00:00Astronomers discovered the black star, the most massive ever seen in our galaxy, the Black Sea.
00:07This space monster is 33 times bigger than the Soleil, and is located at 2,000 years later.
00:14Now, the biggest black star star that we knew inside our galaxy was about 20 times bigger than our star
00:21in terms of mass.
00:23The black star medium of mass stellar is generally 10 times bigger than the Soleil.
00:28The scientists of the mission Gaia of the European Observatory Austral have spotted this black star,
00:35after a star was in orbit in this zone.
00:39The black star was called Gaia BH-3.
00:43The proximity of this space object with the Earth
00:46makes the second black star the most close to our planet ever discovered.
00:50The most close is called Gaia BH-1.
00:53He is located at about 1560 years later.
00:58This close is a little bit of a mass of about 9,6 times the Soleil.
01:03This means that he is much smaller than the black star that is now discovered.
01:09Gaia BH-3 is located in the constellation of the Aigle.
01:12From the Earth, he seems to have the shape of this rapace.
01:17The solar star star is not able to mention that as well,
01:23we can't imagine that the black star star star is not enough,
01:33as the sort of black star star star star star
01:35It is Sagittarius A. The mass of this giant of space is 4,2 million times higher than the Sun.
01:45While a star star star is formed during the explosion of an star star,
01:49the stars supermassive have their own way of seeing the day.
01:53They usually result of the fusion of stars, whose size has increased.
01:58But we will talk about it later.
02:00First, let's talk a little more about the formation of stars stars.
02:05When the stars arrive at the end of their life, they inflate,
02:09they lose a lot of mass and they are refroidis to form what we call white stars stars.
02:14We think that the black stars stars as massive as Gaia BH are formed when a star star doesn't contain
02:20heavy elements and doesn't lose enough mass throughout their life.
02:25These stars are called poor, in metal.
02:28So instead of being refroided in white stars, these stars fall in black stars.
02:35The company of Gaia BH3 is a very poor star star star star star star star star star star star
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02:48star
02:54You can see, the universe is full of black holes.
02:57Some are suddenly scattered in the galaxy.
03:00Others, these giants that we call the black holes supermassive,
03:04are at the center of the galaxy.
03:07While the black holes stellar are generally a little more big than the Sun,
03:11these monsters of space can weigh between a million and a billion of solar masses.
03:16Even if they are much longer than our star,
03:19they are concentrated in a relatively small zone,
03:22at the level of cosmic scale, of the size of our solar system.
03:27Some astronomers think that the black holes supermassive
03:30could be formed after the collision and the explosion of several stars,
03:36while other experts say that these space objects
03:39began to develop a few years ago.
03:43At the beginning, a small grain appears somewhere in space,
03:46then its mass increases progressively to form a black hole.
03:50This grain comes through the process of accretion
03:54which consists of assembling more and more material around it.
03:58Outre the absence of precise information on the formation of black holes,
04:02there is also what we call the paradox of information.
04:06If a black hole has a certain mass,
04:08and as we know, its space objects have many,
04:12then, according to the first law of thermodynamics,
04:15it should have a temperature.
04:17And, according to the second law of thermodynamics,
04:20it should also emit some heat.
04:23Stephen Hawking has shown that the black holes are also supposed to emit radiation.
04:27Today, this type of rayon is called the rayon of Hawking.
04:31It would be, according to him,
04:33to the frontier of a black hole.
04:34But after having demonstrated this,
04:36Hawking has revealed a paradox.
04:38If a black hole is able to evaporate,
04:40this means that a part of the information that it contains
04:43will also never evaporate.
04:46The problem is that the information contained
04:48in the thermal rayon of thermodynamics
04:49of a black hole is degraded.
04:51It doesn't repeat any information
04:53relative to the material englouti.
04:55This means that something happens
04:58is the basic principles of the quantum mechanics of quantum mechanics.
05:01The physical systems,
05:03which change with time,
05:04cannot create or destroy information.
05:08It means that something happens.
05:11The physicists and mathematicians
05:13have tried to find different ideas,
05:15but they have about to be quite strange results.
05:18Some have even affirmed
05:20that the universe could be holographic.
05:22That means that the universe
05:24that we know and aim our
05:25is in fact the result
05:26of the mysterious interactions
05:27mysterious
05:28to the frontier far away.
05:30I told you,
05:32the black holes are really strange.
05:34At the same time,
05:36we found the space objects
05:37which seem to have the same properties
05:39as the black holes.
05:41For example,
05:42look at this image
05:43of the black hole M87.
05:46It really looks like
05:48a physical object.
05:49And if in fact
05:50the black holes didn't exist,
05:53there is an idea
05:54in which the black holes
05:55were actually
05:56in fact
05:56a mixture of gravity
05:59and stars.
06:00This theory
06:01has been proposed
06:02for the first time
06:03in 2001
06:04by Emile Mottola
06:05and Powell Omasur.
06:06They admit
06:07that at a moment
06:08at a moment
06:09during the explosion
06:10of a big star,
06:11the intense gravity
06:12could transform its material.
06:15This phenomenon
06:16is similar
06:17to what happens
06:18when the atoms
06:19are cold
06:19at a level
06:20that they begin to behave
06:22like a single
06:23super atom.
06:24A star
06:24could then
06:25explode to the point
06:26of the events
06:27or point of no return
06:29and its material
06:30would then transform
06:31into a new state.
06:33It would have
06:33an external pressure
06:35enough to prevent
06:36the star
06:36to explode
06:37in a singularity,
06:39thus defying the laws
06:40of the physics.
06:41In the gravastars,
06:42a indestructible
06:44ultra fine,
06:44ultra cold
06:45and ultra obscure
06:46around a space-temps
06:47strongly enveloped.
06:49This new form
06:51of material
06:51seems very durable,
06:52but it is also
06:53a little flexible
06:54like a bubble.
06:56Ainsi,
06:57which is
06:58guided by the intense gravity
06:59of a gravastar
07:00and which is
07:00encased,
07:01is obliterated
07:02and assimilated
07:03to this strange
07:04structure spatiale.
07:06One of the advantages
07:07of the theory
07:08of the gravastars
07:09is that it allows
07:10to reach
07:11paradoxes
07:11related to information
07:12and the singularities.
07:14But even
07:15if this idea
07:16seems pretty cool,
07:17it does not explain
07:18the phenomena
07:19that we observe.
07:20And we have
07:21well observed
07:22something like
07:23black holes.
07:24On the other hand,
07:26look at this
07:26shadow.
07:27It is not caused
07:28by the light
07:29in the horizon
07:30of events.
07:31It is a phenomenon
07:32slightly different,
07:33known as the
07:34decalage
07:35to the gravitational
07:35gravitational.
07:36This phenomenon
07:37loses
07:37energy
07:38when it travels
07:40a region
07:40doted
07:41of a powerful
07:42gravitational field.
07:43It could be
07:44a gravastar.
07:45When the light
07:47is emitted
07:47by the regions
07:48close to these
07:48alternative objects
07:49at the telescope,
07:51most of its energy
07:52is already lost
07:53in the gravitational field,
07:55which causes
07:55the appearance
07:56of this light.
07:57And yet,
07:58as for the black holes,
07:59things are complicated
08:00when we add
08:02the rotation
08:02to the equation.
08:04Many experts
08:05are convinced
08:06that the gravastars
08:07could not
08:07remain stable
08:08during their rotation.
08:10But wait,
08:11it's more and more bizarre.
08:13Some suggest
08:14that the inside
08:14of the gravastars
08:15could contain
08:16a series of
08:17thick and thick
08:18These are known
08:20under the name
08:20of Nestars,
08:21a bit like
08:22a poupet Matryochka.
08:23Of course,
08:24these theories
08:24are not yet perfect.
08:26The astronomers
08:26do still have a lot
08:28to build
08:29functional models.
08:30It is also possible
08:31that the black holes
08:32exist
08:33next to the gravastars.
08:34In this case,
08:35we are confronted
08:36to another problem.
08:37How to do
08:38the distinction
08:38between the two?
08:40According to some theories,
08:41these different types
08:42of space objects
08:43should emit
08:44very different rayons
08:45gravitationals.
08:46And it is in
08:47observing these rayons
08:48that we could determine
08:49if we are in the presence
08:50of a gravastars
08:51or a classic trou
08:52black
08:52classic.
08:52.
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