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Discover the quirky realities of space living, from the mysteries of astronaut
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00:00Ladies and gentlemen, this is your captain speaking.
00:02We'll be ready to take off in 3, 2, 1.
00:08Living on a spaceship sounds like a sci-fi movie topic,
00:11but gradually turns into a plan for the distant future dream.
00:15Let's imagine how it would be.
00:19Without further ado, I'll start with the light.
00:22On Earth, thanks to the atmosphere, the sky scatters the sunlight,
00:26so we get light in different directions.
00:29Then there are shadows, contrast, and ambient light.
00:33In a spaceship, however, there's no sky to create that cool ambient light.
00:38When you're in a spacecraft inside a solar system,
00:41one side of the ship can be lightened by the sun or another star,
00:45and one side can stay in the shadow.
00:47You can think of it as the crescent moon.
00:51If your spacecraft manages to go far away from any solar system,
00:55you might say goodbye to the bright side of the ship.
00:58You would be very far from all stars.
01:01So the ship is going to fly in the deep darkness.
01:04Don't worry, though.
01:05The advanced technology will probably find a way to imitate the sunlight.
01:10Maybe designers will place LED light panels similar to windows,
01:14and inhabitants of the ship wouldn't notice the difference.
01:20A study revealed that a crew of 160 people could create a viable population for 200 years.
01:28Here, the important thing is to select the crew members from a large gene pool.
01:32No two passengers should be closer than 6th or 7th degree cousins.
01:37This is a projection from our day.
01:39Who knows?
01:40Maybe hundreds of years later, whole countries will live in a spaceship.
01:44Your neighbor country in the world will be your neighbor in space.
01:48This reminds me of the scene from Thor Ragnarok,
01:51when the Asgardians who survived Hela escaped with the Grandmaster's ship.
01:56They went to Earth to settle down.
01:58Maybe we would go to Proxima Centauri B.
02:01It's an exoplanet, which is the term used to define planets beyond our solar system.
02:08Proxima B is in another star system,
02:10and some scientists do believe it has the potential.
02:13Some of them believe that there's a possibility that liquid water exists on the surface of a planet.
02:19It's important because this planet is our nearest neighboring exoplanet.
02:24Yeah, the nearest one, but it's almost 25 trillion miles away.
02:28To better understand this proximity, I'll give you a comparison.
02:33Currently, one of the fastest spaceships, called New Horizons,
02:36goes a whopping speed of more than 30,000 miles per hour.
02:41But even with this speed, it would take thousands of years to get to Proxima B.
02:46Let's hope we figure out how to warp the space-time equation by then.
02:50If I'm realistic, the first option is more likely.
02:54Let's assume we made a trip with our fastest spaceships.
02:58This would still be a couple hundred-year journey.
03:01This leads to another minor problem.
03:04The lifespan of humans.
03:06The same crew cannot make it to the end of the ride.
03:10Here, generation ships shine as a solution.
03:13A community of adults enter the ship,
03:16then their children, and their children.
03:18You know, until humanity finally reaches the new planet.
03:21There are two other alternatives.
03:24If researchers somehow made a way to make people live for centuries,
03:27we wouldn't need generation ships.
03:30Similarly, there could be a system to freeze people.
03:33It'll take 20,000 people to start a healthy population on a new planet.
03:37For now, I want to stick with the first scenario.
03:41Here's how it would be to live in a generation spacecraft.
03:44Dating wouldn't be as romantic as it is on Earth.
03:48There's probably a geneticist who will regulate reproduction.
03:51Freedom of choice in general would be decreased.
03:54The rules will be strict.
03:56In every generation, there should be certain tasks to manage.
04:00Someone should be a doctor, and someone else should be a plumber.
04:04New generations may go under a career planning test.
04:07Everyone would be assigned occupations based on their merits, aptitude, passions, and available jobs.
04:14It reminds me of Snowpiercer, but hopefully, things would go humanely and better in this version.
04:21People all need water, and they'll create waste.
04:24By then, maybe we wouldn't rely on plastic.
04:27Plus, recycling may be on another level.
04:30Still, we will need water.
04:32A healthy human needs almost 300 gallons of water per year.
04:36It's not like they'll stop by on a planet and refill the water reserves.
04:40So how can spaceship residents solve this problem?
04:43There are already systems to recycle some astronauts' waste into pure water.
04:49The next issue is infirmary.
04:52A spaceship might have almost no bacteria or microbes.
04:56People need them for a stronger immune system.
04:58If they get too isolated and land on a planet,
05:01they may have difficulty coping with the potential conditions there.
05:06Shielding carries importance, too.
05:09Deep space is a radioactive place.
05:11Our planet has a magnetic field that protects us from DNA-frying waves.
05:16Out in the open, the spaceship will need a strong shield.
05:19Maybe we'll be able to create some sort of force field.
05:23NASA is working on systems to grow plants in space.
05:27We will probably see special sections dedicated to farming and livestock.
05:32I also feel like this type of ship would also carry flora and fauna samples, too.
05:37Who knows?
05:38Maybe there'll be specific parks and different mini-ecosystems.
05:41This would be great for the sanity of people on the ship.
05:44I mean, it's great to maintain the existence of the human race.
05:48But, um, existential crises can mess with the passengers.
05:52They can eat their space sandwiches in the park and relax a bit with the sound of tweeting birds.
05:57Not just a garden, the young passengers might need a playground and school.
06:02Well, in this case, cabins, to get an education.
06:05They'll probably have a whole new curriculum,
06:08How to Stay Alive on a Foreign Planet 101.
06:11By the time we have this ship AI and high-tech robots will probably be more popular than ever,
06:18there might be self-propagating robots.
06:20We can send these robots to our potentially new planet first and see how it turns out.
06:25We can even send robot teams to multiple worlds and see which one has a better habitat.
06:31I admit, generation ships look like an idea derived from Hollywood blockbusters,
06:36but there's an initiative called the 100-Year Starship Project.
06:41Mark G. Millis, the founder of the Tau Zero Foundation,
06:44is one of the participants involved in this project.
06:47They designed a probe named the Icarus.
06:50It has the theoretical capability to accelerate to one-tenth or one-fifth the speed of light.
06:56Although the current design of Icarus is not particularly sleek,
07:00resembling a skyscraper-sized behemoth,
07:02composed mainly of rows and clusters of spherical fuel tanks.
07:06Millis explains that it's not a definitive representation of what an interstellar craft may look like,
07:12but rather the design that makes the most sense to build initially.
07:16When it comes to designing starships for humans,
07:18gravity is a key consideration in preventing the erosion of bone and muscle density.
07:24The solution is to create gravity with a rotating cabin or centrifuge,
07:28but it must be large enough to consistently simulate Earth's gravity
07:31to avoid disorientation and other health issues.
07:36Is there an arrival plan?
07:38Assuming that we lend to Europa or Proxima B,
07:41the crew and the passengers need to be prepared for different scenarios.
07:45There should be equipment to scan the territory,
07:48or even self-defense gadgets to protect themselves from potentially hostile life forms.
07:53Once they successfully arrive, they need tools to build their homes too.
07:58When they finally arrive at their new planet,
08:00they might start advanced technology to travel around other planets.
08:04Hi mom, I brought you a rock as a gift from the surface of Mars.
08:08There could be new occupations and a live space travel guide,
08:12and we might need some type of document like a visa to enter other habitable planets.
08:17There's a meteorite rain expected,
08:19so stay at your base for the next two years, says the newscaster.
08:24Okay, okay, I'll calm down here.
08:26So how would you picture a vessel capable of ferrying humans from one solar system to another?
08:31Would it have some sort of wings, or would it look like a rocket?
08:34Tell me more about the design in your mind.
08:42Well, it's not possible to cry in space,
08:44no matter how many heartbreaking soap operas you just watched.
08:48Even if you try really hard to weep, the tears just won't shed.
08:52They shed because of the gravity law, which works differently on a spaceship.
08:56Still, your lacrimal grams work as usual,
08:58so if you start crying, all the tears will accumulate right in your eyes.
09:03The more you cry, the bigger the tear clump gets.
09:06Basically, you can shed only one tear from each eye.
09:09But even if you don't cry, it's impossible to have a normal face in space.
09:13It'll be a bit puffy in brand new conditions.
09:15A nature's call is a nature's call, no matter where you are.
09:19There are two reasons why astronauts can't flush the toilet in space.
09:23First, water is the most precious resource on a spaceship.
09:27Second, there's no running water in space.
09:29The potable water on a space station comes in pouches, and there it stays.
09:33For either number in weightlessness,
09:35there's a device with suction and disposable bags to put inside it.
09:39The storage gets changed every 10 days.
09:41Also, the ISS is equipped with a super complicated device
09:45that recycles and filters waste into the water the astronauts use every day.
09:50A sandwich, an avocado, an egg toast, a crispy croissant, chips.
09:55That's a short list of stuff you're never going to eat in space.
09:58Sure thing, Zero-G will carry all the crumbs away
10:01while you're nibbling on a chocolate chip cookie.
10:03Those crumbs spread all over the spaceship in no time.
10:06And trust me, the best place they can end up is in your eyes.
10:09Otherwise, they can interfere with the spaceship equipment,
10:13which is something you don't want to happen.
10:15Astronauts have a variety of meals, including fruit,
10:18which can be eaten in their normal form,
10:20and pasta, which obviously requires some boiling.
10:23Now, nobody promised you an a la carte menu on a spaceship,
10:26but you can easily cook mac and cheese.
10:29Water and heating ovens are provided, as well as the rest of essential gear.
10:33Bad news? There are no fridges in space,
10:35so you can't save leftovers for tomorrow.
10:37Good news? You have a variety of condiments,
10:40ketchup, mayo, even mustard.
10:43They're actually very important.
10:45Remember, you can't sprinkle anything in space.
10:47It concerns salt and pepper, too.
10:49For the rest, astronauts' meals look very much like regular picnics with friends.
10:54Somewhere in a peaceful meadow, but no campfire, guys.
10:57There's not enough oxygen for it, and you can't open the windows.
11:00One more thing you'll have to forget about when you travel to space
11:03is freshly brewed coffee to brighten up your mornings.
11:06There's just no way you can make it,
11:08unless you want to spend the rest of your mission covered with ground coffee beans.
11:12Still, it doesn't mean you won't enjoy coffee at all.
11:14You'll just have to make do with its capsule version.
11:17It tastes pretty good.
11:18Plus, you'll get a lovely space view.
11:20Anyway, you aren't very likely to spot the difference between regular and space coffee.
11:25Food and beverages in space taste somewhat different,
11:28and many astronauts admit it all tastes so much stronger back on Earth.
11:32One of the reasons is that body fluids move differently because of zero-g,
11:36and instead of being where the legs are,
11:38they rise up to the head, blocking air passages.
11:41Also, there are many strong odors in the cabin which dulls people's senses,
11:44especially smell.
11:46If you ever spend a couple of months in space,
11:48hey, send me a text.
11:50You might want to shave, cut your hair, and certainly clip all your nails.
11:53But, in fact, all the small hairs and cut nails are very much like breadcrumbs.
11:58Once you cut them, they start literally floating in the air,
12:01and you don't want your buddy's toenail to end up right in your face.
12:05Astronauts can use either a disposable razor or an electric one.
12:09If they use disposable razors, they first need to wet the skin.
12:12They squeeze a water bubble, catch it, and spread it all over their faces.
12:17The next step isn't much different from what they can do on Earth.
12:19You just need to apply some shaving cream.
12:21Then, the shaving starts as normal.
12:24To get rid of hairs from the blade,
12:26they just clean it with a small bubble of water and a dry towel.
12:29They squeeze one more water bubble to wipe their face,
12:32and voila!
12:33They're clean-shaven now.
12:34Things are a little different with electric razors.
12:37These devices have a special tool attached on top,
12:40which looks like a tiny vacuum cleaner.
12:42It takes care of all the unwanted hairs once they're cut.
12:46Astronauts clip their nails right in front of an air duct,
12:48which has a suction device to trap the nails.
12:50Sure, the nails bounce off while they're cutting them,
12:53so yeah, they gotta catch every single nail and put it down to the duct.
12:57The same air duct is responsible for refreshing the air on board.
13:01The nail clipper itself has a Velcro patch on it,
13:04not to lose it in zero-G.
13:06Now you're ready to play guitar in space.
13:08By the way, any loose items have Velcro patches to store them, too.
13:12Now, on to the harder stuff.
13:15Since the mid-20th century,
13:16washing your body has gotten a lot easier than ever
13:18with the rise of home showers.
13:20That's true, unless you're in space.
13:23Forget all those fancy shower gels and body creams.
13:25On a spaceship, you've got nothing but a no-rinse body bath pouch.
13:30To use it, an astronaut should fill it with 6 ounces of hot water
13:33and 2 ounces of cold water.
13:35This bag has a straw on top to squirt water bubbles out of it.
13:38One bubble in this slightly soapy water is enough to wash your hands.
13:43Once you're done, grab a towel and dry your hands.
13:45Then you can tuck it someplace to let it air dry.
13:48The good thing is that the evaporated water gets back to the station
13:52so the astronauts can reuse it.
13:53If you want to take a shower instead,
13:55you spread those soapy bubbles all over your body.
13:58No regular shower is possible on the spaceship.
14:01To try a space-inspired shower at home,
14:03try to do that with either wet wipes
14:05or measure 8 ounces of water, grab a towel,
14:08spread the water all over your body, and dry it.
14:11Refreshing, huh?
14:12Those who have really long hair, no worries.
14:15All you need are a no-rinse shampoo,
14:18a pouch of water, a comb, and a towel.
14:20Squirt some water onto your scalp
14:22and work it from the roots to the ends of the hair.
14:25Then add some magic shampoo and comb the hair.
14:28Add some more water if needed
14:29and dab the towel on your scalp to dry the excess.
14:32Actually, the towel helps get rid of grease, too.
14:34Sounds bizarre, but the hair is squeaky clean
14:37once the astronaut's done.
14:39Brushing your teeth probably doesn't sound that challenging now.
14:43Wet the toothbrush, it soaks up the water easel.
14:45By the way, the toothbrush the astronauts use
14:48looks like a standard tube.
14:49Once you're done, open the tap, clean the toothbrush.
14:52Ha-ha, gotcha.
14:53You can't do that.
14:54So the only thing you can actually do is
14:57swallow the toothpaste.
14:58But there's nothing wrong with it.
15:00Astronauts say it's edible.
15:01The tube is standard, but the toothpaste you see in stores
15:04definitely requires rinsing.
15:06Don't try space-inspired toothbrushing at home.
15:10Astronauts can't sleep like people do on Earth.
15:12A cozy bed and dimness are inaccessible
15:15while you're on a spaceship.
15:16People in space see 16 sunrises and sunsets a day
15:19because their orbital velocity
15:21is about 17,500 miles per hour.
15:24Each sunrise and sunset lasts a few seconds,
15:27so there's not enough time to take a photo,
15:29not to mention falling asleep.
15:31All this messes up the sleep pattern,
15:33so astronauts have to learn how to fall asleep
15:35regardless of the sun.
15:36A sleep mask is a must, of course.
15:39Another problem is zero gravity.
15:41Also, when we lie down relaxing,
15:43our body temperature decreases,
15:45which is important for a quality sleep.
15:46But it's not possible in space.
15:49Some astronauts attach themselves
15:50to the walls in their sleeping bags
15:52while others prefer to float.
15:54A good old ballpoint pen is useless in space.
15:57To use it, ink should flow,
15:59which doesn't happen if there's no gravity.
16:01A simple pencil is a no-go either.
16:04Once you sharpen it,
16:05you've got to deal with all the mess left behind.
16:07When people just started exploring space
16:09back in the 60s,
16:10they would use mechanical pencils to make notes.
16:13A space pen was introduced long before, in 1965.
16:17It had a cartridge pressurized with nitrogen,
16:19so the ink there is pressurized toward the tip.
16:22This pen can be used literally anywhere,
16:25underwater, in extreme sub-zero temperatures,
16:27and even during an exam.
16:30Bonus fact, if you're into baseball,
16:33don't travel to space.
16:35Even if your spaceship is large enough,
16:37chances are the ball will just float.
16:42The moon landing has unlocked
16:44one of the greatest achievements in human history.
16:47The world was going through a rough patch,
16:49so to see one of us up there
16:51was literally something out of this world.
16:54On July 16, 1969,
16:57Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin,
16:58and Michael Collins
16:59became the first people
17:01to successfully leave Earth's atmosphere
17:03and enter a different one.
17:05It was Neil who took the first steps on the moon
17:07after careful precision
17:09in maneuvering the spacecraft.
17:10The Apollo 11 mission
17:12was the leap for humankind
17:14that everyone needed.
17:16When they safely arrived back on Earth,
17:18they were welcomed as heroes.
17:20It became every kid's dream
17:22to do what they did.
17:23They were in a capsule with a parachute
17:25that landed almost 1,000 miles
17:27off the coast of Honolulu
17:29with a crew waiting for them.
17:30They were the most famous people
17:32in the world at that moment.
17:33But that's not the end of the story.
17:35Going up to outer space
17:37posed many potential threats
17:39which nobody really spoke about.
17:41There was so much preparation
17:43that had to be made for the launch,
17:45not to mention training and studies.
17:47They didn't know what to expect
17:49since it was the first trip
17:50of its kind in history.
17:52There was so much mystery behind the moon
17:54that scientists proposed a theory
17:56that the three astronauts
17:57may have caught some microscopic germs
18:00from the lunar atmosphere,
18:01which could be hazardous to people on Earth.
18:04As soon as they landed back on Earth,
18:06they had to stay in isolation for three weeks.
18:09The hype was real.
18:11The health community was extremely concerned
18:13about those extraterrestrial bacteria
18:15and didn't want to take any chances.
18:17The public was just as scared.
18:19The recovery helicopters hovered above.
18:22Rescue divers did a deep scrub
18:24on the capsule hatch with iodine
18:26to disinfect anything the capsule
18:27may have brought from outer space.
18:30Afterward, they were given the B.I.G.,
18:32a Biological Isolation Garment suit,
18:35to wear in the capsule
18:37before exiting into Earth's atmosphere.
18:39After they put on the suits,
18:41they were disinfected with bleach
18:43and taken to an aircraft carrier
18:45by helicopter
18:46to be escorted to a mobile isolation unit.
18:49The unit docked in Hawaii
18:51while they were in the mobile quarantine facility
18:53until it was flown to Ellington Air Force Base
18:56in Houston, Texas.
18:57They were then placed
18:58in the Lunar Receiving Laboratory.
19:00Over there,
19:01they had to spend another 15 days
19:03inside an air-locked room
19:05to lessen the risk
19:06of exposing themselves
19:07to the outside world.
19:09They had to stay in ultraviolet light
19:11to eliminate any microbes
19:13or bacteria from space.
19:15In fact,
19:16after each day,
19:17everyone working in the LRL
19:19had to disinfect themselves
19:20and shower to be safe.
19:22And in the case of them
19:23being infected
19:24with some lunar microbes,
19:26they had to also be in isolation,
19:28just like the astronauts.
19:29Inside the chamber,
19:31the three men
19:31had to find ways
19:32to entertain themselves.
19:34With two weeks left in isolation,
19:36they did what other humans
19:37would do in a closed chamber,
19:39talk all the time.
19:40Lots of laughing,
19:42joking,
19:42and every kind of interaction
19:44they could have with each other.
19:45Reports say
19:46that they were comfortable inside,
19:48but because there wasn't
19:49much to do in there,
19:50they got bored pretty quick.
19:52They ate well
19:53and had all the meals required
19:54to stay healthy.
19:55In the meanwhile,
19:57they enjoyed some activities
19:58like table tennis,
20:00working out at the gym,
20:01and even played the ukulele.
20:03Well, at least that's what
20:04Neil Armstrong did.
20:05Some of them used to jog
20:07back and forth in the hallway.
20:09Astronauts lose muscle mass
20:10when they stay in space
20:11for too long,
20:12so working out
20:13isn't just for fun,
20:15but mandatory.
20:16They even threw a party
20:17and celebrated
20:18Neil's 39th birthday.
20:20in isolation.
20:21He had a cake with candles
20:23baked by one of the staff members
20:24of the LRL.
20:26In addition,
20:27they had some playing cards
20:28to entertain themselves,
20:29magazines,
20:30and media coverage
20:31of their mission.
20:32They also spoke
20:33to some of their family members
20:34when given a chance,
20:36with glass walls
20:37separating them
20:37or through a telephone.
20:39They respected
20:40each other's privacy
20:41and found ways
20:42to keep themselves busy
20:43whenever one of them
20:44was talking to a family member
20:45or discussing
20:46something in confidence.
20:48They also had to take
20:49daily medical tests
20:50and have long debriefings
20:52from NASA,
20:52separated by glass.
20:54They spent some time
20:55working on mission reports
20:56and finishing up
20:57some other paperwork.
20:59The cherry on top
21:00was when President Nixon
21:01visited them
21:02before they were sent
21:03to the LRL
21:03to congratulate them
21:05for being the heroes
21:06everyone looked up to.
21:08And after those 21 days
21:09were up,
21:10they were released
21:11from their isolation.
21:12Scientists found
21:13nothing scary
21:14in their system
21:15and nothing
21:16that they carried with them.
21:17There were no pathogens,
21:19microbes,
21:19or bacteria from the moon,
21:21which means
21:22that there wasn't
21:22any life
21:23on our neighboring rock
21:24floating in the air.
21:25The three men
21:26were finally able
21:27to go home
21:28to their families
21:29and enjoy the freedom
21:30of Earth's atmosphere.
21:32Eventually,
21:33the whole quarantine
21:33was dropped,
21:34but any astronauts
21:35going to the
21:36International Space Station
21:37have to stay in isolation
21:39before launching
21:40so they don't
21:41bring any infections
21:42up there.
21:43Scientists have set
21:44their eyes on Mars
21:45for our next future home.
21:47Elon Musk's SpaceX
21:49wants to spearhead
21:50the mission up there
21:51and use robots
21:52as the first ones
21:53to set foot
21:54on the Red Planet.
21:55The Tesla bot
21:56was showcased in 2021
21:58and can mimic us
21:59pretty well.
22:00It can do the
22:01everyday boring tasks
22:02we don't enjoy doing,
22:03like cleaning,
22:04buying groceries,
22:05and some heavy lifting.
22:07Thanks to the fact
22:08that they walk like us,
22:09we can get a good idea
22:10of how humans
22:11will move around
22:12on Mars.
22:13The bots can send
22:14reports back to Earth
22:15as soon as they get
22:16the data
22:17and can probably
22:18study the environment
22:19if there are,
22:20in fact,
22:21extraterrestrial microbes
22:22living on Mars.
22:23But none of this
22:25will happen
22:25anytime soon.
22:26There are a lot
22:27of steps to be taken
22:28before we can see
22:30ourselves living
22:31on the Red Planet.
22:32The first challenge
22:33is getting there.
22:34Scientists predicted
22:35that it could take
22:36up to nine months
22:37inside a large spacecraft
22:39following a carefully
22:40mapped route.
22:41It's likely there will
22:43be many robots
22:43helping around
22:44and a few humans
22:45specialized in various
22:47fields to help
22:48with anything needed.
22:49No doubt,
22:50it'll have proper
22:51sleeping quarters,
22:52an exercise room,
22:53and a recreational room,
22:54just to name a few.
22:56It'll be risky,
22:57but exciting.
22:58And after all those
22:59months of traveling,
23:00it'll be time
23:01for the landing
23:02that's going to be
23:02equally,
23:03if not even more,
23:04challenging.
23:05NASA used a special
23:07sky crane
23:07to lower Curiosity
23:08on the surface
23:09of Mars in 2012.
23:11These things are
23:12figured out.
23:13It's time to get
23:13greased up and ready
23:14for the bumpy ride.
23:16Settling.
23:17The initial steps
23:18have been studied,
23:19and the crew knows
23:20exactly what to do,
23:21what to build,
23:22and where to conduct
23:23everything.
23:24Robots and engineers
23:25will build living quarters,
23:27indoor farms,
23:27and the basic essentials
23:29needed to survive.
23:30Sure,
23:31they can bring
23:31a certain amount
23:32of food and resources
23:33that can last for years,
23:34but the main purpose
23:36is to be self-sustainable.
23:38We'll need to produce
23:39water, food,
23:40and breathable air
23:41if we want to make
23:42it up there.
23:43There's some evidence
23:44that Mars was once
23:45a water wonderland,
23:46so it's possible
23:47that there might be
23:48some water underground
23:50or in the ice caps.
23:51We can't grow crops
23:53without water,
23:54which brings us
23:54to our next challenge,
23:56growing food
23:57in the middle
23:57of a barren wasteland.
23:59We'd have to live
24:00in domes
24:00in order to breathe
24:01and walk around
24:02without a protective suit.
24:03So growing food
24:05in these domes
24:06will be a no-brainer.
24:07But with limited
24:08water supply for crops,
24:09we now have to find
24:10a way to produce water
24:12and mimic the conditions
24:13for plants to grow.
24:15Once these things
24:16are built and studied,
24:17then comes the next challenge,
24:19powering up the settlement.
24:21Solar energy
24:22is one of the obvious choices.
24:24This source of energy
24:25can power up fuel cells
24:26and nuclear batteries
24:28for our everyday use.
24:29And once we have
24:30all this up and running,
24:31we can finally say
24:32we got ourselves
24:33a settlement
24:34outside of Earth.
24:36Sooner or later,
24:37more ships will arrive,
24:38with more people settling
24:40and building a future
24:41out there.
24:42By then,
24:43we'd know
24:43if there are any
24:44foreign microbes
24:45that could pose a threat
24:46so we wouldn't have
24:47to quarantine.
24:48And all it's gonna cost
24:50are a few tens
24:51of billions of dollars,
24:52a small sum
24:53for the next big leap
24:55for humans.
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