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Discover the surprising secrets behind everyday footballs that players and fans often overlook. From chemical treatments to structural vulnerabilities, learn how these hidden factors could impact safety and performance. This eye-opening breakdown reveals 20 facts that could change how you see the game’s equipment.
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00:00:00And there's the kickoff!
00:00:02Imagine watching your favorite team square up with its rivals.
00:00:06If you're in the stands cheering them on, then it'll be even better to see them run up and down
00:00:12a cool-looking patch of green grass.
00:00:15That's why most pitches have different grass patches for your entertainment.
00:00:20The only player on the pitch who's allowed to touch the ball is the goalkeeper, and you can easily identify
00:00:26them by the different colors of their jerseys.
00:00:28They were asked to wear different colors so that they can pick them out from the crowd.
00:00:33This tradition started more than 100 years ago, when jerseys looked slightly different and the pace of the game wasn't
00:00:39as fast as today.
00:00:41The only thing that remained constant is the size of the ball.
00:00:45For 120 years, the football shape and size have not been changed, seeing that this will affect the athlete's overall
00:00:53performance.
00:00:53If you're about to shoot the ball past the goalie, then you would know the exact force, pressure, and spot
00:01:00where to kick it.
00:01:02Athletes train for this ball specifically.
00:01:05Changing it would mean training athletes to figure out a new way of doing things.
00:01:10I mean, there won't be much change if the ball was only slightly bigger or smaller, but this is the
00:01:15sweet spot for the ideal football size.
00:01:18Oh, almost forgot, if you're a U.S. viewer, you of course know that when I say football, you think
00:01:24soccer.
00:01:27Now, ever wondered why they wore jersey numbers?
00:01:30Just like how the goalie can be identified from the crowd, a jersey number identifies a player on the pitch
00:01:36in the sea of other players.
00:01:38And each number represents something.
00:01:40When a player is signed to a club, they have to be registered to a jersey number.
00:01:45While the player can sometimes pick what they want, some jersey numbers are reserved for the specific position they're playing
00:01:52in.
00:01:53A striker cannot wear the number one jersey.
00:01:57That number is reserved for goalkeepers only.
00:02:00A striker is a player whose job is to score goals and has a great awareness inside the opposition's penalty
00:02:07box.
00:02:07They get the number nine jersey.
00:02:09In consecutive order, the numbers two to five is for defenders who can play in various positions.
00:02:17Numbers six, eight, and ten are midfielders who play in the middle of the pitch.
00:02:21In general, they control the game and are the middlemen between defense and attack.
00:02:27You would find them all over the pitch.
00:02:30Numbers seven and eleven are wingers.
00:02:33They are the support players for the strikers and also contribute to goals.
00:02:37They're usually fast and tricky with the ball.
00:02:41Traditionally, this is what the numbers mean, but nowadays, clubs don't usually stick to it.
00:02:46Some midfielders can have a number seven, and some defenders can wear a number six.
00:02:52These days, numbers seven and ten are deemed as the most popular jerseys for people to buy and put their
00:02:59names on the back.
00:02:59Now, some clubs have actually retired certain jersey numbers, which means after an incident with a player who wore the
00:03:06jersey, the club will decide not to let any future player wear the jersey number.
00:03:12Some football clubs also have a reputation for jinxed jersey numbers.
00:03:17This usually happens when a player wears a number nine jersey and has big shoes to fill, after the player
00:03:23who wore it previously scored plenty of goals.
00:03:28The new player might be a perfect striker, but there's something about wearing that new jersey number that makes them
00:03:34get the yips, or in other words, lose their focus.
00:03:38It might be easy for some players to lose focus, especially as they grow older.
00:03:44Now, a football player will start to come down from their peak in their mid-30s.
00:03:48It might not seem that old for other professions, but in sports, particularly in football, 35 years old is considered
00:03:56old and close to retirement.
00:03:58Well, expect if you're Kazuyoshi Miura, who plays for Yokohama FC, he's considered to be the oldest professional Japanese football
00:04:08player currently on the pitch.
00:04:09He's 53 years old and plays as a forward in attack.
00:04:14So, what?
00:04:15That makes him kind of a geezer in football terms.
00:04:19Football is for all ages and is one of the oldest sports known to us.
00:04:24Even though it's most famously associated with Brazil or England, there is evidence that dates back more than 2,000
00:04:31years ago.
00:04:32This evidence suggests China was home to the original footballers.
00:04:37But England took the sport, polished it, and made it into the powerhouse sport it is today.
00:04:43They created some rules, including forbidding touching the ball unless you were the goalkeeper, and domesticating it to limit the
00:04:50violence.
00:04:52Now, it's no surprise that the oldest football club in the world is in England.
00:04:57Sheffield FC was founded in October 1857 in a city in South Yorkshire.
00:05:03That means the club existed before the tragic accident of the Titanic and before the Eiffel Tower solidified itself as
00:05:10a landmark in Paris.
00:05:13It's no wonder football is the most popular sport in the world.
00:05:17The World Cup ranks in billions of views with the whole world tuning in.
00:05:21The road for any country to qualify is tedious and long.
00:05:26Every country in the world plays.
00:05:28That's right, your country is technically playing in the World Cup.
00:05:32But it all starts in the qualifying stages, which happens over years.
00:05:37Every country plays in the qualifying stages, except a few selected countries and territories.
00:05:43They don't get all the attention and are slowly eliminated until you have the strongest teams from each continent.
00:05:50Fun fact, Greenland cannot host any official football games because of the weather.
00:05:55It's just too cold for grass to grow, which is a requirement from FIFA.
00:06:01Qatar will be the first Middle Eastern nation to host the World Cup, and it'll be the first one to
00:06:07be played during the winter season.
00:06:09The simple reason is that summers in Qatar are just way too hot for attendants and athletes.
00:06:16A regular match is 90 minutes.
00:06:1845 played in each half with a 15-minute halftime break.
00:06:22During August, teams have a long water break around the 30-minute mark.
00:06:26Summers in Qatar can reach more than 120 degrees Fahrenheit, and humidity can make it even more unbearable.
00:06:34But the winters are tolerable.
00:06:36This will also be a unique World Cup, considering stadiums will have full air conditioning so that no one feels
00:06:43hot in any way.
00:06:46Terrains and climates can sometimes be to a country's advantage.
00:06:50Brazil and Argentina are, without a doubt, the strongest teams in South America.
00:06:55Of course, you have Chile and Uruguay, which have won some trophies in recent years, but it's always down to
00:07:02the two biggest rivals.
00:07:04However, every country shudders when they visit one of the highest elevated countries in the world, Bolivia.
00:07:12Brazil has lost some games there, even with a star-studded team worthy of crushing even the mightiest of teams.
00:07:19But with such high elevation, oxygen levels are lower, which makes it difficult for Brazilians or any other foreign team
00:07:27to play.
00:07:28Bolivians are used to it, and other teams just have to be really well-prepared for the game.
00:07:34Or carry their own oxygen.
00:07:36Oh, you can't do that?
00:07:37Okay, never mind.
00:07:40Brazil has had some of the best players in the world, and it's no surprise that the most expensive player
00:07:47in the world is Neymar.
00:07:48This Brazilian football wizard was acquired by PSG, or Paris Saint-Germain, from FC Barcelona in 2017 for an impressive
00:07:58$264 million.
00:07:59And no player has since then broken this record or has ever been so close to reaching this value.
00:08:07And guess what?
00:08:08They gave him the number 10 jersey.
00:08:12Brazilians are known for their flair with the ball and the impressive dribbling skills they bring to the pitch.
00:08:18And it's also no surprise that one of the fastest goals ever scored in a professional football match was a
00:08:25Brazilian.
00:08:27Ricardo Oliveira scored a goal in just 2.8 seconds back in 1998.
00:08:33If you were watching this game live, then chances are you'd miss it, considering that you're still adjusting yourself and
00:08:40probably missed the goal from blinking.
00:08:42I know one thing for sure.
00:08:43I'm going to keep an eye out for Brazil this World Cup.
00:08:48Why is the myth dogs are colorblind so widely accepted?
00:08:52They do see colors, even though they have a more limited spectrum than we do.
00:08:56They see blue, yellow, and violet pretty well.
00:08:59But it's hard for them to tell the difference between orange, red, and green.
00:09:03So, if you want to redecorate your dog's house, maybe you should stick to purple and blue shades.
00:09:10Animals, plants, and humans were all actually connected and have common traits because we've all evolved from the same micro
00:09:17-ancestor.
00:09:18This would be our planet's original ancestor, LUCA.
00:09:22This stands for the last universal common ancestor, which is a 3.8 billion year old organism.
00:09:29Closing the eyes can improve your memory.
00:09:32Let's say you want to listen to a story and see how much you can remember.
00:09:36Studies show that if you close your eyes and take a 15-minute rest, you'll remember it better.
00:09:41A good technique for when you're studying or trying to remember some boring information.
00:09:47The pink corner of your eye is actually the remnant of the third eyelid.
00:09:52We all have this mysterious membrane.
00:09:54The third eyelid is way more prominent in certain mammals and birds since it protects their eyes from dust.
00:10:00But for humans, this tissue doesn't have any particular meaning, so scientists believe we'll eventually lose it.
00:10:09When potatoes are exposed to too much light, they mostly turn green, whether they're in a factory, storage, or a
00:10:15field.
00:10:16This happens because they start to form chlorophyll, a pigment that gives plants green color.
00:10:21So when you see green potato chips, it means they were made from one of these potatoes that were exposed
00:10:27to light for a longer time.
00:10:29But just because some green potato chips made it into the bag doesn't mean you should eat them.
00:10:34As it turns out, the green areas on potatoes and on chips are not good for you.
00:10:39Nothing's going to happen if you eat one or two of these green potato chips.
00:10:43But if you eat too much of a green potato, you might experience some discomfort.
00:10:48Despite their name, some oranges are not orange.
00:10:52Some initially contain large amounts of chlorophyll, which makes this citrus green-colored in the first place.
00:10:58As it matures and ripens, the chlorophyll slowly disappears as the fruit is exposed to cool temperatures.
00:11:05That's when it gets its color.
00:11:07But this is also why, in warm areas across the world, oranges remain green.
00:11:13If you've ordered something small from Amazon, like a pen, a single book, or something else,
00:11:19you might have got it in a box that seemed way too big for your item.
00:11:23And it's not an accident, nor random.
00:11:26It's because of their complex shipping algorithm.
00:11:28It takes into account the size of other packages going to the same place,
00:11:32as well as the size of the shipping vehicle.
00:11:35The small item gets a box size that will fit the space inside the vehicle together with other packages.
00:11:40And keep boxes from sliding around.
00:11:45Physicist and inventor Percy Spencer discovered microwaves by accident.
00:11:50He was building a magnetron for some of his radar equipment.
00:11:53At one moment, he realized the chocolate bar he had been keeping in his pocket had begun to melt.
00:11:59He was curious about what was going to happen next.
00:12:02So, he directed microwaves at eggs, which exploded, and popcorn, which popped.
00:12:07This is how he discovered a great tool to heat food that uses less energy than a conventional oven.
00:12:15In its original version, the clay-like substance we call Play-Doh today was a wallpaper cleaner.
00:12:21It was invented and sold for the purpose of lifting soot off of wallpaper.
00:12:25At the time it first showed on the market, you could only get it in an off-white color.
00:12:30But later, they started selling it as a toy.
00:12:33The substance was produced in yellow, blue, and red.
00:12:36Today, you can get it in more than 50 colors.
00:12:41Bubble wrap had a somewhat different purpose at its beginning.
00:12:44It was supposed to be wallpaper.
00:12:46In the 1950s, when it first showed up, two engineers decided to glue two shower curtains together.
00:12:52That's how they trapped small bubbles of air between them.
00:12:55They were trying to create some sort of textured wallpaper, but it didn't take off.
00:13:00A couple years later, IBM had to ship some data processors and needed something to protect them.
00:13:06Which is when the phenomenon of bubble wrap came up.
00:13:09One study showed that one minute of popping bubble wrap is as calming as a 30-minute massage.
00:13:16Why don't electric fans cool the air?
00:13:18You could set a thermometer in front of it and choose a turbo mode.
00:13:22But the temperature won't go down.
00:13:25In fact, the temperature might even go up if you leave the thermometer next to the working parts thanks to
00:13:30the electric current.
00:13:31A fan won't cool the air, but it will cool you or any other object with water inside.
00:13:36An electric fan improves air circulation in a closed space.
00:13:41Plus, it speeds up evaporation, which makes liquids, including the sweat on your skin, a bit cooler.
00:13:48Have you noticed pen caps have tiny holes on the top?
00:13:52It seems random at first, but it's actually a lifesaver.
00:13:56If you can accidentally swallow this cap, the hole ensures you can continue breathing because the cap won't completely block
00:14:03the airway.
00:14:05If you take a closer look at the night sky, you'll see stars come in different shapes and sizes.
00:14:11White is the most prevalent color, true, but they sparkle in shades of red, blue, and yellow, too.
00:14:17But you won't see a green star.
00:14:19It's not that stars don't emit green light.
00:14:21It's just that our eyes don't see it like that.
00:14:24Stars vary in colors when they burn at different temperatures.
00:14:27The hottest stars appear blue, while the coolest stars seem to burn in red hues, but they all shine in
00:14:34multiple colors.
00:14:35They emit different light wavelengths that represent various parts of the color spectrum.
00:14:41We can't all perceive those wavelengths separately.
00:14:44We only see the dominant light wavelength, which means the dominant color.
00:14:48So, stars of medium heat emit green photons in most cases, but they just don't appear green.
00:14:54When we try to process something that generates red, green, blue, and yellow photons at once, our eyes see it
00:15:02as white.
00:15:03That's the same reason why mid-temperature stars such as our sun appear white to us.
00:15:10Why do we blink?
00:15:11To moisten and cleanse the eye.
00:15:13That's for sure.
00:15:14Every time you close your eyelids, the tear glands secrete a salty substance that sweeps over the surface of your
00:15:20eye.
00:15:21It then flushes away all those tiny dust particles and also lubricates the exposed parts of your eyeball.
00:15:27We usually blink every 4 to 6 seconds, unless the eyes are more irritated.
00:15:32Then, we blink more frequently to keep them moist and clean.
00:15:36But not just that.
00:15:38Blinking also helps our brain to reset.
00:15:40It has to process so many things all the time, so it's fair to give it a break from time
00:15:45to time.
00:15:45So, blinking rescues our brain around 15 to 20 times per minute.
00:15:50When we shut our eyes, we help our brain to power down and take a very short but still effective
00:15:56mental break.
00:15:57That's why we blink more when we're in the middle of a task that demands some serious mental activity.
00:16:04Why do we have nails?
00:16:06They're generally made of a specific type of protein you can find in fur, hair, claws, and hooves.
00:16:12It's called keratin, and unlike claws, nails are flat and wide, so they're more effective at shielding the tips of
00:16:19toes and fingers from potential injuries.
00:16:23Fingernails not only protect sensitive areas but also provide a rigid backing, so you can take and separate small objects
00:16:30more easily.
00:16:31How would you pick up a single jigsaw piece or peel a sticker from its backing without nails?
00:16:37It would be almost impossible without additional tools.
00:16:41Apes and monkeys use their feet for such delicate tasks, too.
00:16:45Primates have probably evolved nails because they needed help with simple tasks, such as grasping branches tightly and removing ticks.
00:16:53Raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, and cherries are not berries.
00:16:56To classify a berry, they have to have three layers.
00:17:00A protective outer one, a fleshy one in the middle, and finally, an inner part where you can find the
00:17:06seeds.
00:17:07Also, a plant must come from a flower with just one ovary and have two or more seeds.
00:17:13So, by this criteria, cranberries and blueberries are berries.
00:17:17Together with some more plants, you wouldn't expect to be in this category.
00:17:22Kiwis, bananas, watermelons, tomatoes, eggplants, and even peppers.
00:17:28You've probably heard, your ears and nose are those body parts that never stop growing.
00:17:33This happens because the effects of skin changes and gravity.
00:17:37Other parts of your body change in the same ways, but you can't see it as well as you can
00:17:41see what's happening with your nose and ears.
00:17:44You'd need a drop of liquid, a state-of-the-art laser 3D printer, and a couple of hours of
00:17:49work to make the tiniest fidget spinner ever.
00:17:52Its width will be smaller than that of your hair strand.
00:17:55At least researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed to do just that.
00:18:00A double-stuffed Oreo cookie aren't double-stuffed, in fact.
00:18:04A math teacher weighed 10 regular Oreos, 10 double-stuffed Oreos, 10 mega-stuffed Oreos.
00:18:11Turns out, double-stuffed Oreos are only 1.86 stuffed Oreos.
00:18:17Chipotle peppers aren't some special type of pepper.
00:18:20They're good old jalapenos.
00:18:22Dried and smoked jalapeno is chipotle.
00:18:25In its gaseous form, oxygen is colorless and doesn't have any odor.
00:18:30But when it's liquid or solid, this substance looks pale blue.
00:18:35After being caught by a black hole, a star gets ripped apart by its enormous gravitational forces.
00:18:41Some parts of the star's remains hurtle into the black hole.
00:18:45The rest, in the form of a huge jet of plasma, is ejected with such force that it travels hundreds
00:18:51of light-years away.
00:18:54Not so long ago, scientists decided the dino's family tree had to be redrawn for the first time in 130
00:19:01years.
00:19:02Apparently, two species of dinosaurs had to be grouped together from the very beginning.
00:19:07Those were the lizard-hipped meat-eaters like T-Rex and bird-hipped vegetarians such as the Stegosaurus.
00:19:15A camel can drink up to 30 gallons of water in a bit more than 10 minutes.
00:19:20This water is stored in the animal's bloodstream.
00:19:23As for its fatty hump, it provides the camel with nourishment when there's little food around.
00:19:28Some sea animals, like salmon or turtles, use our planet's magnetic field to find their way home.
00:19:36Your lungs not only help you breathe, but they also produce blood cells.
00:19:40These cells are responsible for the clotting which stops bleeding.
00:19:45The lungs make more than 10 million of these tiny cells per hour.
00:19:50Only two letters never appear on the periodic table.
00:19:54Those are J and Q.
00:19:57Spin a ball when you drop it and it'll fly through the air while falling.
00:20:02This phenomenon is known as the Magnus effect.
00:20:05You can see it at work in different sports, for example, tennis or baseball.
00:20:12Anitidae phobia is the fear that at any point, somewhere in the world, a duck or a goose may be
00:20:19watching you.
00:20:20The person isn't necessarily afraid that the duck or goose will get close to them or even touch them.
00:20:26They just don't like the feeling of being watched.
00:20:30It was first described in a comic strip to show you how anyone can be afraid of anything.
00:20:36Anything can be a phobia.
00:20:38A duck just watching my every move would certainly give me the heebie-jeebies.
00:20:42I might just quack up.
00:20:45Your favorite fruit candies may be shining because they're covered with Caranuba wax.
00:20:51Many fruits, especially apples, have a thin layer of this wax too.
00:20:55Not only can it make the candies and fruit appear glossy, but it also makes your car shine.
00:21:03Peaches and nectarines seem different, but in fact, they're pretty much the same fruit.
00:21:08If the fluffiness gene is dominant, we get peaches.
00:21:11If not, we get smooth nectarines.
00:21:16Crows are pretty good at recognizing people's faces and have been found to remember people for a long time.
00:21:23This could be a good or a bad thing, depending on how nice you are to them.
00:21:27You don't want to come across a crow that's holding a grudge against you.
00:21:31You probably can't tell which crow is which very easily,
00:21:34so it might be better to play it safe and just give them a little wave.
00:21:40In the city of Yoro in Central America, they have an annual event known as the Rain of Fish.
00:21:47Not that the locals get a choice for it anyways.
00:21:50Every year in May or June, a torrential rainstorm rolls through the town,
00:21:54leaving a mass of fish flopping around in the streets.
00:21:58The phenomenon is believed to be caused by water spouts or water tornadoes,
00:22:03which drop the fish far from their home.
00:22:05Seafood delivery for free?
00:22:07Yes, please.
00:22:09A single strand of spaghetti onto your fork has a name.
00:22:13It's called a spaghetto.
00:22:15In the Italian language, an I at the end of a word means that it's plural,
00:22:20while an O is singular.
00:22:22This goes for all types, like gnocco instead of gnocchi,
00:22:27fettuccino instead of fettuccine,
00:22:29and raviolo for a single parcel of goodness.
00:22:34Water can freeze and boil at the same time.
00:22:37This is called the triple point.
00:22:39That's when a substance can be solid, liquid, and gaseous at the same time.
00:22:44But there's only one pressure temperature that can make it possible.
00:22:50We're used to ranch dressing being white,
00:22:52but in reality, producers usually add titanium dioxide to make it as white as your sunscreen.
00:22:59Oh, sunscreen producers add some titanium dioxide to their products too.
00:23:04Same with Caesar and blue cheese dressings.
00:23:08Our moon used to have an atmosphere.
00:23:11Several volcanic eruptions happened on Earth's natural satellite around 4 billion years ago.
00:23:16They released immense volumes of gas, trillions of tons.
00:23:20It was so much that the gas didn't have enough time to escape into space.
00:23:24That's how an atmosphere was formed.
00:23:28Cold water heats up faster than hot.
00:23:31The speed of this process depends on the temperature difference between the liquid and its surroundings.
00:23:36That's why cold water needs less time to absorb heat,
00:23:39but it doesn't mean it'll boil faster than hot water.
00:23:44Zealandia is a drowned continent in the Pacific Ocean.
00:23:48It's often described as a continental fragment or a microcontinent.
00:23:52Its area is almost 2 million square miles, about half as big as the U.S.
00:23:58It went underwater about 23 million years ago.
00:24:01New Zealand is Zealandia's largest part that remains above sea level.
00:24:07People are still evolving.
00:24:09Scientists have been tracking several millions of human anomalies.
00:24:12It turns out some harmful genes are slowly but surely getting filtered out of human DNA.
00:24:21Stars look as if they're twinkling because of the turbulence in Earth's atmosphere.
00:24:25It makes the light from the stars move in a different direction before reaching our eyes.
00:24:30And this looks as if the light is shaking.
00:24:34It takes water 1,000 years to complete its continuous journey around the world.
00:24:39The whole process is known as the Global Ocean Conveyor Belt.
00:24:45Bismuth is a brittle, shiny white metal with a pink tinge.
00:24:49If you melt it and then let it cool really slowly, it'll form iridescent cubic crystals.
00:24:56Those Skittles and M&M candies are colored with beetles.
00:25:01Red food dye is made of carmine, which is made with cochineal beetles.
00:25:05Red lipsticks are made with these beetles too.
00:25:10The rocks, metals and other minerals and things that make up the planet are packed into the ground more tightly
00:25:17in certain places than in others.
00:25:19This has surprising consequences.
00:25:22Gravity varies slightly depending on where you are.
00:25:25How high up you are also has an effect, so if you're at the top of Mount Everest, you'd also
00:25:31weigh slightly less.
00:25:32Don't look down.
00:25:35One scientist has a theory that a substance existed in ancient microbes before chlorophyll, that's the thing that makes plants
00:25:42green, evolved on Earth.
00:25:43This substance reflected sunlight as red and violet colors, which combine to make purple.
00:25:49If true, the young Earth may have been teeming with strange, purple-colored critters before all the green stuff appeared.
00:25:58Apples taste better when they're sliced because they're exposed to oxygen.
00:26:01It activates the enzyme called polyphenol oxidase, responsible for ripening and visible browning.
00:26:08The same thing happens when you hit an apple.
00:26:10The oxygen enters the apple through tiny cracks and it starts to ripen.
00:26:15Are you into white chocolate?
00:26:17Well, it's actually not even close to real chocolate.
00:26:20It's basically a mixture of sugar, milk, vanilla, and cocoa butter.
00:26:24Cocoa butter isn't enough for chocolate.
00:26:27It should contain chocolate liquor or powder.
00:26:31The only product that never expires, even if you don't store it in the fridge, is honey.
00:26:36It has a low pH and lots of sugar.
00:26:38That's why organisms that cause spoiling can't live in honey.
00:26:43If two pieces of the same kind of metal touch in space, they bond and get stuck together.
00:26:48It doesn't happen on Earth because water and air keeps pieces apart.
00:26:54People are more honest when they're tired.
00:26:56That's why most confessions are made during late-night conversations.
00:27:02Firefighters usually extinguish flames with wet water.
00:27:05It's water mixed with special wetting agents.
00:27:08These are chemicals that help water soak into objects and spread everywhere more easily.
00:27:15The sun is an average-sized star, and still it could fit 1,300,000 Earths.
00:27:21The star is also 333,000 times as heavy as our planet.
00:27:28People have been able to spell their emails in Morse code since 2004.
00:27:32That's when a new symbol, at, was added to the code for the first time.
00:27:37The character is actually called a comet, and consists of the A and C signals with no break in between.
00:27:46Not even twins have tongue prints that are alike.
00:27:50The tongue is a movable and strong set of muscles that almost never gets tired.
00:27:55It contains anywhere from 5,000 to 10,000 taste buds.
00:27:59Those little white and pink bumps on your tongue aren't taste buds,
00:28:03but each of them does have a bunch of them inside its surface tissue.
00:28:08Evolution gave us taste buds so that we can stay alive.
00:28:11For instance, sour and bitter flavors can be a sign that you may be eating rotten food or poisonous plants.
00:28:18The back of the tongue is more sensitive when it comes to bitter flavors,
00:28:22which is why we can spit out bad food before we swallow it.
00:28:26Salty and sweet tastes tell us if foods are rich in nutrients.
00:28:30By the time they're 60, the majority of people lose half their taste buds.
00:28:35Yes, your tongue is pretty cool, and its prints can be used for biometric authentication, just like fingerprints.
00:28:41Each of us have a different and unique tongue print.
00:28:45So, if you don't want to reveal your secret identity, keep your tongue hidden.
00:28:49That would be funny.
00:28:51Why do we even have fingerprints?
00:28:53Scientists had a lot of different theories,
00:28:55but they now believe it's because having them allows skin to stretch more easily.
00:29:00That prevents blisters, protects the skin from damage, and may improve our sense of touch.
00:29:06Humans are not the only ones with unique fingerprints.
00:29:09Koalas have them too.
00:29:11Only around 7% of people are left-handed.
00:29:15Left-handed people mostly chew food on the left side of their mouth,
00:29:19while right-handed people do so on the right.
00:29:21We lose almost 9 pounds of skin cells every year.
00:29:25Don't worry, we replace them quickly.
00:29:28We produce more cells than there are people living in the United States, every 15 seconds.
00:29:33Our body is always regenerating,
00:29:36and we replace our skin hundreds of times during one lifetime.
00:29:39Yep, our body regenerates, except for our teeth.
00:29:44They're the only part of the body that can't heal itself.
00:29:47We have teeth that are similar to a shark's.
00:29:50Their teeth also have a thing called dentin inside of them, and theirs are just as strong as ours.
00:29:56Of course, theirs are sharper and bigger, but still.
00:30:00Teeth are part of the human skeleton, but they're not considered bones.
00:30:03You'll spend approximately 38 days of your life brushing your teeth.
00:30:09And guess what?
00:30:10It's possible to brush them too much.
00:30:12That can make them more sensitive, because it wears down the natural enamel.
00:30:17Your left and right lungs are not the same size.
00:30:20The right one is bigger, because the left shares its real estate with your heart.
00:30:26Hiccups are something almost all mammals go through from time to time, not just humans.
00:30:31The record was set by a man named Charles Osborne.
00:30:35He couldn't stop hiccuping for 68 years.
00:30:37Guess no one told him about the whole eating sugar trip.
00:30:40There's only one part of your body that doesn't get a regular delivery of blood.
00:30:45Your corneas.
00:30:46They get oxygen directly from the air.
00:30:49Our eyes can differentiate between 10 million different colors.
00:30:53The muscles that help our eyes focus on something make around 100,000 movements a day.
00:30:59If you wanted to make your leg muscles do the same amount of work,
00:31:02you'd need to take a long walk, at least 50 miles.
00:31:06We can't all see infrared light or ultraviolet radiation.
00:31:11Only 1% of us can do that.
00:31:13And if you can see one of those, it doesn't necessarily mean you can see the other.
00:31:18Research says blue-eyed people all over the world may be related,
00:31:22or at least share a very distant ancestor.
00:31:25Scientists looked at blue-eyed individuals from Turkey, India, Jordan, and Scandinavia.
00:31:31They all had the same eye color gene sequences.
00:31:34They believe this trait comes from one blue-eyed person whose genes mutated around 10,000 years ago.
00:31:41Before that, people's eyes were just all different shades of brown.
00:31:45People with blue eyes are generally a bit more sensitive to pain than individuals with other eye colors.
00:31:52We blink about 20 times in one minute, which means we do it more than 10 million times a year.
00:31:59That thing about being similar to sharks, well, that goes for our eyes, too.
00:32:03If part of your eye gets damaged, you can replace it with a shark's.
00:32:08We can't sneeze with our eyes open.
00:32:11Try it.
00:32:12It's really hard to override your built-in reflexes.
00:32:15Eyelashes have their own life, too.
00:32:18One single lash lives for about 150 days before falling out.
00:32:23We all get goosebumps when we hear Good News, our favorite song,
00:32:27or when it's ridiculously cold in the frozen food aisle.
00:32:30It's a reflex we got from our ancestors.
00:32:33It happens when you release adrenaline.
00:32:35It makes your hair stand on end and helps you look more imposing.
00:32:40Rawr!
00:32:41Scary, huh?
00:32:42The human brain has 100 billion neurons and a memory capacity that's equal to more than 4 terabytes, which is
00:32:49a lot.
00:32:50Your brain uses more than a quarter of all the oxygen your lungs take in.
00:32:55And it's mostly water.
00:32:56More than 75%.
00:32:58Stay hydrated, people.
00:33:00It's not true that humans use only 10% of their brain.
00:33:03We use much more than that, even when we're asleep.
00:33:07Most of our brain is constantly active.
00:33:09We just don't use all parts of it at the same time.
00:33:12Out of all the species out there, humans are the only ones who can blush.
00:33:17It comes from a rush of adrenaline.
00:33:20When you see your face turn red, know that your stomach is turning red, too.
00:33:24How weird is that?
00:33:25When you crack your knuckles, the sound you're hearing is tiny gas bubbles being released.
00:33:31There are pockets of gas trapped between your joints.
00:33:34So when you stretch them, they make a popping noise.
00:33:38Oh, so satisfying.
00:33:41We use 43 muscles when we frown, but only 17 when we smile.
00:33:46No scientists are still arguing over this one.
00:33:49Say cheese.
00:33:50An average person eats around 33 tons of food over a lifetime.
00:33:55That's six elephants worth.
00:33:58We breathe in approximately 2,900 gallons of air on a daily basis.
00:34:03But we can't swallow and breathe at the same time.
00:34:07Most people need about seven minutes to fall asleep.
00:34:10And we're just about the only living creatures that sleep on our backs.
00:34:13Randy Gardner decided to set the record for the longest period without sleep.
00:34:19The year was 1964, and he stayed awake for 11 days.
00:34:23That's 264 hours.
00:34:25Guess he had pretty noisy neighbors.
00:34:28Amongst all animals, humans are the only ones with chins.
00:34:32When you're thirsty, it means the water loss you're experiencing is equal to 1% of your total body weight.
00:34:39If it goes past 5%, you might even faint.
00:34:42During your lifespan, your body goes from having 300 bones to 206.
00:34:48Over half of all your bones are in your feet, your ankles, hands, and wrists.
00:34:53The biggest human bone is the thigh bone, and the smallest one is called the stirrup bone.
00:34:59It's inside your eardrum.
00:35:01Your nose can recognize a trillion different scents, and remember 50,000 of them.
00:35:06Also, women are better smellers than men, and our sense of smell is 10,000 times more sensitive than our
00:35:13sense of taste.
00:35:14Our lungs have a surface area that's almost equal to the area of an entire tennis court.
00:35:20So, what's up with that feeling you get when you're going over a crest on a roller coaster, and your
00:35:25stomach jumps up into your throat?
00:35:27Well, the seat belt keeps your body in place, but your stomach, intestines, and smaller internal organs get a little
00:35:34air time.
00:35:35It doesn't do you any harm, but your nerves can't figure out what's going on.
00:35:40They really think your stomach has jumped all the way into your throat.
00:35:44We're all taller in the morning, because throughout the day, the cartilage between our bones gets compressed.
00:35:50That makes us around one fingernail shorter by the end of each day.
00:35:55Nose and ears, parts of our body that never stop growing.
00:35:59It's mostly thanks to gravity.
00:36:01The veins and arteries inside your body are long enough to make two trips around the world.
00:36:06Blood makes up about 8% of your body weight.
00:36:10When you listen to music, your heartbeat syncs with the general vibe of the song.
00:36:14So, choose wisely.
00:36:16Your skin is the biggest organ you have.
00:36:18It counts for about 15% of your total weight.
00:36:22Get this, you can burn more calories during sleep than when watching TV.
00:36:27Hmm, then what about sleeping while the TV's still on?
00:36:32Okay, now don't get freaked out, but our brains can store only 7 bits in its short-term memory.
00:36:38My brain, even less.
00:36:40Now, don't even try to compare your brain with a phone capacity.
00:36:43Not even the one you had back in 2005.
00:36:46A mere bite is 8 bits.
00:36:48That's why you can't even learn a phone number by heart.
00:36:51Our short-term memory functions just like a chalkboard.
00:36:54You can get some info, but sooner or later, you run out of space.
00:36:57To check your working memory capacity, try this test.
00:37:01Ask a friend to write a list of 10 words and read it to you.
00:37:05Most people recall 7 or fewer items from the list.
00:37:09Cats can't taste sugar, as they don't need to because of their meat-based diet.
00:37:13They are some of the few animals on the planet that can't taste sweet things.
00:37:19Speaking of which, you might not believe it, but in this picture, you can see an entire million different colors.
00:37:25Which, when seen in full size, it has 1 million pixels, and each of them is a different color.
00:37:31Although you probably wouldn't be able to name each of them,
00:37:34your eye surely recognizes the differences when seen up close.
00:37:38Nah, go ahead and name each of them.
00:37:43Cockroaches are tough.
00:37:45They can survive harsh conditions and have been around ever since dinosaurs ruled our planet.
00:37:50But the termite queen beats all that with a lifespan of 50 years.
00:37:55That's the longest any insect can live.
00:37:57Regular termites live only 1-2 years.
00:38:00Some of the strongest muscles in your body aren't in your arms and legs.
00:38:04They're in your head.
00:38:06Masseter is the main muscle responsible for chewing.
00:38:09And it needs to be the strongest for you to eat normally.
00:38:13And you know those muscles that allow you to move your ears?
00:38:16Those are temporalis, located above your temples.
00:38:19They also help you chew your food.
00:38:22Moving away from humans, fleas can jump up to 130 times their body height.
00:38:26To put that in perspective, it's around the same as an average human being jumping over the Empire State Building.
00:38:33Dogs are capable of dreaming.
00:38:35And if you have a dog, it's likely dreaming of you.
00:38:38Research suggests that dogs, like humans, draw on their everyday experiences when they dream.
00:38:45There are watermelons the size of a grape.
00:38:48Cooka melons, or if you prefer mouse melons, actually look like really small watermelons.
00:38:54But at the same time, have a citrus flavor.
00:38:58Mantis shrimp is one of the most colorful creatures in the world.
00:39:01They look rainbow-colored to us, but to those of their own species, they look like a whole burst of
00:39:07colors.
00:39:07Their eyes can detect billions more shades than ours.
00:39:11In Tibet, there are black diamond apples that aren't green or red, but dark purple.
00:39:17The place where they grow has plenty of ultraviolet light over the day,
00:39:21while the temperatures drastically go down during the night, which makes the apple skin get a darker color.
00:39:28Now, when hippos get hot, they ooze a pinkish liquid through their skin.
00:39:32It soon covers their bodies and protects them from sunburns.
00:39:36Yep, hippos come with their own sunscreen.
00:39:40Chickens are the closest living descendants of the T. rex.
00:39:43Really?
00:39:44Scientists compared the 68-million-year-old T. rex DNA with that of 21 modern species,
00:39:50and found chickens to be the closest match.
00:39:54Sloths are able to hold their breath longer than dolphins.
00:39:57They slow their heart rates, and they can stay that way for almost 40 minutes.
00:40:02Dolphins have to come to the surface to catch some air every 10 minutes.
00:40:06The starfish doesn't have either brain or heart, and neither does it have lungs.
00:40:11Yet, it has hundreds of tiny feet, allowing it to walk,
00:40:15and it also pumps water through them through the star's body.
00:40:18The water acts like blood for the creature.
00:40:22Honeybees have two stomachs.
00:40:23One stomach is for eating, while the other is dedicated to storing the nectar they collect from flowers
00:40:28so that they can carry it back to their hive.
00:40:32Dolphins always sleep with one eye open and never fully asleep.
00:40:36This is because their breathing isn't automatic,
00:40:39as they need to keep visiting the surface of the water for air.
00:40:42If they slept, they'd just drown.
00:40:46Humans are the only animals whose brain goes smaller.
00:40:49Yup, as we get older, it tends to shrink.
00:40:52It can do so even because of isolation and loneliness.
00:40:56Other animals, even some of our distant cousins from another side of the family tree,
00:41:00like monkeys and chimpanzees, have no problem with that.
00:41:05You can taste garlic with your feet!
00:41:07Mamma mia!
00:41:08Rub a clove right in your feet, take your socks off beforehand, and wait for it.
00:41:13The chemical, responsible for its unique smell, can be absorbed through the skin,
00:41:17even though the clove was never in your mouth.
00:41:20Weird, huh?
00:41:23The alpine ibex is the absolute climbing champion of the animal world.
00:41:28Mother goats with their kids seem to be defying gravity
00:41:31by scaling flat vertical cliff walls where no other creature can walk.
00:41:35Male goats, on the other hand, prefer flatlands themselves.
00:41:40Our lifespan is programmed with our cells.
00:41:43They constantly renew and divide,
00:41:45but they have a sort of internal timer that stops at some point.
00:41:49Some cells also stop reproducing sooner than others.
00:41:52On average, cells cease dividing when we reach the age of 100.
00:41:57That means if we find a way to trick ourselves into turning off the timer,
00:42:01we could potentially live forever.
00:42:03Or as long as your money holds out.
00:42:07Reindeer's eyes change color depending on the season.
00:42:10In summer, when the days are longer and lighter, they're brown.
00:42:13But in winter, when it's darker and days are shorter, their eyes turn blue.
00:42:18The blue hue helps them to see in the dark
00:42:20and prevents pressure from building up within the eye.
00:42:23It's caused by the pupils being dilated for so long in the dark winter months.
00:42:28Roosters stop themselves from going deaf when they crow by tilting their heads back.
00:42:33This covers their ear canal and basically acts as a built-in ear plug.
00:42:38Their crows produce around as much sound as running a chainsaw.
00:42:42Oy!
00:42:43The Earth's surface is not evenly shaped, which means mass is uneven too.
00:42:48That way, gravity is not the same in all spots on Earth.
00:42:52There's a mysterious anomaly in the Hudson Bay of Canada.
00:42:55The gravity there is lower than in other regions surrounding this area.
00:43:00And scientists believe it's because of melted glaciers.
00:43:03During the last ice age, that region was covered in ice, which is now long gone and melted.
00:43:09But the planet hasn't completely recovered from the icy burden.
00:43:13Gravity over any area is proportional to its mass.
00:43:16The glacier left an imprint that pushed aside a part of the planet's mass,
00:43:20which is one of the reasons why the gravity is weaker in that area.
00:43:26The strongest earthquake we've ever had was in Chile, a magnitude 9.5.
00:43:31If an earthquake ever reached magnitude 12, it could split our planet in half.
00:43:36So let's not do that, please.
00:43:39When sharks need their morning joe, they go to a cafe, too.
00:43:44Back in 2002, researchers found an area in the Pacific Ocean called the White Shark Cafe,
00:43:50where great white sharks come during the winter.
00:43:52They simply hang out, tell jokes and laugh at stories about how many humans they've scared,
00:43:57and then go back to the coast to scare us a little bit more when the weather gets warmer.
00:44:03Octopuses have three hearts, two of which pump blood to the gills,
00:44:06and the third one rolls it to the other organs.
00:44:09Their blood is blue, by the way.
00:44:11And they also have as many as nine brains.
00:44:14One is central, and eight are, you guessed it, controlling their eight limbs.
00:44:19Perhaps this is where the expression, thinking on your feet, comes from.
00:44:24Orcas are some of the most intelligent creatures on the planet.
00:44:27They hear each other's calls over dozens of miles,
00:44:30and have unique calls for every single one of their pod.
00:44:34These calls are similar to human names in function.
00:44:37Well, that's all I have for now.
00:44:39Bye!
00:44:44Now, with selfies taking over the social media world,
00:44:48phone companies had to adapt to the way people hold their phones and use their cameras.
00:44:52Apparently, most users tilt their head slightly to the right when taking selfies.
00:44:57With the camera located in the left corner,
00:44:59it makes it easier to make sure the camera will be in line with the usual tilt of selfie takers.
00:45:04Ooh, genius!
00:45:06This allows for a more natural look,
00:45:09making the image look better to leave you feeling great.
00:45:12Cameras on the back of most phones are on the left side as well.
00:45:15Sorry, left-handers, this was designed for the more common right-hander.
00:45:20Mount Everest might be getting all the attention.
00:45:23But Mauna Kea in Hawaii is technically the tallest mountain in the world.
00:45:28Measuring over 33,000 feet from base to summit,
00:45:31the only thing holding Mauna Kea back from the title is that it's mostly underwater.
00:45:38Australia is wider than the Moon.
00:45:40The Moon has a diameter of over 2,100 miles,
00:45:43while Australia's diameter from coast to coast is almost 2,500 miles.
00:45:48While it may be wider,
00:45:50the Moon wins with the land area.
00:45:52Over 15 million square miles!
00:45:55Phew, that's huge!
00:45:56And all that cheese!
00:45:59Antididaphobia is the fear that, at any point,
00:46:02somewhere in the world,
00:46:03a duck or goose may be watching you.
00:46:07The person isn't necessarily afraid that the duck or goose
00:46:10will get too close to them or even touch them.
00:46:12They just don't like the feeling of being watched.
00:46:15It was first described in a comic strip
00:46:18to show how anyone can be afraid of anything.
00:46:21Anything can be a phobia.
00:46:23A duck just watching my every move
00:46:25would certainly give me the heebie-jeebies.
00:46:27I might just quack up.
00:46:29Crows are pretty good at recognizing people's faces
00:46:32and have even been found to remember people for a long time.
00:46:36This could be a good thing or a bad thing,
00:46:39depending on how nice you are to them.
00:46:40You don't want to come across a crow
00:46:42that's holding a grudge against you.
00:46:44You probably can't tell which crow is which very easily,
00:46:47so it might be better to play it safe
00:46:49and just give them all a little wave.
00:46:54In the city of Yoro, in Central America,
00:46:56they have an annual event known as the Rain of Fish.
00:47:00Not that the locals get a choice for it anyways.
00:47:03Every year in May or June,
00:47:05a torrential rainstorm rolls through town,
00:47:08leaving a mass of fish flopping around in the streets.
00:47:11The phenomenon is believed to be caused by water spouts
00:47:14or water tornadoes,
00:47:16which drop the fish far from home.
00:47:18See food delivery for free?
00:47:19Yes, please.
00:47:21A photon, the most basic part of life,
00:47:24takes thousands, maybe millions of years
00:47:26to travel from the sun's core to its surface.
00:47:28But it only takes 8 minutes and 20 seconds on average
00:47:32to get to your eye once it's at the surface.
00:47:34That means that the sunlight we see is very ancient,
00:47:38older than the human race itself.
00:47:41There are only four words in the English language
00:47:43which end in DOS.
00:47:45Tremendous, horrendous, stupendous, and hazardous.
00:47:49Sounds like the teacher's comment on my report card.
00:47:53A single strand of spaghetti onto your fork has a name.
00:47:56It's called a spaghetto.
00:47:59In the Italian language,
00:48:00an I at the end of the word means that it's plural,
00:48:03while an O is singular.
00:48:05This goes for all types,
00:48:07like gnocco instead of gnocchi,
00:48:10fettuccino instead of fettuccine,
00:48:11and raviolo for a single parcel of goodness.
00:48:17Accidentally eating one of those fruit stickers
00:48:19on apples, peaches, and pears
00:48:20shouldn't worry you at all.
00:48:22They can be eaten, but they aren't exactly edible.
00:48:25It'll just leave your body as everything else does.
00:48:29The glue used for them is regulated by the FDA,
00:48:32but it's still recommended that you wash the fruit
00:48:34and remove the sticker before chomping down on it.
00:48:39Dolphins not only have names for each other,
00:48:42but they'll call out for their friends specifically.
00:48:45Makes you wonder what names dolphins have for us
00:48:48when we get in the water.
00:48:50Hey, look Frank,
00:48:51those hairless monkeys are back in the water again.
00:48:55German chocolate cake is one of the most delicious cakes out there.
00:48:58It's my all-time favorite.
00:49:00But its name has nothing to do with the country at all.
00:49:04Named after an American baker called Samuel German,
00:49:07who made the Tasty Treat in 1852.
00:49:11The Eiffel Tower can be 6 inches taller during the summer
00:49:15because of thermal expansion.
00:49:17When the iron heats up during really hot days,
00:49:20the iron particles expand,
00:49:22taking up even more space.
00:49:24Two planets in our solar system
00:49:26rotate the opposite way as the others.
00:49:29Venus and Uranus have this backward rotation.
00:49:32Venus also has the longest day of any planet in our solar system,
00:49:36completing a rotation every 243 Earth days.
00:49:41A baby puffin has the adorable name of puffling.
00:49:45To feed its chick,
00:49:47the puffin parent will carry about 10 fish in its beak at a time.
00:49:52While you sleep,
00:49:54you can't smell anything.
00:49:56Even really, really bad or potent smells.
00:50:00Our taste and smell senses
00:50:02are cut down by 50 to 20% during flights.
00:50:05This is why airplane food
00:50:07always tastes like cardboard
00:50:08or too salty.
00:50:10Sounds like a pretty convenient excuse
00:50:12from the airlines to me.
00:50:14Look at any watch advertisements,
00:50:17and the time on display should be 10-10.
00:50:20This is because of the positive effect it has.
00:50:23It looks like a smile,
00:50:24and usually the brand name of the watch
00:50:26is directly below the 12.
00:50:29Stewardesses is the longest word
00:50:31that is typed with only the left side of the keyboard.
00:50:34The word itself isn't used much anymore.
00:50:36Most people say flight attendant instead.
00:50:39Those dum-dums who call out,
00:50:41hey, you,
00:50:41are normally invited to exit the aircraft mid-flight.
00:50:46The longest English word
00:50:47is a crazy 189,
00:50:50819 letters long.
00:50:52I won't spell it out here,
00:50:53but it's the full name
00:50:54for the large protein nicknamed Titan.
00:50:57To say this out loud
00:50:58would take over three hours.
00:51:00So grab a snack and settle back,
00:51:02because we're gonna be here for a while.
00:51:05Nah, I wouldn't do that to you.
00:51:08Eunoia at six letters long
00:51:10is the shortest word in the English language
00:51:12that contains all five main vowels.
00:51:15Eunoia means beautiful thinking
00:51:17or well-minded.
00:51:19It's rarely used these days in the medical field.
00:51:22And if you add two of them,
00:51:24you'd then have a para-eunoia.
00:51:26Nah, not really.
00:51:28Glass balls can bounce higher than rubber ones.
00:51:31When a rubber ball hits a surface,
00:51:33it deforms before returning to its original shape.
00:51:36And a lot of energy is lost in this process.
00:51:39A glass ball doesn't compress at all,
00:51:42keeping a lot of its energy for the bounce back up.
00:51:45Here's a flash.
00:51:47Kangaroos can't walk backward.
00:51:49Their long feet and heavy tail
00:51:51make walking impossible,
00:51:53forward or backward.
00:51:55They can move side to side
00:51:56with incredible agility.
00:51:58But jumping back is impossible
00:52:00because of that large, muscular tail.
00:52:02So, let's go to the hop.
00:52:06The loneliest creature on Earth
00:52:08is a whale that's been calling for a mate
00:52:10for a long time.
00:52:12Researchers identified the whale's
00:52:14abnormally high call decades ago
00:52:16and is believed to have never received a response.
00:52:20The unknown whale is called lonely
00:52:22because it communicates at a frequency
00:52:24not used by any other whale in the Pacific Ocean.
00:52:27How sad!
00:52:29Meanwhile, the lyrebird can mimic
00:52:32almost any sound it hears,
00:52:34including chainsaws.
00:52:36The Australian species
00:52:38not only copy other birds,
00:52:40but other animals too,
00:52:42like koalas and dogs.
00:52:45In captivity,
00:52:47they'll also copy artificial sounds,
00:52:49such as car alarms,
00:52:50trucks,
00:52:51and chainsaws.
00:52:55The northern hemisphere
00:52:56holds roughly 90%
00:52:58of the world's population.
00:52:59No wonder the streets
00:53:01are so crowded up here.
00:53:02The cougar goes by more names
00:53:05than any other animal.
00:53:06The cougar has been given
00:53:08over 80 names.
00:53:09The puma,
00:53:10mountain lion,
00:53:11panther,
00:53:11and catamount
00:53:12are all the same thing.
00:53:15Just don't confuse them
00:53:16with bobcats,
00:53:17lynxes,
00:53:17jaguars,
00:53:18or leopards.
00:53:18They don't appreciate that.
00:53:21Most people can't
00:53:22lick their own elbow.
00:53:24The length of your arm,
00:53:25combined with the flexibility
00:53:26of your joints,
00:53:27makes this impossible
00:53:29for many.
00:53:29Your elbow is just
00:53:31far enough down
00:53:32on your arm
00:53:33that you can't reach it.
00:53:34Go ahead,
00:53:35try it.
00:53:35I'll wait.
00:53:36Okay, time's up.
00:53:39Octopuses and squids
00:53:40have beaks like birds.
00:53:42The beak is made
00:53:43of the same material
00:53:44that our fingernails
00:53:45are made of,
00:53:46keratin.
00:53:47They can also fit through
00:53:48anything that their beak can,
00:53:50making them
00:53:50the ultimate escape artist.
00:53:52Not you, Houdini.
00:53:54There are over
00:53:5531 million seconds
00:53:57in a year.
00:53:59We've recently discovered
00:54:00this tiny chameleon
00:54:01in Madagascar.
00:54:03At less than an inch long,
00:54:05it's the size of a seed
00:54:06and could fit easily
00:54:07on the tip of your finger.
00:54:09It's nicknamed
00:54:10the nano-lizard
00:54:11and shows how many
00:54:12tiny creatures
00:54:13could be hiding out,
00:54:14undiscovered,
00:54:15away from the eyes
00:54:16of scientists
00:54:17and researchers.
00:54:1911 plus 2
00:54:20equals 13,
00:54:22of course.
00:54:22And 12 plus 1
00:54:24equals 13.
00:54:25The 13 letters
00:54:27that make up these phrases
00:54:28equal each other
00:54:29in more ways than one.
00:54:31They are actually
00:54:32anagrams of each other.
00:54:34Wow!
00:54:35Anagrams, homonyms,
00:54:36and antitaphobia.
00:54:38That's a mouthful,
00:54:39but not as sweet
00:54:40as my German chocolate cake.
00:54:42Hey, I'll take seconds.
00:54:46There are two sides
00:54:47to every story.
00:54:49Just like to a regular
00:54:50cotton pad,
00:54:51two different textures
00:54:52to be more precise.
00:54:54One is smooth,
00:54:55and you're supposed
00:54:56to use it for more
00:54:56sensitive areas of your face,
00:54:58for example,
00:54:59the eyes.
00:55:00The rougher side
00:55:01can help you remove makeup
00:55:03and clean your face
00:55:04in less sensitive areas,
00:55:05like the forehead.
00:55:08If you like having greenery
00:55:10in your home,
00:55:10you've probably noticed
00:55:12the flower pots
00:55:12have holes at the bottom.
00:55:14These holes are the reason
00:55:16your green friends
00:55:17live a happy life.
00:55:18They're extremely important
00:55:20for water drainage.
00:55:21Thanks to these holes,
00:55:23you'll avoid stagnant
00:55:24water buildup
00:55:25that can eventually
00:55:26ruin your plant.
00:55:27Also, thanks to those holes,
00:55:30roots can grow
00:55:31and expand beyond
00:55:32the limits of your pot.
00:55:34Have you noticed
00:55:35aviator sunglasses
00:55:37mostly have green lenses?
00:55:39It has something to do
00:55:41with their origin.
00:55:42First,
00:55:43they showed up
00:55:43in the 1930s.
00:55:45Before that,
00:55:46pilots had goggles
00:55:47to protect their eyes
00:55:48while they were in the air.
00:55:50High altitudes
00:55:51with glaring sun
00:55:52and sub-zero temperatures
00:55:54were a real test
00:55:55for their eyes.
00:55:57The goggles
00:55:58helped them
00:55:59with those issues,
00:55:59but there was another one.
00:56:01Since the temperature
00:56:02differences between
00:56:03the air outside
00:56:04and within the goggles
00:56:05were big,
00:56:06the lenses would fog up
00:56:08and obscure the pilot's view.
00:56:10So, the company
00:56:11Bausch & Lohm
00:56:12came up with
00:56:13teardrop lenses
00:56:14surrounded by
00:56:15a light metal frame.
00:56:17These lenses
00:56:18were dark green
00:56:19because this tint
00:56:20cuts out blue light,
00:56:21which is also a problem
00:56:23for pilots
00:56:23when they're flying
00:56:24above the cloud line.
00:56:26Plus,
00:56:27green lenses
00:56:28also reduce glare
00:56:29and improve contrast
00:56:30and sharpness.
00:56:33Holes in the side
00:56:34of your Converse sneakers
00:56:35are those really necessary?
00:56:38Well,
00:56:39they allow air
00:56:39to enter your shoe
00:56:40so your feet
00:56:41can stay cool.
00:56:42You can also use them
00:56:44to style up your shoes
00:56:45and tie them
00:56:46in different ways, too.
00:56:49There are two reasons
00:56:50plastic bottles
00:56:51have grooves.
00:56:52First,
00:56:53if you're drinking cold water
00:56:54and it's hot outside,
00:56:56you'll see there's a lot
00:56:57of condensation
00:56:58on your bottle.
00:56:59Or maybe,
00:57:00if you're playing some sport
00:57:01or working out,
00:57:02your hands are sweaty
00:57:04and if a bottle
00:57:04had a smooth surface,
00:57:06it would be more difficult
00:57:07to grip it.
00:57:07So the ridges are there
00:57:09to improve your hand grip.
00:57:11The second reason
00:57:12is that because of these ridges,
00:57:14manufacturers can use
00:57:15thinner plastic.
00:57:17That means they need
00:57:18less material
00:57:18in overall production.
00:57:21And that plastic
00:57:22is still firm enough
00:57:23for the bottle
00:57:24to maintain its shape.
00:57:27Wooden coat hangers
00:57:28are not just there
00:57:29to look nice.
00:57:30Since they're made
00:57:31of cedar wood,
00:57:32they bring a nice scent
00:57:33to your closet.
00:57:33Plus,
00:57:34they repel bugs.
00:57:36They're also quite firm
00:57:37so they come in handy
00:57:38for heavy clothes
00:57:39such as jackets.
00:57:41And it's hard
00:57:42to damage them.
00:57:43So,
00:57:43they'll serve you longer.
00:57:46You may have noticed
00:57:47there's a colored square
00:57:48at the bottom
00:57:49of your toothpaste.
00:57:51These blocks
00:57:52mostly come in blue,
00:57:53red,
00:57:54green,
00:57:54and black.
00:57:56They are some sort
00:57:57of eye marks.
00:57:58Since they help
00:57:59manufacturing machines
00:58:00at the assembly line
00:58:01recognize where
00:58:02and when to cut
00:58:03the toothpaste
00:58:04and seal the end
00:58:05of the tube.
00:58:07Some boots
00:58:08have loops
00:58:09at their top
00:58:09and back.
00:58:11Looks like a fashion
00:58:12statement, doesn't it?
00:58:13Or maybe it's something
00:58:14that manufacturers
00:58:15add for fun.
00:58:16But those loops
00:58:17actually have their purpose.
00:58:19With them,
00:58:19you can pull the shoe up
00:58:20when trying to wear it.
00:58:22Plus,
00:58:23you can easily hang them
00:58:24or use the loop
00:58:25for better support
00:58:26for the laces.
00:58:28Confession time.
00:58:29Remember those attachments
00:58:30your vacuum cleaner
00:58:31came with?
00:58:32Did you also put them
00:58:34somewhere aside
00:58:35and never use them again?
00:58:37They're actually
00:58:37pretty helpful
00:58:38when you're cleaning
00:58:39the house
00:58:39because you can use them
00:58:40for particular areas
00:58:41that are sometimes
00:58:42hard to reach
00:58:43with the regular attachment.
00:58:46We all know
00:58:47what the vegetable peeler
00:58:48is for,
00:58:48but besides peeling
00:58:49the skin of carrots
00:58:50or potatoes,
00:58:51you can use it
00:58:52for onions too.
00:58:53It may be faster
00:58:54than doing it
00:58:55with a knife.
00:58:56Plus,
00:58:56it will save you
00:58:57some onion tears.
00:58:59Some sweatshirts
00:59:00have something
00:59:01pretty specific
00:59:02in the neck area.
00:59:03A V-shaped stitch
00:59:05you can see
00:59:06in the middle
00:59:06of the collar.
00:59:07The ribbed insert,
00:59:09similar to the ribbing
00:59:10at the hem
00:59:10and the sleeves,
00:59:11would allow the owner
00:59:12to put the garment
00:59:13on more easily
00:59:14and it wouldn't
00:59:15even lose shape.
00:59:16The V-insert
00:59:17would stretch
00:59:18so a person
00:59:19wearing the sweatshirt
00:59:20could get their head
00:59:20through the neck.
00:59:21Its purpose
00:59:22was also
00:59:23to absorb sweat.
00:59:24In its early versions,
00:59:26sweatshirts
00:59:26had both the back
00:59:27and the front
00:59:28of the collars.
00:59:29Through time,
00:59:30they lost the back one
00:59:31and this V-insert
00:59:32became something
00:59:33decorative
00:59:33since manufacturers
00:59:34started to stitch
00:59:35a V at the collar
00:59:36without using
00:59:37the ribbed material
00:59:38they had added before.
00:59:41Brightly colored squares
00:59:42or circles
00:59:43you see on food packages
00:59:44aren't an indication
00:59:46of vitamins,
00:59:47minerals,
00:59:47or certain flavors
00:59:48that food contains.
00:59:49And nope,
00:59:50it's not some secret code
00:59:52consumers are supposed
00:59:52to crack.
00:59:54It's actually
00:59:55for printing engineers.
00:59:57They're called
00:59:57process control patches
00:59:59or printer's color blocks.
01:00:01During the process
01:00:02of printing the food packaging,
01:00:04manufacturers use
01:00:05those colored blocks
01:00:06to check if the printing ink
01:00:07is correct.
01:00:08They compare the color
01:00:10of blocks they print
01:00:11to make sure
01:00:11the brand they print for
01:00:12has a consistent
01:00:13and recognizable quality
01:00:15all over the world.
01:00:17The majority of printers
01:00:19only use four colors
01:00:20yellow,
01:00:21magenta,
01:00:22cyan,
01:00:23and black.
01:00:23Some printers
01:00:24have additional colors
01:00:25such as green,
01:00:26orange,
01:00:27and violet.
01:00:29That's why
01:00:30you sometimes see
01:00:31multiple circles
01:00:32on certain packages.
01:00:33They test
01:00:34each ink color.
01:00:36Margins in notebooks
01:00:38They're not there
01:00:39as some sort of a guide
01:00:40for taking notes
01:00:41and writing.
01:00:41Someone came up
01:00:42with a potential solution
01:00:43that was supposed
01:00:44to protect the written work
01:00:45from, well, rats.
01:00:47They used to be
01:00:48pretty common residents
01:00:49in people's homes.
01:00:50They are known
01:00:51for their diet
01:00:52including basically anything
01:00:53like paper, for example.
01:00:55So, people started
01:00:57adding wide margins
01:00:58as an appetizer
01:00:59that was supposed
01:01:00to keep rats full.
01:01:02This way,
01:01:03they wouldn't want
01:01:03to get to the main dish,
01:01:05the written pages.
01:01:07Suits have a buttonhole
01:01:08close to the top
01:01:09of the lapel.
01:01:11Manufacturers sew it shut
01:01:12so you can't open it
01:01:13without ruining your suit.
01:01:15And when you compare it
01:01:16to the other lapel,
01:01:17you see that one
01:01:18is completely smooth
01:01:19without any clues.
01:01:21You won't find
01:01:22such an unpartnered
01:01:23buttonhole
01:01:23on a suit jacket only.
01:01:25Camp shirts,
01:01:26pea coats,
01:01:27and some other clothing pieces
01:01:28have them too.
01:01:30And they have to do
01:01:31with the history
01:01:32of lapels.
01:01:33The earliest ones
01:01:34showed up at the beginning
01:01:35of the 19th century.
01:01:36Before this,
01:01:37men mostly wear fronks
01:01:39with high collars.
01:01:40They would button them
01:01:41all the way up to the top.
01:01:42During hot days,
01:01:44they would relax
01:01:44the button stance,
01:01:46turn down the collars,
01:01:47and leave the top button undone.
01:01:49It was a relief
01:01:49from the swelter.
01:01:50Plus,
01:01:51their folded overlaps
01:01:52would be symmetrical
01:01:53at the chest,
01:01:54and today,
01:01:55we recognize that
01:01:56as a lapel.
01:01:58People stopped using
01:01:59that buttonhole
01:02:00after they came up
01:02:01with a lapel,
01:02:02unless it was
01:02:02for some formal occasion.
01:02:04Like, for example,
01:02:05when you wanted
01:02:05to put a flower in there.
01:02:07That's why suit makers
01:02:08left it
01:02:08as a fashion feature.
01:02:11Tea bags.
01:02:12It's pretty easy
01:02:13to guess what they're for,
01:02:14but they come in handy
01:02:15if you have smelly feet
01:02:16after a long day
01:02:17in your shoes.
01:02:19Just pop tea bags
01:02:20unused, of course,
01:02:21in your shoes
01:02:22during the night.
01:02:23By the time you wake up,
01:02:24tea bags are going
01:02:25to effectively absorb
01:02:26all the unwanted odors.
01:02:29Binder clips
01:02:29can also have
01:02:30a helpful purpose
01:02:31besides their main one.
01:02:33You can clip your money
01:02:34to keep it together.
01:02:36Same is true
01:02:37for paper clips.
01:02:38If your favorite
01:02:39bracelet broke
01:02:40and you're looking
01:02:40for a way to hold it on,
01:02:42a paper clip might help.
01:02:44Just hook one
01:02:45through each end
01:02:46of the bracelet,
01:02:47twist it tightly,
01:02:48and your bracelet
01:02:48is good to go.