- 2 weeks ago
Learn how bleeding gums and an unbalanced gut microbiome could be impacting your health, from your immune system to mental health. Plus a look at AI used in the fight against healthcare inequality.
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LifestyleTranscript
00:05play soccer listen up heading the ball could put your brain at risk and increase your chances of
00:12developing Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease later in life in other ways though sport is a
00:17fantastic way to protect yourself from illness dental floss and yogurt are also superstars they
00:25could help prevent heart disease and diarrhea causing illnesses learn how to avoid all sorts
00:31of problems on in good shape the norovirus under an electron microscope just 10 of these tiny particles
00:51can cause an infection Krista Stigmann recently had the virus and wrote in her diary how bad it was
01:00coincidentally she was actually in hospital already for heart issues when suddenly the norovirus hit
01:06her even getting yourself to the bathroom is impossible when you feel the urge and then try
01:17to get yourself to the toilet it's already too late only a few hours pass between infection and the first
01:26symptoms diarrhea vomiting sometimes fever headaches and body aches dr. Rüdiger Quandt sees this
01:35frequently and he knows the difference between norovirus and other acute gastrointestinal illnesses
01:41not diarrhea just once a day but three four five or six times severe abdominal pain can also occur
01:50they're the warning signs norovirus is highly contagious so stay home and self isolate and
01:59because of the constant diarrhea drink plenty of fluids otherwise the body becomes dehydrated and
02:04loses important minerals and when the mineral levels in the blood change the electrical conductivity of
02:13your nerves also changes under certain circumstances your heart rhythm may change as well serious problems
02:19can arise in the body if these mineral levels are out of whack drinking plenty of fluids taking
02:27electrolytes and using anti-nausea medication are usually enough to get through the infection some
02:33people are particularly at risk patients who experience particularly severe cases of norovirus are first of
02:43all older patients because they usually have many pre-existing conditions and their immune systems are no
02:49longer as strong as that of a 40 or 50 year old children up until the age of five are
02:54also at risk because
02:55their immune systems are not yet fully developed if dehydration occurs it has a very different impact
03:01than it would on an average adults who can compensate it to a certain point norovirus spreads mainly through
03:10contaminated surfaces and hands from the hands to the mouth vomit can also carry it outbreaks occur mainly when
03:19many people are in close proximity nursing homes and schools but the virus also regularly causes outbreaks on cruise ships
03:29norovirus can lurk almost anywhere it's very resilient and difficult to get rid of that makes prevention tough
03:40norovirus is enclosed in a tough protein shell called a capsid it's almost completely resistant to influences such as alcohol
03:48-based disinfectants as well as environmental factors such as extreme temperatures
03:58even on a dry surface the virus can survive for several weeks its shell protects it from drying out
04:07regular soap or dish soap cannot reliably kill norovirus only special virucidal disinfectants are effective against it
04:18this applies to both hand sanitizers and surface disinfectants many over-the-counter disinfectants
04:26are useless regardless of the brand only some are effective against norovirus if you're lucky you'll find a
04:34corresponding label on the bottle here you can see clear indications against the virus
04:45for hand hygiene hospital hygienist ursula peres lem recommends something else in addition to disinfectants
04:52literally washing the virus off
04:56if you have someone at home who is sick with norovirus there are three golden h's
05:02hand washing hand washing hand washing this is the most important thing for everyone involved because
05:08it reduces the amount of virus for laundry and dishes a wash cycle at 60 degrees celsius is sufficient
05:15that's enough to eliminate norovirus if the person is able to do so it's a good idea for
05:21them to clean the area themselves after vomiting or using the toilet good hygiene is the only protection
05:29because despite intensive research efforts there is still no vaccine against it
05:39studies on vaccine development are ongoing but what makes this so difficult is the enormous diversity
05:46of noroviruses we often talk about the norovirus but in reality there is a huge variety of different
05:52viruses the challenge is to develop a vaccine that shields against enough of these different viruses
05:59to provide effective protection for krista stegman the symptoms subsided after five days but full recovery
06:09took longer she never wants to experience a second norovirus infection
06:17a norovirus infection can also destroy beneficial bacteria in the gut sometimes for weeks trillions of tiny
06:26organisms form a community inside your digestive tract if its delicate balance is disturbed it can weaken
06:34the immune system and promote obesity allergies even depression your gut's microbiome suffers when
06:43your diet isn't balanced or if it's exposed to too much sugar and stress but aiming for a gut friendly
06:50diet
06:51will protect your health and it tastes good too your gut microbiome is home to a huge number of
06:59microorganisms bacteria but also fungi and viruses the greater and more stable its diversity the healthier
07:07the gut an imbalance promotes inflammation the consequences digestive problems and disease but a
07:14healthy microbiome protects the intestinal wall and keeps pathogens out alcohol unhealthy fats ultra processed foods and
07:26antibiotics are not good for the microbiome nor is stress as in maria's case she's renovating her home and the
07:35gut can
07:36also be renovated with probiotics prebiotics and polyphenols nutritionist alexander zeiser explains
07:48you can think of it like this the gut is a garden and the good bacteria are the healthy plants
07:56and then
07:56there are probiotics these are essentially plants that can be added to make the garden even more lush
08:03there are also prebiotics which act as fertilizer and then there are polyphenols which ensure good growing
08:10conditions in this garden what does that mean for what we eat first probiotics these are living microorganisms
08:24during the production of foods like yogurt lactic acid bacteria are added the same is true for
08:31buttermilk and kefir these probiotics are also found in other fermented foods kombucha sourdough miso paste
08:39and even a german classic i've heard that sauerkraut also has a lot of probiotics
08:47yes that's correct sauerkraut naturally contains lactic acid bacteria but canned sauerkraut has usually been
08:54heated that means those bacteria are already dead and no longer present which is why fresh sauerkraut is
09:01the better choice potatoes with quark are a great combination this dish has great gut-friendly probiotic
09:11cultures next prebiotics that feed the good bacteria they're also known as dietary fiber
09:21they're found in fruits and vegetables whole grains legumes and seeds and the rule of thumb is the
09:28more variety the better if you want to up your fiber in meals take muesli for example you can add
09:36psyllium
09:37husks surprisingly psyllium husks can help with both constipation and diarrhea but important is to drink
09:45plenty of fluids with them because they expand up to 50 times of their original volume they absorb that
09:53much water last but not least polyphenols they act as protective shields for the healthy gut bacteria
10:03polyphenols are fantastic secondary plant compounds they're bioactive that means when they reach your gut
10:10they can actually combat inflammation and further strengthen your gut bacteria the good news is that
10:17polyphenols are found in many colorful foods bell peppers red cabbage grapes berries and they're also
10:26found in nuts with such an array of beneficial foods there's really something for everyone but what's
10:32important is not only what you eat but also how you eat taking your time and chewing thoroughly that's
10:40something maria had to relearn amid all the stress eating for your gut pays off
10:48in fact the gut microbiome adapts quite quickly to your diet that means if you suddenly switch to a
10:54very high fiber diet studies have shown that changes can occur after just two days but it's important that
11:01you also eat the meals we've prepared on a regular basis so the benefits aren't lost
11:07the winds less stomach pain a stronger immune system and more energy
11:16a new study from germany shows that those who learn good oral hygiene as children have
11:21significantly fewer dental problems as adults and that doesn't just mean avoiding pain or a less
11:27attractive smile unhealthy teeth can harm your overall health periodontitis in particular is dangerous
11:35this chronic gum inflammation increases the risk of premature birth as well as heart attack stroke
11:41and rheumatoid arthritis
11:46how does periodontitis develop if dental plaque builds up it turns into what's called tartar
11:54which has a rough surface and is an ideal breeding ground for bacteria
11:58these bacteria cause gum inflammation as a result the gums gradually pull away from the teeth
12:08through this gap bacteria penetrate deeper and deeper into the gums damaging the bone
12:15in the worst case it can lead to tooth loss
12:22jenny becker had periodontitis today she's back at her doctor for a checkup
12:28sonja zaltzer is a periodontist a dentist who specializes in gum disease jenny's dentist referred her to dr
12:37salzer for treatment a little over two years ago a fine metal probe is all it takes to detect gum
12:44inflammation how deep can the probe be inserted between the gum and the neck of the tooth dentists
12:51recommend to check up every two years
12:57yes we managed to treat all the pockets quite satisfactorily i can't see inflammation
13:03the doctor explains that everyone has gum pockets but when jenny first sat here over two years ago
13:08the probe disappeared deep into her gum tissue let's take a look at what it used to look like
13:14and where we stand now originally we had such deep gum pockets all around here
13:21see what's so dark red here any depth of five millimeters or more is too deep
13:26and this purple bar the wider it is the deeper the gum pocket and the more impossible it was for
13:33you to clean that area you simply can't get your toothbrush under the gums
13:41things have improved nicely we're on the right track
13:47so the pocket depth determines where and how the bacteria can attack
13:53up six millimeter once pockets reach six millimeters the environment is ideal for the
13:59bacteria to spread and further break down the bone this means the goal of treatment is to eliminate
14:04pockets deeper than five millimeters which bleed or deeper than six millimeters
14:10treatment usually takes place under local anesthesia the hardened plaque is gradually removed over the course of
14:17many sessions once the inflammation subsides the gums hug the teeth again more tightly
14:24and the pocket shrink but this can take time
14:27nowadays we wait at least three months but often even up to 12 months to see the results
14:34in the hope that further improvement will occur
14:40surgical intervention is only necessary in cases where the jawbone is still sustaining damage
14:46if the bone has receded leaving a narrow gap next to the tooth then it can be filled easily
14:54with a minimally invasive procedure it's really just a tiny opening and you can place the filling
15:01material or a growth promoting protein into this gap in jenny's case this type of jawbone graft wasn't
15:15necessary the standard treatment was successful to keep everything in good condition jenny goes
15:21regularly for professional tooth cleaning with a dental hygienist
15:28the periodontitis is a chronic disease so you have to monitor gum pockets constantly and clean them
15:34appropriately below the gum line so the disease doesn't return
15:40dental hygienist carmen zobel takes a close look to see if there are any areas that jenny might need
15:45to approach differently when brushing her teeth this time she discovers an area that could be cleaned even
15:50better to remove plaque effectively carmen gives jenny tips that might seem a bit unusual at first
16:00one of those is holding the toothbrush in an almost upright position
16:06this is how to remove plaque effectively from difficult spots
16:11so the classic issue is when the toothbrush is a bit older that's why we always ask the patients to
16:22bring their toothbrushes with them so we can check if the mechanism is still working sometimes we have
16:28toothbrushes here that when turned on start moving but then stop working the moment they make contact
16:34with the teeth so we check that periodontitis is caused by a wide variety of factors jenny has always
16:43made sure to eat a healthy diet and limit her sugar intake she probably has a genetic predisposition
16:49and she also has a theory about what caused it
16:55i smoked before getting pregnant and of course that's known to be harmful for your gums and your teeth
17:02so it was probably a trigger for why it might have started in addition to smoking risk factors for
17:11periodontitis and swollen gums include diabetes certain medications and of course a genetic predisposition
17:19of course consistent and thorough oral hygiene is key to healthy gums
17:29i definitely use interdental brushes now dentists have been mentioning them and recommending them
17:36to me for years but i kept putting them off studies show that besides brushing your teeth
17:43these small brushes are the most important preventative measure they're easier to use than dental floss but
17:49there are still a few things to keep in mind the interdental brush must be the right size for the
17:55space between your teeth it shouldn't be too small because we want to use it to apply a little bit
18:01of
18:01pressure and remove the biofilm the plaque that builds up on the root surface and that won't work
18:08if you apply too little pressure when inserting them into the space
18:15that's why jenny uses different size brushes each color corresponds to a specific thickness
18:21jenny is now doing everything she can to ensure her gums remain healthy firm and free of inflammation
18:33by the way periodontitis has been linked to tumors of the stomach and esophagus
18:38and possibly even lung cancer more generally infections can promote the development of cancer
18:44but the most important risk factors remain smoking alcohol red meat and processed meat
18:52and obesity and lack of exercise cancer therapies have made tremendous strides forward in recent years
19:00but tumors still need to be detected as early as possible that's why many countries offer
19:06preventive screening programs in remote areas though such examinations are often difficult to access
19:14or they're simply too expensive can artificial intelligence help
19:22Ella tarea's laugh mammogram was more than 20 years ago despite the mexican guidelines that recommend an exam
19:31she lives less than two hours from mexico city but the area around her village has virtually no
19:37modern healthcare infrastructure the women of the nahua people can barely afford the trip to the city
19:43much less the 30 dollars for a mammogram
19:48the hospital doesn't have the equipment for this exam we had to get up early today
19:53i was already awake at four in the morning to start the trip up here
20:00this is a private lab where women can be screened thanks to mammotest a startup that was founded in
20:07argentina 12 years ago with the goal of making mammograms available in remote regions
20:13in the last few years after expanding to mexico mammotest has increasingly relied on artificial intelligence
20:21to speed up examinations the technology automates processes dramatically reducing waiting times for
20:29diagnoses that once took three to four months we prioritize cases using a traffic light system
20:36that is we review 5000 images and narrow them down to 450 high priority cases that's a volume we can
20:44handle in two to three days it's a matter of life and death early detection of breast cancer significantly
20:52increases the chances of survival in mexico however many tumors are detected too late as a result breast
20:59cancer mortality rate here has risen by three percent over the past decade breast cancer is the leading
21:05cause of cancer related deaths among women about half of cancer cases are already at an advanced stage by
21:12the time they're diagnosed this is mainly due to gaps in health care and there isn't enough equipment and
21:18access is limited to urban areas and women from upper to middle income brackets for narwha women preventative
21:25care is largely inaccessible because i didn't have the money and the screenings are so expensive they cost so
21:36much well that was the reason i examined myself after taking a bath i lay down and checked to see
21:43if
21:43i could feel anything a lump or something like that mammo test aims to eliminate bottlenecks in the
21:52healthcare system thousands of screenings are needed but there's a shortage of technology and above all
21:58radiology specialists the new technology transmits images to specialists who are supported by ai this
22:06reduces the time spent on administrative tasks and has improved medical care for more than one million
22:12women in argentina mexico and spain thanks to ai i can make the process more efficient we used to need
22:22about 15 minutes for a report five minutes for the actual medical assessment and 10 minutes for the
22:28bureaucratic paperwork i've reduced that time to seven minutes the start-up plans to apply its innovation
22:37to other types of examinations as well such as ct scans or electrocardiograms it's an area of medical
22:44technology with enormous potential even though artificial intelligence will never replace the
22:52radiology professionals who interpret the results it can automate certain parts of the examination
22:57process and help reduce costs christina mendoza leads the lab we're currently evaluating a new
23:06technology for mammography the mammography machine can perform 3d imaging directly without the need for a
23:12technician to be present at the time of the examination the machine does everything automatically
23:19a rapid breast cancer diagnosis that thanks to ai can save lives
23:26artificial intelligence is already helping with the early detection of several types of cancer
23:32including skin cancer but paying attention to your own body can also help you spot dangerous changes
23:38diseases at an early stage here's how to be alert to skin health
23:46how can i tell if a mole brown spot or other blemish is harmless or might be skin cancer
24:04a stands for asymmetry if you discover a mole brown spot or blemish that has an asymmetrical shape let
24:13a dermatologist take a look at it b stands for boundary or border are the edges fringed or irregular do
24:23you have
24:23any suspicious moles or marks like that see your doctor c stands for coloration not perfect would be black brown
24:34gray red red or white areas and many colors that could also be a sign of skin cancer
24:42d stands for diameter everything which is bigger than half a centimeter could be a problem
24:48any moles or blemishes that size or bigger should be checked out e stands for
24:53is the patch elevated or evolving
25:05then it's a risk symptom so you should go and see your dermatologist
25:11skin cancer is not always obvious often there's little or no pain for quite a long time
25:18check your skin once a month it's easy with the a b c d e rule it's also important to
25:23check your
25:24children's skin for any changes and have your partner or a friend take a look at your back too
25:30to prevent skin cancer avoid direct sunlight especially around midday most skin cancers are a
25:38result of exposure to uv radiation if you can't avoid the sun wear sun protective clothing and don't
25:45forget to slather on some high spf sunscreen want even more tips to help you stay healthy
25:55then don't miss the next episode of in good shape see you soon bye bye
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