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Join us on this captivating visual expedition filled with wonder, mystery, and a glimpse into what lies ahead.
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00:00Okay, so you've seen the movies and read the books on time travel.
00:03Most of them tell stories about entering some futuristic boxes.
00:07And in the blink of an eye, you're in some different epic.
00:12For now, this is just sci-fi.
00:14But there are ways to make time travel possible, at least theoretically.
00:19We just don't have the technology figured out yet.
00:22For starters, time travel to the future could be achieved by traveling at high speeds.
00:27But not just getting a ticket on the superhighway kind of speed.
00:31This is based on Einstein's theory of special relativity.
00:35It explains that time slows down for objects that move at really high speeds.
00:40And the good news is scientists have already tested this theory, and it looks promising.
00:45They did it with the help of two identical clocks.
00:48One was placed on a jet, and one stayed on the ground.
00:51They found that the clock on the jet ticked slower than the one on the ground
00:55because of how fast the jet was moving.
00:57The faster an object is moving, the more time will slow down for it.
01:02Currently, the fastest speeds achieved by human technology
01:05are seen in a special type of particles called neutrinos.
01:09Some of these can move at almost the speed of light.
01:12At these speeds, one second for the protons is equal to 11 months for us.
01:17Now, we might be able to time travel to the future with the use of gravity, too.
01:21This idea is based on Einstein's findings, namely his theory of general relativity.
01:27Now, this theory explains that the stronger gravity is, the more slowly time moves.
01:33This means that as you get closer to the center of the Earth, the strength of gravity increases.
01:38And if you think about it like that, time actually passes more slowly for your feet than for your head.
01:44Now, is that why I'm always late for stuff?
01:46Hmm, good excuse.
01:48This effect has been measured, too, with the help of the same strategy with two identical clocks.
01:54Scientists placed them on shelves at different heights and measured the rate of ticking.
01:58The clock on the lower shelf ticked more slowly because it experienced a slightly stronger gravity.
02:04But this option comes with a catch.
02:06To be able to travel to the far future, you'll need to find a place with extremely strong gravity, like
02:12a black hole.
02:13That's a point in space where the gravity has so much force that even light cannot escape it.
02:19There, gravity becomes so intense that matter gets squeezed into a tiny space.
02:23The closer you get to the black hole, the more slowly time moves.
02:27However, traveling via a black hole is very dangerous.
02:31Mostly because it's a one-way ticket.
02:34Once you cross its edges, there's no coming back.
02:37Now, here's a fun fact.
02:38The GPS systems we use on our phones and in our cars already have to account for time dilation effects
02:44in order to work properly.
02:46That's because of the speed of the satellites they use and the gravity they feel here on Earth.
02:52Without these corrections, your phone's GPS wouldn't be able to pinpoint your location on Earth very precisely.
02:58Meanwhile, the third option has less to do with the universe's unknown forces and more to do with our own
03:05bodies.
03:05Scientists are trying to find ways to time travel to the future by slowing down the body's own processes.
03:11It's not time travel, per se.
03:14You wouldn't technically be going anywhere.
03:16But if your body stays put for a long period of time, you could eventually wake up in the future.
03:22Some animals, like bears and squirrels, can slow down their metabolism during hibernation,
03:28which means they don't need as much food and oxygen to survive.
03:32In 2005, specialists are trying to figure out if humans can do the same thing.
03:36They're working on ways to make people go into a short-term hibernation for a few hours to begin with.
03:42This could be helpful for medical emergencies, too, in order to help a person before they can safely get to
03:48the hospital.
03:49In 2005, scientists were able to slow down the metabolism of mice by exposing them to a small amount of
03:56special gas.
03:57However, when they tried to do the same thing with larger animals, it did not work as effectively.
04:03Our fourth option of traveling through time is really unique.
04:07It involves a special type of shortcuts that may exist in our universe called wormholes.
04:13Now, before we move on, let's try to understand what they are.
04:17You'll need to picture two balls and a trampoline.
04:20If there's no pressure applied on the trampoline, it stays flat.
04:24Now imagine the two balls placed on the trampoline symmetrically.
04:28If you look at them from this perspective, there's no possibility of them ever touching.
04:32But if you put enough pressure on the trampoline between the two balls,
04:36this flexible fabric can stretch so much that the two objects might potentially touch each other.
04:42The same thing happens with stars in different star systems.
04:45They're big enough to curve space around them.
04:48That's why most planets tend to orbit around a star.
04:51The tunnel between those two points would be a wormhole.
04:55These wormholes could be used to travel long distances, like a billion light years, or even visit different times.
05:01Now many scientists, like Stephen Hawking, think that wormholes might appear and disappear,
05:07but be very small, smaller than atoms.
05:10The problem is that we don't know how to catch one and make it bigger so that people can use
05:14it.
05:15This would take a lot of energy, and we don't know if it's even possible.
05:19Some astronomers say that even if we could find a wormhole and enter it, it would rapidly collapse on itself.
05:26Even the tiniest bit of extra mass, like that of our bodies, for example,
05:31can result in the wormhole slamming shut, like a rubber band that's been stretched too much.
05:36Now, the fifth solution for time traveling was proposed by an American physicist named Ron Mallett.
05:43It involves one resource that we know for sure is abundant in the universe – light.
05:48The scientist proposed a theory about time travel that would use a rotating cylinder of light.
05:54He believes that if something was dropped inside this swirling cylinder,
05:58it could be moved in both space and time,
06:01similar to how a bubble moves when you swirl it with a spoon in your coffee.
06:05According to Mallett, the right shape of the cylinder could allow for traveling to both the past and the future.
06:12The physicist has been trying to raise money for an experiment to test his theory.
06:16This experiment involves dropping tiny particles, called neutrons,
06:20through a circular arrangement of spinning lasers.
06:23However, other scientists say Mallett's theory is impossible, and there's no need to test it further.
06:28Well, even if we eventually figured out a way to travel back in the past or to the future, would
06:35it be safe?
06:36Scientists have been talking about a problem called the paradox of time travel for a long time.
06:41The main question is what would happen if you went back in time and did something that changed the future.
06:47However, a new study from researchers from the University of Queensland says that this problem might not be real after
06:54all.
06:54The scientists have done some calculations and found out that even if you had changed something in the past,
07:01the timeline would still end up the same way.
07:03Another variation of this problem is called the grandfather paradox.
07:08Imagine going back in time and preventing your own grandfather from having offspring.
07:13Come to think of it, it automatically means you shouldn't exist in the first place.
07:17If your grandparents didn't have your parents, how can you exist at all?
07:22Well, these days scientists are certain that even if you did experience something like that, you'd still exist in the
07:28present.
07:29That's because the timeline that already exists has a way of adjusting itself,
07:33regardless of where people are in time and what they do.
07:38Or somehow get 1.21 gigawatts in a DeLorean and make like Marty McFly.
07:45December 4th, 1970.
07:47Pilot Bruce Gernon had two passengers on board his Beechcraft Bonanza single-engine aircraft,
07:53his father and business partner.
07:55They took off from Andros Island in the Bahamas and headed northwest for the Florida coast.
08:00Sure, they were in the infamous Bermuda Triangles airspace,
08:04but this was a typical flight Bruce had made dozens of times before.
08:08The trip usually took about an hour and a half with no hiccups whatsoever.
08:15Bruce took off and started gaining altitude.
08:18Strange things started happening right from the get-go.
08:21At first, he noticed a small cloud up ahead, but it kept growing.
08:26Not from the plane getting closer.
08:28This thing was actually getting bigger in size.
08:31Bruce had to fly through it, and he came out the other end just fine.
08:35He gained altitude, and yet another mysterious cloud appeared.
08:39This one was massive, and Bruce had no other choice but to fly through it, too.
08:44At that moment, it got dark as night all around the aircraft.
08:49But this wasn't a storm cloud, and it wasn't raining.
08:52Bruce was starting to get worried, and then...
08:54BAM!
08:55He saw flashes of white light!
08:57Bruce kept flying for another 30 minutes, when he realized this was the same cloud he had gone through earlier
09:04when he started to climb.
09:05But now the cloud was cylindrical, and the plane was flying through its center.
09:10It was wide and seemed endless.
09:12Bruce thought he could never get out of that trap.
09:15But a minute later, he saw light at the end of the tunnel.
09:18But all of a sudden, the walls of the cloud tunnel began to narrow.
09:22They were closing in on the plane!
09:24The navigational instruments started wigging out!
09:27The compass was spinning by itself, counterclockwise!
09:30The walls kept narrowing, smaller and smaller, wrapping like a vortex!
09:35The electrical instruments still going haywire!
09:37Bruce was running out of time!
09:39He had to get out of this place fast!
09:41A grueling 20 seconds later, he burst out of this foggy trap!
09:46As Bruce described later, he felt weightless for 5 seconds as his plane left the tunnel.
09:52The clouds dispersed, and now the aircraft was in a grayish haze.
09:56The men let out a big sigh of relief.
09:59He immediately grabbed the radio and contacted ground control to determine his location.
10:04But when the dispatcher looked at the green screen, his face became contorted with confusion.
10:10Bruce's plane wasn't on the radar.
10:13It was as if the thing was invisible.
10:15But then the dispatcher said the aircraft was already in Miami airspace.
10:19Bruce was utterly shocked.
10:22It just couldn't be true!
10:23Remember, the whole trip usually took around 90 minutes.
10:27But this time, it took just 47 minutes to get to the destination.
10:32His plane didn't magically gain some supersonic speed beyond the model's limited max cruising speed.
10:38This was physically impossible.
10:40The dispatcher must have made a mistake.
10:42But when the clouds parted, Bruce saw that he really was over Miami.
10:47The plane landed safely, and it was time to try and solve this mystery.
10:52Bruce checked the remaining fuel and his watch.
10:55After a short calculation, he was only more confused.
10:58The plane hadn't gone through the amount of fuel it should have.
11:02Archive records show that 84 sunspots were recorded that day, as well as a huge solar wind.
11:09This would cause disturbances in the Earth's magnetosphere that could throw off the plane's instruments and radars.
11:15But so far, no one has been able to explain how the plane got to Miami so fast.
11:21Maybe in the future, the truth will be revealed.
11:24In the meantime, it remains another mysterious riddle of the Bermuda Triangle.
11:31Imagine that it's the year 2025, and our planet has completely changed.
11:36Rising sea levels, extreme weather, and the ocean becoming more and more acidic
11:41are just some of the problems people have been dealing with for years.
11:45But in one of the world's largest coastal cities, the situation has become too serious.
11:50It was a sunny day in June when a massive earthquake shook the city to its core.
11:55The ground beneath people's feet heaved and shook, and buildings swayed dangerously.
12:01People ran through the streets in panic, trying to find safety.
12:04But as soon as the ground settled, the inhabitants of the city realized the real danger.
12:09A wall of water, almost 100 feet high, was rushing toward the city, propelled by the force of the earthquake.
12:16The tsunami hit the city with unimaginable force.
12:19Entire neighborhoods were wiped out, and thousands of people lost their lives.
12:24But here's where things get interesting.
12:26In the aftermath of the disaster, the city's authorities realized that they couldn't just rebuild the city as it was
12:32before.
12:33They needed to be better prepared for the next potential disaster.
12:37And so they came up with an incredibly ambitious project.
12:41To build an underwater city.
12:43The goal was to create a self-sufficient, sustainable city beneath the ocean's surface that could withstand any natural disaster.
12:51The underwater city would be powered by renewable energy, using tidal power and underwater solar panels.
12:58It would be designed to withstand extreme weather, and would have its own emergency response systems.
13:03The project attracted some of the world's top scientists, engineers, and architects.
13:08They worked tirelessly to design the city, and carefully considered every aspect of the project.
13:14The underwater city would have everything that a typical city had, from schools and hospitals to stores and restaurants.
13:20There would be underwater farms where fish and other marine creatures could grow.
13:24The city would even have its transportation system, advanced submarines, and underwater tunnels connecting different parts of the city.
13:31The project became a shining beacon of hope for people.
13:34It showed that, even in the face of disaster, we could come together to create something amazing.
13:41But as time went on, the project no longer seemed so perfect.
13:44The cost of the project turned out to be higher than planned.
13:48There were also concerns about how long such a project would exist.
13:51After all, the ocean is very unpredictable.
13:54And still, the team of scientists and engineers never gave up.
13:58After years of trial and error, they finally created the perfect underwater city.
14:04A marvel of engineering.
14:05A self-contained ecosystem that could sustain people indefinitely.
14:09The buildings were constructed from a material that could withstand the immense pressure at the bottom of the ocean.
14:15And the city itself was powered by a network of advanced hydroelectric turbines.
14:19It wasn't long before the first wave of colonists arrived at the underwater city.
14:24There were different people in this group, and each of them had their own reasons for choosing to live in
14:28this new world beneath the waves.
14:30Some were adventurers seeking a new world to explore, while others were hoping to escape natural disasters raging on dry
14:36land.
14:37But despite their differences, all these people shared a common goal.
14:41To build a new society.
14:44One that was in harmony with the natural world.
14:46The underwater city flourished, and new discoveries were made every day.
14:50The colonists developed new technologies and ways to tame the power of the ocean.
14:55They learned to farm the sea, and started cultivating underwater gardens that provided them with a steady food supply.
15:01But living underwater was challenging.
15:04People felt isolated and even claustrophobic.
15:07The situation came to a head when a group of activists started to protest against the city's expansion plans.
15:12They argued that the underwater city was a threat to the environment it was meant to protect,
15:17and that the colonists should focus on reducing their impact on the delicate underwater life.
15:22The protests sparked a heated debate among the colonists.
15:26Some of them argued that the survival of the city depended on its growth and expansion.
15:31Others claimed that the city needed to prioritize the protection of the environment above all else.
15:37In the end, a compromise was reached.
15:40The city would continue to expand, but the main priority would be sustainability and a responsible attitude to nature.
15:47The colonists would do their best to reduce their impact on the environment by using new technologies and following strict
15:54conservation rules.
15:55And they would also remember the importance of protecting the ocean and its fragile ecosystem.
16:01Years went by, and the underwater city continued to thrive.
16:05New generations of colonists were born, and they grew up in a world entirely different from the one their ancestors
16:11had known.
16:12They never saw the world on the surface, but appreciated the beauty and complexity of the underwater world they called
16:18home.
16:18And as the years passed, the city became a symbol of hope for a world struggling with the devastating effects
16:25of climate change.
16:26It showed that despite all difficulties, people could come together to create a better world.
16:32It is a reminder that the future is not set in stone, and that we can build it sustainably and
16:37in harmony with the natural world.
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