- 4 weeks ago
赤道地区常年阳光充足, 年降水量充沛, 为植物提供了绝佳的生长环境. 这里孕育了地球上超过一半的动植物种类, 层层叠叠的植物构成了复杂的微气候, 为了争夺阳光, 树木长得极其高大,树冠相互交错形成密集的顶层. 附生植物 如苔藓, 兰花, 巧妙地依附在巨树上生存....
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AnimalsTranscript
00:02The equatorial region is located in the middle of the Earth.
00:05This is a warm, sunny place.
00:11Here are a wide variety of amazing species
00:20Warm and friendly local residents
00:23And an ancient and pristine natural paradise
00:28Together they form a magnificent and colorful world.
00:35However, this mysterious realm still awaits our further exploration.
01:10Some say the equatorial region is the cradle of life.
01:13Some say that humans and all other animals originated from this.
01:25This is a museum of life.
01:27Because it has stable climatic conditions
01:29Animals in the equatorial region have thrived continuously.
01:34Several of the world's major tropical rainforests are located near the equator.
01:37These deep jungles cover Indonesia
01:41Parts of Central Africa and South America
01:45Extending all the way to islands like the Galapagos Islands
01:50They are Earth's green waste
01:51It is also a treasure trove of biodiversity.
01:55Humans’ close relatives live in the jungle
01:58The favored ancestors and some lives, though short
02:01But these small creatures are enough to prove the history of human development.
02:09Deep in the jungle, you can also see a group of maverick scientists.
02:14They gave up a comfortable life
02:16Come here to study and protect the incredible life on Earth.
02:24Gabon, located on the Atlantic coast of Africa
02:26Low population density
02:28Today it is one of the wealthiest countries on the African continent.
02:39In the dense jungle here
02:41The familiar western lowlands are home to the big stars.
02:44It is also one of the most elusive apes.
02:55Due to the threatening pacing behavior of some people
02:57The great stars of the western lowlands avoid humans like the plague.
03:01However, a team led by zoologist Martha Robbins
03:04I'm slowly learning about the habits of this big star.
03:07I like my job
03:09It allows me to learn something
03:11Discovery
03:13Every day in the jungle is new and exciting.
03:18Martha started in 2005
03:20I have always been dedicated to understanding these big stars
03:26The most important part of the project is tracking these large stars.
03:32We need to reposition them every morning.
03:37Sometimes they can't be found for days.
03:43This job is a challenge.
03:44In fact, we go into the jungle every day
03:47Unless we can locate these large stars within twenty or thirty minutes
03:50Otherwise, I would always find myself unable to help but doubt.
03:53Will we really be able to find them?
03:56Fortunately, I found it every time.
04:18One of Masa's goals
04:19It's about letting these big stars from the western lowlands...
04:21Accustomed to the existence of humans
04:23Because humans can help them.
04:26Wild giant stars are naturally afraid of humans
04:30If they cannot be made to adapt to the presence of humans
04:33You will never see them
04:35They run away when they see humans.
04:42Adapting them to humans is a gradual process.
04:46over time
04:47They gradually learned not to be afraid of us anymore.
04:50They more or less accepted us into their territory and groups.
04:55This process took several years
04:56At first, we went searching for these big stars almost every day.
05:00The result was that they were discovered
05:01They were so frightened that they ran away.
05:04Then slowly over time
05:06We can get a little closer
05:07They also became able to adapt to some
05:10Until the end
05:10We were able to operate within a range of 10 to 20 meters.
05:13Observe their normal behavior
05:15We can see the internal life of the large starfish clan.
05:21This study has given locals a better understanding of the large stars in the western lowlands.
05:25With new understanding
05:27A friend once asked me
05:29All the big stars in the western lowlands look the same.
05:33How can you tell which one is which?
05:36Similarly
05:37You could also say that everyone looks the same.
05:41They all have two arms
05:43One head
05:45A pair of eyes
05:46but
05:46Everyone has some
05:49Facial features that distinguish one from another
06:04Researchers prevent illegal activities
06:06and the methods of deforestation
06:08To protect the big stars in the western lowlands
06:10and the jungles where they live
06:20Very good
06:20That's Antananga
06:22This is Ambia
06:23Which camera was it from?
06:26Marshal Robbins used a sensor camera
06:29Learn about the big stars of the western lowlands
06:31How to manage territory
06:32What I am particularly interested in is
06:33How do they utilize their habitat?
06:36Within this five-square-kilometer area
06:40How did they decide which way to go?
06:42How to tell if a fruit is about to ripen
06:45It's ready to eat.
06:46They seemed to know where the trees grew.
06:49Answers to questions like these
06:53This is Thor.
06:54It was discovered a little further north.
06:56The wild animals here are quite different.
06:58So this morning
06:59We put the cameras here
07:01Some adjustments were made.
07:02Is this Batia?
07:11The more research results
07:12The easier it is for Masha to enter the world of big stars.
07:17Time spent in the jungle is truly special.
07:20Because you will listen attentively.
07:27Here you will fully engage all your senses.
07:30This makes life more fulfilling to some extent.
07:47Understanding forests is very important
07:51You might see a road appear in a certain direction.
07:55But what you need to do is not to keep moving forward.
08:00Instead, you should know that there is a swamp ahead.
08:03Turn a corner and go through there
08:06You can get directly to your destination
08:09We do this most of the time
08:15Both are correct.
08:26They ate the bark.
08:28It's damp here.
08:29It must have been eaten not long ago.
08:39What they just ate
08:41So it must be nearby.
08:42We will find them
09:10This group of western lowland gorillas is known as the Antanan family.
09:15Including a male western lowland gorilla named Kimaya
09:21Six adult female gorillas
09:29and nine juvenile gorillas
09:36Their age range
09:37From as young as nine months to around eight or nine years old
09:42The members of this group are currently very loving.
09:45Because for western lowland gorillas
09:48This size is just right
09:57In the past few years
09:59Western lowland gorillas
10:00increasingly adapted to our presence
10:03As the number of tracking sessions increases
10:05We are also getting to know their habits better and better.
10:07We know where they're going.
10:09Specific time of year
10:10What foods will they eat?
10:12Also know these foods
10:13Where does it grow in the forest?
10:15So if we lose track of them now
10:17We can usually do it within about a day.
10:19Find them again
10:21Three or four years ago
10:22This could take a week or longer.
10:30Conflicts can occur between people
10:34It will also forge a friendly relationship.
10:37The same applies to gorilla groups.
10:39Little gorilla
10:52Orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan
10:54Orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan
10:56Orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan
10:58Orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan
10:59Orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan orangutan
11:08Sometimes, the gorillas would gather near a fruit tree, sometimes keeping a distance from each other.
11:13They are very close; if one gets too close to the other, or if they want to go...
11:19In the same location, conflicts and battles can easily break out.
11:27What we are seeing today can be described as a fierce battle.
11:39Martha's research suggests that if the endangered western lowland gorillas...
11:43Those species capable of adapting to human presence will increase in population size because humans...
11:48They can stop illegal activities and call a veterinarian if necessary.
11:52The group will help.
11:54Researchers hope that ecotourism can be developed here, and they believe that once people...
11:58If they could get up close to the western lowland gorillas, they would be willing to protect them.
12:02Protect them.
12:08Researchers can make condicions.
12:33After the researchers, will it really be true?
12:38Some common characteristics
12:40it's clear
12:42Bright colors
12:43Rich in wild flora and fauna species
12:46Such places are plentiful and unique in the equatorial region.
12:58Ecuador, located between the Andes Mountains and the Amazon River
13:03Suni National Park
13:04It is one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth.
13:08However, many of these animals are rarely seen.
13:11Biologist Diego Moskra spent a lot of time searching for them.
13:23Its goal is to verify the biodiversity here.
13:26Yasuni National Park is rich in timber such as mahogany and cedar.
13:30resource
13:31Diego hopes to preserve its irreplaceable uniqueness.
13:35Protect it
14:05The Rede area was transformed into a museum of life.
14:08The Rede area was transformed into a museum of life.
14:08Or the cradle of life
14:09Most of the species currently existing on Earth live here.
14:14All of these can be preserved here.
14:15It is also known as the cradle of life.
14:19Because this is also the birthplace of new species.
14:22The Rede region has seasonal changes.
14:25The weather in the equatorial region is almost the same throughout the year.
14:29This prevents the house from being subjected to external pressure.
14:48This primeval jungle is well preserved
14:50Almost nothing has changed in the past 10,000 years
14:54This makes it an ideal model for studying how animals live in their natural habitats.
15:00Book
15:02You might walk for hours in the forest
15:06No animals can be seen.
15:10But this doesn't mean there are no animals here.
15:27Yasuni National Park is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world.
15:31one
15:32The variety of species here is beyond your imagination.
15:35There are nearly 650 bird species per hectare.
15:39More than 200 species of mammals
15:41More than 200 species of amphibians and tens of thousands of insects
15:45The variety of plants within a 100-meter square area here is greater than in other places.
15:51many
15:53This place is like a sanctuary.
15:55It is an isolated island of biodiversity.
16:11Butterfly's task is to classify the creatures in Yasuni National Park.
16:15Classification
16:16And the sooner the better.
16:26The biodiversity here provides the Quechua people with what they need for survival.
16:30Butterfly's guide and Sai have been studying this jungle since childhood.
16:37I have lived on the Napo River my whole life.
16:40Life was very different in the past.
16:44In the past, people had to go to the forests and rivers to find food.
16:50Now my children and relatives live completely different lives.
16:54They can buy everything simply by going to the market.
17:00My grandfather was one of my first teachers.
17:04When I was little, I followed him through the forest.
17:11I didn't intend to wear boots at that time.
17:14barefoot
17:16Grandpa told me where to go.
17:19Venomous snakes can often be seen on the road.
17:22Once bitten
17:23He will die from the poison within half an hour.
17:42oh
17:44Look what we found in the tree!
17:48The one on the left is a nest.
17:52This is a tunnel.
17:54The ants used this tunnel to descend to the surface.
17:59This path leads directly to their stronghold.
18:03Locals want to use ants to make insect-repelling sacrificial stones.
18:08Simply place your hand here
18:11Let these ants crawl on your body
18:14Then kill them
18:24Dead ants release a strong odor.
18:28Apply this scent to your body
18:31Mosquitoes will avoid it.
18:32In this way
18:34People can protect themselves
18:36I'm not afraid to walk in the jungle for hours with my skin exposed.
18:47There is a plant here that can be used as a medicinal material.
18:50Locals call it Shengu Panjia
18:54When I was a child, whenever I had a stomachache or felt unwell
18:58My grandparents would use it.
19:03We can be in the unspoiled primeval forest
19:07Found this medicinal herb
19:13This plant is very fragile.
19:16Once the forest is destroyed
19:18They will disappear.
19:20It will never grow again
19:26My grandfather taught me the most important moment
19:31It means to truly love nature.
19:38He told me
19:40Everything around us
19:43It's our life
19:48If someone tries to plunder
19:50We must rise up and strive
19:52Protect the forests
19:55From nature
19:56We can obtain food
19:58drinks
19:58medicinal herbs
19:59And everything needed
20:01Nature is the guarantee of our lives.
20:08In my opinion
20:10This green world is a paradise.
20:13for me
20:14This is everything.
20:16My ideal pristine holy site
20:19Yasuni
20:30In Yasuni National Park
20:31The habitat of wild animals is threatened.
20:35Brother Ye needs to rely on external forces to find them.
20:37About ten years ago
20:40We began introducing camera traps.
20:43Research on mammals
20:45It can be divided into two parts: before using camera traps.
20:49and the two subsequent stages
20:52Because in this way
20:53We obtained a lot of valuable information.
21:14We usually set up two cameras.
21:16So that the animals can be observed from both the left and right sides.
21:19Doing so will undoubtedly help to understand more clearly.
21:21The spots on their bodies
21:23By identifying spots
21:24That will allow you to distinguish them.
21:27This is very important for animal research.
21:29Because only by understanding the individual
21:31Only then can you begin to conduct more research.
21:33You can estimate the quantity.
21:35density
21:35When are they active?
21:37And many other things
21:38Weekly reports for a long time
21:41They will all choose the same path
21:43In view of this
21:44I tried to film it.
21:46I've photographed it here several times.
21:49I've also photographed it on the main road.
21:51So he's a regular here.
21:58At this moment
21:59The animals may be watching us.
22:01They can smell our scent.
22:03I can feel that we are here.
22:10Set a camera trap
22:12It will continuously bombard you with breathtaking visuals.
22:18Nothing beats setting up a camera trap in the forest.
22:21Then go back to your screen and watch something even more wonderful.
23:02This was in March of last year.
23:03This was in March of last year.
23:04Through us in some places
23:06Through the cameras we placed in certain locations
23:09A video of a weekly newspaper was captured.
23:10Video of him and his two cubs
23:13Look, these two cubs are still very small.
23:22for me
23:24The weekly newspaper is as charming as a senior student.
23:26Seeing it seems to give me energy.
23:28This energy is exceptionally powerful.
23:30It will never be boring
23:43It deeply attracts me.
23:45Weekly Report: Living in the Rainforest
23:47Like a guardian of other animals
23:50I was drawn to its charm.
23:54This is somewhat similar to what we call a scattered species.
23:58organisms at the top of the food chain
24:01Controlling the population of other species
24:03Once the predator disappears
24:04The balance will collapse
24:15I remember clearly that I was by the river.
24:17The first time I saw the blue shoes that announced the time every week
24:20I looked at it
24:21It also stared directly into my eyes.
24:24I clearly felt
24:25A power was transmitted to me from it.
24:28I couldn't help but sigh.
24:29I've really come to the right place.
24:41Today in Indonesia
24:44Rainforests in the equatorial region are affected by environmental changes.
24:46And facing enormous danger
25:07Survival threats faced by orangutans
25:10Perhaps related to humans
25:14Locals would drive the orangutans away from their habitat.
25:19The purpose of this is to establish a banyan tree plantation.
25:22The orangutans were driven out of the plantation.
25:26Even if they want to come back
25:27They are also considered pests by banyan palm growers.
25:32This area was originally a habitat for orangutans.
25:34However, it was transformed into a plantation by humans.
25:37The orangutans were also driven away.
25:45Rani and his colleagues are trying to solve
25:48The survival challenges of orangutans
25:51Let this jungle become a natural habitat for orangutans.
26:02Sambergalestari Reserve is an area covering
26:05This shelter spans two thousand hectares.
26:07Specialized shelter for injured orphaned orangutans
26:10They received excellent care here.
26:13They will only be released back into the wild after they have recovered their health.
27:00If the orangutan is sick
27:02They will sit next to us
27:04Do nothing
27:05besides
27:06There are also some physical signs
27:08They will also tell us
27:09The gorilla is sick
27:11Need our care
27:26Pedro is mischievous and friendly.
27:29He never listens to me.
27:31But he was very afraid of his father.
27:33That is, his male caregiver
27:56Most of the stars here are orphans.
27:58The people here will take care of them.
28:00They will be released back into the wild after they reach adulthood.
28:02But first they have to learn how to survive in the wild.
28:20I have worked here for almost five years.
28:23I am the caretaker and nanny of the forest school.
28:26Responsible for taking care of young orangutans
28:29Most of the orangutans here are without parents.
28:32I feel sorry for them.
28:54very good
28:55very good
29:03If you ask me
29:05How do orangutans learn to climb trees?
29:07I will tell you
29:09Actually, they already knew what to do.
29:12They were born knowing how to climb.
29:15Are we willing to teach them?
29:17This is like treating a child.
29:18If we are willing to teach our children how to play as we would our own children
29:22Teaching orangutans to climb
29:25Their climbing instincts will naturally come into play.
29:46Orangutans are very similar to us humans.
29:49I really treated them like my children.
29:51They'll know when I'm angry.
29:55They will also understand the care I give them.
29:58When sick
30:00They will also seek my attention.
30:02It really is like my own child.
30:08The word "orangutan" in Malay means "man of the forest".
30:12This also shows that the locals regard orangutans as close relatives of humans.
30:22Every day, Dia teaches orangutans how to survive in the rainforest.
30:27skills
30:38We taught them what to eat, how to climb, and how to build nests.
30:43So that they could return to the jungle
30:55The caregivers act as parents to the baby gorillas.
30:58Teach them how to survive
31:01However, once the orangutans are released back into the wild...
31:04Caregivers will then keep their distance from them.
31:07Hopefully they can retain their wildness
31:16Our goal is to help orangutans regain their natural instincts.
31:20Therefore, they should not be treated as human beings.
31:24Otherwise their behavior may change
31:26This is what we need to pay attention to.
31:30This also requires us to maintain distance
31:32Although the baby gorilla may need more care
31:36But from now on
31:38We must keep our distance from them
31:47If orangutans do not have close contact with humans
31:50It might be more advantageous for them.
31:54Because once humans get used to it
31:56One day this habit
31:58This could become a hidden danger for their lives in the jungle.
32:09Okay?
32:10Okay?
32:10Okay?
32:10Okay?
32:29Okay?
32:30Okay?
32:38If I remember correctly
32:40Romeo was one of the first orangutans to arrive at the reserve.
32:45He stayed here for a long time.
32:53His initial reaction was one of surprise.
32:56After all, he had gotten used to staying in a cage all the time.
33:02Suddenly one day
33:03He was exposed in the wilderness.
33:05The surrounding area is full of trees
33:06However, this mood only lasted a few days.
33:11After that, he began to relax and enjoy himself.
33:15He would stroll around the island to inspect his territory.
33:18He did a good job.
33:29Perhaps one day our descendants will never see orangutans again.
33:34Because they are extinct.
33:39An Earth without orangutans is incomplete.
33:42It's like missing a piece of history.
33:44They could not be seen.
33:46We also can't describe it to our descendants.
33:49Because they lacked living, breathing people.
33:51Only distant stories remain.
33:56The Orangutan's Experience
33:57This is not a new story.
33:59Human activities have had many impacts on nature.
34:02However, for species like orangutans...
34:06We need to take action to protect them.
34:10If species are forced to migrate
34:12They either evolve
34:13Extinction
34:14The reason for saying this
34:16Because as early as about two hundred years ago
34:18Charles Darwin lived on a remote island in the Pacific Ocean.
34:21This composure was discovered
34:28Among the dozens of islands in the Galapagos Islands
34:31Darwin observed that species adapt to their own
34:34The unique geographical features of the island have led to the evolution of different physical forms.
34:53The diverse Darwinian sparrow family is the best example.
34:58Today, biologist Jaime Chavez witnessed these Darwin's finches...
35:02Evolving in ways that are beyond human imagination
35:06I am Ecuadorian
35:08Over the past seven or eight years
35:10I have always been involved with Darwinian sparrows
35:12And research on species evolution in the Galapagos Islands
35:22Jaume uses a harmless net invisible to the Darwinian sparrows.
35:25To capture them for research
35:39Darwin's finches are different variants that evolved from a common ancestor.
35:45Their main differences lie in their size and the shape of the drawing.
35:56The Darwinian sparrows of the Galapagos Islands that we are going to explore may be...
36:00Up to eighteen kinds
36:03Their living environment is isolated from each other.
36:06They also need to cope with different ocean currents and temperatures, as well as the different choices available on each island.
36:12pressure
36:12Therefore, they must adapt to the specific environment of their respective islands.
36:18These Darwin's finches have different...
36:22This is because in this way they each have their own suitable seeds to eat.
36:26This avoids competition between them.
36:31Between just two generations of Darwin's finches
36:33The size of the pool changed.
36:34This means that the next generation of Darwin's finches may evolve into completely different individuals.
36:39And then reproduce offspring.
36:40Evolution happened very rapidly
36:54Hai Mei's research also found
36:55Evolution seems to never stop
36:58Once new food is discovered
36:59Darwin's finches will continue to change themselves.
37:10One of the main topics of our research is the impact of human activities.
37:14And how humans altered the trajectory of evolution.
37:25Interestingly
37:26Darwin, who made the Galapagos Islands famous, also changed
37:30The evolutionary process here
37:32During his visit
37:34The island is almost uninhabited.
37:36But as the Galapagos Islands gained fame
37:38Scientists and tourists came in separately.
37:42Their presence has impacted the island's landscape.
37:44And ultimately changed the animals here.
37:58Daniel Belmeo and his wife Miriam
38:01I moved to the Galapagos region from Quito, the capital of Ecuador, a year ago.
38:06island
38:07We were penniless
38:09Yet they are as wealthy as millionaires.
38:10This is how I define my current state of life.
38:26Here you can grow things.
38:28You might find it hard to believe that you can see papaya and turkey in the same field at the same time.
38:34bean
38:37arugula
38:38Basil
38:40lime basil
38:41Purple Basil
38:43Legumes
38:44tomato
38:46pawpaw
38:47what else
38:49There are also coffee beans and many tropical fruits.
39:04We love nature
39:06They will also try to minimize the impact.
39:09But our very existence is an influence.
39:18I don't know how to avoid impacting nature.
39:38We harvest vegetables and fruits every week.
39:42And transport them to the port for trading.
39:57Daniel and Miriam's organic farm has only been operating for a year.
40:01Success has already been achieved.
40:03Their crops are in short supply
40:05In 1970, 5,000 people visited the Galapagos Islands.
40:10In 2015, this number became 225,000.
40:15There are also 25,000 permanent residents on the island who serve tourists.
40:19Most of them lived quite well.
40:22Because those who can afford to travel here can afford the expensive expenses.
40:31You get more and more handsome every time I see you.
40:34Are you OK
40:36not bad
40:39The arugula that was delivered was used up in two days.
41:07This is a new project we are developing on the island.
41:10That is, using local species as raw materials for dishes
41:13Because we realized that the species here are extremely rich.
41:15People know very little about it.
41:20The soil here is fertile
41:22There are many interesting native species
41:25Very exciting
41:31I think everyone should take this step.
41:34We need to strive to create something that is beneficial to everyone.
41:36A better world
41:40I am from Panama
41:41Arrived in the Galapagos Islands in January
41:44I quickly fell in love with this place
41:54Tourists' movements are restricted
41:56Touching the animals is strictly prohibited.
41:58Animals, on the other hand, can move freely without hindrance.
42:12More than a century after Darwin arrived here
42:15The relationship between biotourists and residents on the island
42:17They have changed to the point where they can depend on each other in various ways.
42:50tourists
43:14The Galapagos Islands have more experience in ecotourism than any other island group.
43:18More everywhere
43:21Since the 19th century, tourists have been flocking to explore the island's unique features.
43:25organisms
43:26Jaime Chavez is exploring the impact of this behavior.
43:29He would use Darwin's Sparrow every time.
43:41This is a small-billed ground finch.
43:43It should be marked as a species
43:47will become
43:499.62
43:51Will be high
43:547:20
43:57Huikuan
43:576.80
44:08The bleeding has stopped.
44:10We have to let him go.
44:11Yes
44:12This is a female line.
44:15His will be slightly bigger.
44:199.87
44:22This one is so cute!
44:24Yes
44:37This is really interesting.
44:38There is a medium-sized Darwin's finches on my right.
44:41There is also a small bird here.
44:44They belong to different species but are nearsighted about the same food.
44:47This is a good example.
44:49So we wanted to see what kind of species they belonged to that could eat the same food.
44:56We observed two species of Darwin's finches: the small-billed ground finches and the medium-billed ground finches.
45:00They all feed on these seeds.
45:03If this is an invasive plant
45:05These tiny, soft seeds may break the isolation of the Darwinian sparrow family.
45:09Establish barriers between populations
45:11This eventually led to the formation of a single society for the birds on each island.
45:15large population
45:16They will consume some soft foods.
45:18For example, silver plants
45:20Or it could be items left behind by residents.
45:25This means that the number of moderately sized flowers will increase.
45:30Different kinds of sparrows have different appearances
45:32Instead, they tend to approach
45:33Therefore, all Darwinian sparrows may look the same.
45:46The changes not only led to differences in the size of flowers between populations
45:51Or the power to find answers to different questions in nature.
45:56Change is the key to survival
46:00The species of sparrows in human settlements are quite different from those in uninhabited areas.
46:04court
46:04This indicates species under the influence of evolution
46:08Do everything you can to adapt to the changing environment
46:20Because of increasing human influence
46:22Animals around the equator are changing.
46:37Sometimes it gets worse
46:38Sometimes it gets better
46:40Humans and animals share the equator
46:43Continuous evolution
46:44Together creating the world
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