00:00If a question continues to hurt the archaeologists of our day, it's well this.
00:05How did the ancient Egyptians build these monumental pyramids?
00:09According to what we know at this day,
00:11their means were quite limited,
00:12especially in terms of tools and materials necessary to build.
00:16Even though we still don't have a very convincing answer,
00:20some fascinating theories must be examined.
00:23Among these hypotheses,
00:25one of the most credible evidence is used by the Egyptians.
00:28Imagine a moment,
00:30they would have thus built a flat ramp and sinew,
00:33composed of bricks,
00:35wood and sand,
00:36entour progressively the pyramid in construction.
00:39As soon as the building gained in height,
00:42they would have simply adjusted the size
00:44and the length of this structure.
00:46A ingenious method,
00:48which reminds an ancient Jenga game.
00:50But then,
00:51how did these colossal stone blocks to the summit?
00:55According to Herodote,
00:56the prominent Greek historian of the antiquity,
00:59they would have taken recours to the trains,
01:01the rouleaux,
01:02and the leviers,
01:03transforming thus the bridge in a gigantic
01:06process of collective force.
01:08Always according to these stories,
01:10it would have taken not less than 20 years
01:11to achieve the pyramid of Cheops,
01:14this famous chef-d'oeuvre.
01:16Herodote does not stop there.
01:17It is a strange figure,
01:19affirming that 100 000 people would have participated
01:21to this incredible project.
01:23A-t-on engaged the whole of the Egyptian population?
01:26Probably not.
01:27But it is plausible
01:28that the majority of these workers
01:30had been mobilized
01:32during the Crue-du-Nile period,
01:34when the agricultural jobs were suspended.
01:36An ingenious organization
01:38adapted to the natural cycle of the river.
01:41The contemporary archaeologists
01:42have however added nuances to this vision.
01:46At the end of the 20th century,
01:47the discoveries have revealed
01:48that the main-d'oeuvre
01:49could have been much less than
01:51and more specialized.
01:53Instead of 100 000 workers supposed,
01:55a group of about 20 000 workers
01:57who were assisted by a support staff
02:00including farmers, doctors
02:01and a few priests
02:02would have been able to do this architectural work.
02:06Another theory,
02:07for the most audacious,
02:08was that the pyramids
02:10would have been built
02:11from high to low.
02:12According to this hypothesis,
02:14these monument buildings
02:15would have been to the origin
02:16that of simple collines
02:17isolated serving of career.
02:19The stone would have been
02:21to the extent of the time.
02:22And over time,
02:24the successors of engineers
02:25would have modeled these collines
02:26to give them the shape
02:27of the emblematic pyramids
02:29that we admire today.
02:31Before releasing this idea
02:32as a pure fantasy,
02:34some saw a part of plausibility.
02:36After all,
02:38the isolated collines exist
02:39well and well in some cases,
02:41let us see
02:42a slight possibility
02:43of truth in this hypothesis.
02:45Whether through
02:46the construction of ramps
02:47or engineering techniques
02:48of work ingenious work,
02:50one thing remains
02:50incontestable.
02:52These pyramids continue
02:53to fascinate the history
02:55and to nourish our imagination.
02:57In describing the mysteries
02:58of the ancient Egypt,
02:59there is also this immense
03:01obelisque inachevé.
03:03Un vestige intriguing
03:04which inflicted
03:05many questions
03:06among scientists
03:07regarding its method
03:08of shape.
03:09Some think
03:11that our ancestors
03:12would have taken
03:12to the manual
03:14to complete this colossal work.
03:16A specialist
03:17offers
03:17however,
03:18a different interpretation.
03:20In examining
03:20attentively
03:21the motifs
03:22by the tool used,
03:23he describes
03:24an intriguing
03:24one characteristic
03:25intriguing.
03:26These
03:26parts of the
03:27surrounding
03:27the obelisque
03:28are
03:28regular
03:30and well aligned,
03:32which seems
03:32improbable
03:33if these marks
03:34were only
03:35used by
03:36human hands.
03:37According to
03:38this expert,
03:39these horizontal
03:39are typical
03:41of the mechanical tool
03:42making
03:42regular pose
03:44while removing the material.
03:46But that's not all.
03:47Imagine a tool
03:48oscillating
03:49from front
03:49and back
03:49against the
03:50walls,
03:51evacuating the debris
03:52to prevent
03:52progress.
03:54In this scenario,
03:56this tool would have
03:57put in
03:57particular
03:58to where
04:00it exerted
04:01a pressure
04:02against the
04:02wall.
04:02It seems
04:04to be
04:04point
04:05right?
04:06And
04:07what?
04:08It is
04:08unlikely
04:08that the Egyptians
04:09of the 18th
04:10dynasty
04:11have access to a
04:12advanced advanced knowledge.
04:13Another
04:14Egyptian
04:14renowned
04:15during his explorations
04:16also discovered
04:17several
04:18perceives
04:19carot
04:19as
04:20the
04:20collection
04:21is
04:22curious
04:24of
04:25carrots
04:25and even
04:28granite.
04:29The Egyptians
04:30did not
04:30yet
04:30not
04:31they were
04:32the
04:33that
04:38we use
04:40daily
04:40to inspect
04:42our appearance.
04:42But
04:43here
04:43here
04:44are
04:44real
04:45works
04:45of
04:46art.
04:47It
04:48is
04:48not
04:51all.
04:52Egyptians
04:53took care of
04:54their appearance.
04:55They
04:55understood
04:55the importance
04:56of
04:56their
04:57appearance.
04:58They
04:59invented
05:00the
05:00dentistry
05:02and
05:03their
05:04smile
05:07was
05:08not necessarily
05:09a
05:09white
05:09immaculate.
05:10They
05:11were not
05:12their
05:12predilection.
05:14Maybe
05:15their
05:15minds
05:16were more
05:16acquainted
05:17by the
05:17pyramids.
05:19These
05:19ancient
05:20recipes
05:21were
05:22far
05:22as
05:22as
05:22as
05:22as
05:22as
05:22as
05:23as
05:23they
05:24were
05:24made
05:25of
05:25with
05:26a
05:26wire
05:27of
05:27the
05:28sweet
05:28the
05:30were
05:30making
05:32the
05:33was
05:34an
05:38tariff
05:50of
05:51laine ils fabriquèrent des pastilles à base d'épices chauffées comme la cannelle qu'ils
05:56mêlaient à du miel passons maintenant à l'art de la décoration intérieure à la mode égyptienne
06:02ils ont véritablement élevé l'ornementation à un tout autre niveau bien que la décoration du
06:07mobilier ait pris naissance en mésopotamie les égyptiens l'ont sublimé ils ont misé sur une
06:12grande variété de couleurs et ont même créé des papiers de différents grammages et n'oublions pas
06:17ces petits tapis d'appoint que nous possédons tous chez nous aujourd'hui devinez qui en a eu l'idée
06:22et bien les égyptiens ils utilisaient la plante de papyrus extrêmement versatile pour tisser ses
06:29tapis douillets et en parlant de tendance les égyptiens étaient de grands amateurs de bibelots
06:34ils possédaient toute une collection de petites figurines représentant des chats des chiens et
06:40des personnages humanoïdes ces statues étaient fabriquées dans divers matériaux allant de la
06:45boue séchée au soleil jusqu'alors tout dépendait de votre richesse l'agriculture occupait une place
06:51de choix dans la société égyptienne et ils comprenaient un bien que l'eau propre était
06:55essentielle pour leur culture et leurs bêtes c'est pourquoi ils ont mis au point des inventions et
07:01des techniques visant à garantir la fertilité de leur terre et le bien-être de leurs plantes ils
07:06ont d'abord eu l'idée brillante d'utiliser des charrues tirées par des bœufs il existait deux types
07:11de charrues lourdes et légères la charrue lourde labour est en profondeur creusant de grands sillons
07:17tandis que la charrue légère suivait aérant la terre mais ce n'était pas tout après le labourage
07:23les égyptiens brisé les mottes de terre et se met les graines pour bien enfoncer ses graines dans les
07:29sillons il faisait traverser leurs bétails sur le champ ferment ainsi efficacement les sillons mais
07:35tout ce travail serait vain si les graines restait aussi sèche que le désert c'est là qu'intervient l
07:40'irrigation
07:41les égyptiens étaient ainsi compétents dans ce domaine que d'autres civilisations comme les
07:46grecs et les romains ont été forcés d'adopter leurs méthodes maintenant changeons de sujet et
07:51plongeons dans l'architecture splendide de l'égypte ancienne ces bâtisseurs n'étaient
07:56n'est pas seulement des experts en agriculture ils étaient aussi des maîtres architectes ils
08:01ont construit des canaux raffinés pour acheminer l'eau vers les fermes et villages et croyez nous ils
08:06savaient comment embellir ces canaux imaginez vous flâner le long d'un canal bordé de structures
08:11décoratives le pharaon ram 16 2 surnommé le grand était un véritable prodige en matière de
08:18construction l'une de ses créations les plus impressionnantes se trouve à abu simbel ce temple
08:24a été conçu de façon à ce que deux fois par an le soleil pénètre directement dans le bâtiment pour
08:29illuminer la statue du pharaon et n'oublions pas l'encore bellement sans cette merveille architecturale
08:34des structures aussi impressionnantes que la pyramide de kéops n'aurait tant jamais vu le
08:40jour les égyptiens maîtrisait l'art de faire tenir des édifices majestueux grâce à leur génie en
08:46ingénierie et en construction ils ont érigé de vastes salles et des sanctuaires intérieurs qui ne
08:51manqueront pas de vous émerveiller et certains de leurs temples servait également d'observatoires
08:56astronomiques
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