitely helped speed things along.
03:10Now, I mean, one could easily imagine what Mr. Zahirov would have thought back then.
03:14If peddling old arms was this lucrative, imagine what it would be like selling the new stuff.
03:20Well, my.
03:21Meanwhile, back in London,
03:24he found the biggest underdog in the British arms industry, Thorsten Nordenfeldt.
03:31He was originally from Sweden,
03:33and while he did have factories in England,
03:36he lacked connections to the upper echelons of society,
03:39which was exactly what Zahirov could help with.
03:43They actually took the world by storm.
03:46Nordenfeldt had a knack for inventing dangerous technology with questionable safety standards,
03:52and Zahirov had the unmatched talent of hyping it up.
03:55Let's get ready to rumble!
03:59Or whatever the equivalent was back then.
04:02When Nordenfeldt created the world's first ever torpedo-bearing submarine in 1884,
04:08Zahirov made no delays in selling a prototype back home in Greece.
04:13Then he told the Ottomans about it and promptly sold them two submarines.
04:18But now that the Turks had submarines,
04:20well, the Russian Black Sea Navy was no longer safe.
04:23So they bought three submarines,
04:25which reminds me of a book.
04:27Why, you need insurance.
04:28By just in case.
04:29Now, in reality,
04:31the Nordenfeldt submarine was a glorified human oven,
04:34prone to overheating and turning upside down.
04:37But why let such details get in the way of such a profitable transaction?
04:43Of course, not all of Nordenfeldt's products were shams.
04:46Their machine gun was top of the line, for its time,
04:49capable of firing 3,000 rounds in three minutes.
04:53It wasn't the best.
04:55That honor went to the Maxim gun.
04:58But that was no problem for Zahirov.
05:00He simply sabotaged his opponent's demonstration
05:03whenever the two competed for the same contract.
05:05Such lofty ethics.
05:08However, Maxim was backed by powerful allies, I tell you.
05:13The company's largest shareholder
05:15and honorary SideQuest board member
05:17was Nathaniel Rothschild,
05:20a man not fond of losing money.
05:24When he got wind of Zahirov's dealings,
05:26he called up Nordenfeldt and made him an offer he couldn't refuse.
05:30He would merge his company with Maxim's,
05:34retaining Zahirov so he could market their combined product line.
05:39After the deal went through,
05:40Nordenfeldt would suffer a string of unfortunate accidents,
05:47ultimately going bankrupt and selling all his shares for pennies on the dollar.
05:53Lord Rothschild would perfect his takeover strategy over the next two decades,
05:58successfully merging with Vickers and Armstrong.
06:01All the while, Zahirov would continue selling weapons to the highest bidder,
06:07sometimes even to the enemies of Britain itself.
06:10By 1914, he had supplied machine guns
06:13to nearly every future participant in the Great War.
06:17And in the aftermath of Germany's disarmament,
06:20Zahirov was instrumental in setting up a chain of affiliates
06:24through which to funnel arms of questionable legality.
06:27And we all know how that went.
06:30Ultimately, Zahirov would not live to see the fruits of his efforts,
06:35though not before spending his last two days on Earth
06:37burning all his notebooks and journals.
06:41They shall never know about that weekend on the French Revere.
06:44Unlike Mr. Zahirov,
06:46we here at SideQuest prefer earning our keep
06:49without plunging the world into devastating conflicts.
06:52It's a lot in life.
06:54It's not a lot, but it's a life.
06:57If you'd like to see more of these little adventures of ours,
07:00consider supporting us on Patreon.
07:02Though, of course, we'll also appreciate it
07:04if you share our videos with your friends and loved ones
07:07and, of course, any aspiring arms dealers you happen to know.
07:12Anyhow, we shall discuss more lucrative business opportunities
07:16in the not-too-distant future
07:18in the next competitively cutthroat episode of SideQuest.
07:26I don't like the word gun.
07:28Whenever I say it, people get triggered.
07:34I don't want to let them in the kitchen.
07:35In a way, I see the word gun.
07:35But I think people are allergic to teeth,
07:36I don't want to think're raven faz they're going to completely
07:36like the word gun.
07:36I don't want to know.
07:37It can take it into a village.
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