- 4 weeks ago
Discover the ingenuity and advancements that have shaped the way we enhance our vision throughout the ages.
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00:00What do you think is common between fruit and pen knives, hamburgers and plastic gloves, soda and coins?
00:07All this can end up in people's stomachs.
00:10And what connects peas and air?
00:12These two things can be found in people's lungs.
00:15Let's find out what weird things doctors found inside their patients' bodies, shall we?
00:23A boy in India was playing in a river and accidentally swallowed a small fish.
00:28It got not into the stomach, but into the lungs.
00:32When the boy was examined in a hospital, doctors discovered that the fish in his lungs was still alive.
00:38The doctors managed to extract the swimming creature and save the boy's life.
00:44A 75-year-old man came to a doctor and complained of severe discomfort in the chest area.
00:50He was sure he had a serious condition.
00:53But after examination and tests, doctors found out that a pea had grown in his lungs.
00:59It grew, and therefore the man was experiencing severe discomfort.
01:03Thing is, he once swallowed a pea, and it went down the wrong way.
01:07And there were good conditions in the lungs.
01:10The pea began to sprout leaves, but the doctors successfully removed it.
01:16This woman from California experienced the sensation of a foreign object in the eye and impaired vision.
01:23When she went to the hospital, an ophthalmologist found several contact lenses under her upper eyelids.
01:30He pulled them out, but there was more.
01:32As a result, the doctor took out 23 disposable contact lenses.
01:37The doctor said the eyes had lost sensitivity after many years of wearing lenses.
01:43The woman didn't notice the missing lenses and put on new ones every time.
01:47It continued until the massive stack began to cause discomfort.
01:52With age, the gap on the upper eyelid became very deep, so all the lenses had enough space to fit
01:58there.
01:59She was lucky that everything ended well and her eyes returned to normal.
02:03The woman wanted to get into the Guinness Book of Records.
02:06She asked the doctors to record a video of the extraction of lenses.
02:10But it turned out this record belonged to another woman living in Britain.
02:15Doctors found, wait for it, 27 contact lenses in her eyes.
02:22The man came to the hospital because of stomach pangs.
02:26Doctors conducted a thorough examination and found no problems there, except 40 small knives in the man's stomach.
02:33The patient swallowed pen knives for two years.
02:36Some of them were closed and some were completely open.
02:40The doctors removed all of them and saved the man's life.
02:43And then, the patient said what had happened to him.
02:46According to his words, he just felt an impulse and a desire to swallow all these knives.
02:52Of course, the doctor realized that he had some mental issues.
02:56This problem is called pica.
02:58This strange human condition causes a strong desire to eat or swallow inedible objects.
03:03Pica cases are quite common and have been known since ancient times.
03:08But psychologists and doctors have not been able to determine the causes of this condition.
03:15Now, a 55-year-old man came to the hospital with a similar disorder.
03:20There were 10 plastic gloves stuck in his intestines.
03:23Surgeons operated on him to remove foreign objects.
03:26Luckily, they saved the patient's life.
03:31Hmm.
03:3240-pen knives, plastic gloves, lenses in the eyes.
03:36All this is not as strange as several sets of cutleries chilling in this woman's stomach.
03:41In the 70s, doctors found 78 forks and spoons in the patient's stomach.
03:48Doctors pulled out each item with extreme care so as not to damage the internal organs.
03:53After a difficult operation, they asked her why she had done that.
03:57And she replied she just liked to eat cutlery.
04:00Apparently, she also has pica disorder.
04:05A young 18-year-old girl often suffered with stomach problems.
04:09After each meal, she was sick and lost weight.
04:12Just within several days, she lost about 40 pounds.
04:16Then, her condition became much worse when stomach pains and bloating appeared.
04:21Doctors performed a CT scan and saw a strange formation in the upper part of the stomach.
04:27Further examination revealed that the girl had an 11-pound ball of hair inside her.
04:33This is the weight of 10 basketballs.
04:35Hair wasn't digested by the gastric juice, so it accumulated in the girl's belly.
04:41Talk about a hairball.
04:45A New Yorker turned to a dermatologist because of a strange mole on her skin.
04:50The woman claimed it was constantly changing.
04:53The doctor carefully examined the mole and noticed that it was not only changing, but moving.
04:59It turned out that it was a tick hidden under the skin.
05:01The dermatologist easily removed it and sent the patient home.
05:06And wasn't she ticked off?
05:10A man in Germany had headaches for many years.
05:14Then, he began to see poorly with his right eye.
05:17Finally, he decided to see a doctor and found out that a 4-inch pencil was stuck in his head.
05:23It got there during an accident in the patient's childhood.
05:26It spent about 15 years in his head, but the man didn't know anything.
05:31Doctors successfully removed the foreign object from the head, and the man completely recovered sometime after surgery.
05:40A 75-year-old woman from Britain felt something wasn't right with her lungs.
05:45She came to the doctor, and they said she had a lung infection.
05:49The woman's daughter didn't believe him and decided to go to another hospital.
05:53The daughter brought her mother to another doctor, and they revealed the cause of the woman's condition.
05:58It turned out she had swallowed a denture that stuck in her throat.
06:02The false teeth were successfully pulled out, and the woman finally made a full chest breathe.
06:09Didn't she miss wearing her denture?
06:11I think that would have been a clue.
06:15The relationship between a man and a woman can lead to unexpected consequences.
06:20A resident of China quarreled with her boyfriend and decided to express her anger in an unusual way.
06:26She swallowed 20 cobblestones and thought they would come out naturally.
06:31But the stone stuck in the stomach and started knocking against each other.
06:35Of course, the girl went to the hospital where doctors removed them.
06:40YouTube rules do not permit me to make jokes about getting stoned.
06:43But come on, it's right there!
06:47A man in the UK decided to propose to his girlfriend.
06:51But first, he went to a jewelry store to pick out a ring.
06:54The store manager showed him several options, and the man chose a very expensive and beautiful one.
07:00The problem was that the buyer didn't have money for this gem.
07:04So, he decided to resort to a trick.
07:06When the seller turned away, the man just took the ring and swallowed it.
07:11The jeweler saw that it was gone and called the police.
07:14The man was sure the officers would search him and find nothing.
07:17But they came with a metal detector.
07:19When the police realized where the ring was, they put him in a cell, waiting for the body to return
07:25it naturally.
07:27I'd kind of like to know what the jewelry store told the next person who wanted that ring.
07:34In France, doctors faced a weird case when a man with abdominal pain came to them.
07:40During the examination, the doctors found out that there was something in his stomach.
07:44The man's family warned doctors that the patient liked to swallow coins.
07:49The doctors took an x-ray and noticed a large mass of foreign objects weighing 12 pounds.
07:55It's almost the weight of a bowling ball.
07:57When the operation began, doctors pulled 350 coins worth $650 out of the patient's stomach.
08:05But that wasn't all.
08:07Doctors removed a necklace and a needle from the body.
08:11Apparently, this man also had pica disorder.
08:16Now, sometimes brushing your teeth can be a dangerous activity.
08:20One 55-year-old man accidentally swallowed a toothbrush and did nothing.
08:25He lived for two weeks with a toothbrush in his stomach.
08:28And when he started to feel discomfort, he went to the hospital.
08:33Doctors were able to extract the brush and cure the patient.
08:38This 31-year-old came to the hospital with a sore throat.
08:42When the doctors examined her, they saw a fish bone stuck in her thyroid gland.
08:47Somehow it moved there from the swallowing channel.
08:52And this man from North Carolina began to experience fatigue and chronic cough.
08:57He lived with this condition for two years, then decided to go to the hospital.
09:02The doctors examined his lungs and found a plastic fork there.
09:07When they removed it, the man immediately felt better.
09:10You think?
09:11Let's take a walk down memory lane, back to the earliest days of human history
09:16when our ancestors walked the earth as nomadic tribes.
09:20Consider for a moment what life must have been like for those with impaired vision.
09:25For those lucky enough to have only minor sight issues,
09:28they could probably navigate their way around without too much difficulty.
09:32But for those with severe vision problems, the challenges were formidable.
09:36Their productivity and usefulness to their tribe could be greatly compromised,
09:41potentially leading to their abandonment.
09:44As we settled down and formed communities,
09:47the way we treated each other began to shift,
09:49and we started to look at those with severe sight issues
09:52with a bit more kindness and empathy.
09:55However, without the scientific knowledge that we have today,
09:59there was limited capacity to provide support.
10:05Before glasses were available,
10:07those with minor vision problems like nearsightedness
10:10were probably not that affected.
10:12While their vision impairments might have made certain tasks
10:16like hunting or spotting threats more difficult,
10:19these individuals could still contribute to the survival of their tribe
10:23and therefore were generally accepted by their peers.
10:27Over time, as vision progressively worsened,
10:30many people learned to adapt.
10:33The gradual decline in their eyesight over several years
10:36may not have even been noticeable to them,
10:38so they developed coping mechanisms
10:40like relying more heavily on their other senses.
10:44It's also worth noting that precise vision
10:47wasn't as essential then as it is now.
10:49For a huge chunk of our history,
10:51literacy rates were low, often around 20% or less,
10:56and formal education was not essential for most jobs.
11:00As such, vision problems did not necessarily affect
11:04an individual's ability to work or learn.
11:08Most people were not expected to perform tasks
11:11that required exceptional eyesight.
11:13So, they could get by as long as they could carry out their tasks,
11:18which would often be in the form of physical work.
11:22It may seem harsh by today's standards,
11:24but if your sight was good enough to work on,
11:27say, a field,
11:28you could at least secure food and income.
11:32Fast forward to the 13th century,
11:34when the first glimmers of what we would recognize today
11:37as eyeglasses began to appear.
11:40These early versions of spectacles
11:42were fundamentally just magnifying glasses,
11:45only serving to help with reading tasks.
11:47As the centuries rolled by,
11:50glasses grew more complex
11:52and began to resemble what we recognize today
11:54around the 17th and 18th centuries.
11:58Now, let's look at the interesting history of eyeglasses for a bit.
12:03Their journey to completion took several centuries,
12:06dotted with countless visionaries and their inventive ideas.
12:09However, the mystery behind who invented wearable glasses remains unsolved.
12:15We do know that our ancient friends,
12:18the Romans,
12:18were the first ones to unravel the magic of glass
12:21and its power to magnify tiny text,
12:25giving birth to many magnifying glasses.
12:29Fast forward to Italy in the 13th century,
12:32where we meet the earliest wearable glasses in recorded history.
12:35These had rudimentary lenses crafted by skilled glass blowers,
12:40which were popped into frames made of wood,
12:43leather,
12:43or sometimes even animal horn,
12:45and held up to the face or balanced on the nose.
12:48As the tech improved during the Renaissance,
12:51these contraptions became more common.
12:55How do we know these glasses existed, you ask?
12:58Well, thanks to art.
13:00Paintings from the early Renaissance period
13:03often portray scholars with handheld frames
13:05or eyeglasses perched on their noses.
13:08Based on rudimentary vision tests,
13:11the Italian glass blowers fashioned lenses of varying thicknesses.
13:15As their popularity soared,
13:17these eyeglasses began their journey from Italy to the rest of Europe,
13:21becoming a luxury accessory available to those who could afford them.
13:25Given the importance placed on knowledge during the Renaissance,
13:28glasses became badges of intellectual prowess and wealth.
13:34For a while,
13:35it looked like eyeglass technology had hit a plateau.
13:38The next significant leap forward didn't happen until the 1700s,
13:43when eyeglasses became hands-free
13:45with the introduction of temples that extended over the ears.
13:49One of the most notable examples of these modern glasses
13:52is the Martin's Margins designed by inventor Benjamin Martin.
13:57Today, these glasses are highly sought after by collectors,
14:01but they were the trailblazers in the quest for more accurate
14:05and thinner lenses held together by robust frames.
14:09Once glasses graduated to being over the ear,
14:12their evolution seemed to pick up the pace.
14:15Even Benjamin Franklin contributed to this rapid development
14:18by inventing the bifocal lens,
14:21a nifty solution for those juggling near- and farsighted vision issues.
14:25He ingeniously sliced two lenses and merged them into one frame.
14:31Around the same time,
14:33scissor spectacles gained popularity.
14:35These were essentially pocket-friendly glasses,
14:38foldable like a pair of scissors,
14:40and perfect for those moments
14:42when you needed a quick peek at something important.
14:44Some gentlemen weren't thrilled about wearing glasses all the time,
14:48so these compact glasses were the perfect solution.
14:52As the 19th century arrived,
14:54eyeglasses were still handmade
14:56and not accessible to everyone.
14:58But thanks to the upcoming industrial revolution,
15:02mass production of both frames and lenses were on the horizon,
15:05making it easier for hard-working folks to correct their vision.
15:09The early 1800s also witnessed the introduction
15:12of unique cylindrical lenses designed to correct astigmatism.
15:18In the 20th century,
15:20eyeglasses began to morph from a vision necessity
15:22to a fashion accessory.
15:24An array of frames with different shapes, materials, and colors
15:28started flooding the market,
15:29allowing wearers to select glasses
15:31that complemented their face shape,
15:33eye color, or even their outfit.
15:36Take Theodore Roosevelt, for instance.
15:39He rocked glasses with no earpieces
15:41that stayed put with a nose clip.
15:43Although these fell out of style
15:44as they became associated with the older generation,
15:47they were quite the rage back in the day.
15:50The real game-changer was the advent of sturdy plastics.
15:55Frames no longer had to rely on wood, metal, or horn.
15:59Plastic could be molded into an assortment of shapes and sizes.
16:03The 20th century was also when we witnessed the rise of sunglasses.
16:09While the idea was born in Asia during the 12th century,
16:13they were originally intended to mask the expressions of judges in court,
16:17not to improve vision or shield from the sun.
16:21Several manufacturers played around with colored lenses,
16:24but not for protective reasons.
16:26Soon enough, though, tinted sunglasses became popular
16:30for light sensitivity due to certain medical conditions.
16:33This trend caught on quickly,
16:35and by the end of the 1920s,
16:37sunglasses were being mass-produced
16:39not just for sun protection,
16:41but also to reduce glare.
16:43The 80s brought us plastic lenses,
16:46which were less prone to breaking
16:47and could be made lighter and thinner
16:49than their glass counterparts.
16:51And the innovation didn't stop there.
16:53Today, we have glasses with protective coatings
16:57that reduce glare and block harmful UV light.
17:01Fascinating as this may have been,
17:03another interesting discovery
17:05has to do with the percentage of people
17:07affected by vision issues.
17:09Some studies suggest that short-sightedness or myopia
17:13wasn't as widespread in the past as it is today.
17:16Truth is, we've seen a skyrocketing number of folks
17:20diagnosed with this condition.
17:21Projections even suggest that, by 2050,
17:25every second person on the planet might be myopic.
17:29One particular study brought to light
17:31that myopia now impacts more than double
17:33the number of kids in the UK compared to the 60s.
17:37Also, in some parts of Asia,
17:39the situation is even more pronounced.
17:42While doctors and researchers worldwide
17:44are trying to figure out the root cause of this problem,
17:47some label it as nothing short of an epidemic.
17:49The theories are many, with some pointing the finger at genetics
17:53or the surge in time spent glued to screens and buried in books.
17:58But then there are other scientists who've noticed a link
18:01between children who play less outside
18:03and the likelihood of developing myopia.
18:07Regardless of what's fueling this situation,
18:09it's fair to say that myopia probably didn't impact
18:12as many folks in the days of old as it does today.
18:15The relatively recent invention of glasses for nearsightedness
18:20suggests that it wasn't such a pressing issue in the past.
18:23Maybe people found ways to adjust their lifestyles
18:26to manage their shortsightedness better?
18:29Or perhaps there was a greater emphasis
18:31on matching jobs to people's visual abilities
18:34instead of hunting for tech solutions
18:36to level the playing field.
18:37What about this world?
18:39The notion of independence
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