- 14 hours ago
Discover the astonishing origins of common household products that you might think of as simple convenience items. Many of these everyday essentials were actually developed for high-stakes environments like military operations, aerospace missions, or extreme survival situations. Join us as we explore the fascinating history and innovative design behind these seemingly ordinary objects.
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00:01There are two sides to every story.
00:03Just like to a regular cotton pad,
00:06two different textures to be more precise.
00:09One is smooth, and you're supposed to use it for more sensitive areas of your face,
00:13for example, the eyes.
00:15The rougher side can help you remove makeup and clean your face in less sensitive areas,
00:20like the forehead.
00:23If you like having greenery in your home,
00:25you've probably noticed the flower pots have holes at the bottom.
00:29These holes are the reason your green friends live a happy life.
00:33They're extremely important for water drainage.
00:36Thanks to these holes,
00:38you'll avoid stagnant water buildup that can eventually ruin your plant.
00:42Also, thanks to those holes, roots can grow and expand beyond the limits of your pot.
00:49Have you noticed aviator sunglasses mostly have green lenses?
00:54It has something to do with their origin.
00:57First, they showed up in the 1930s.
01:00Before that, pilots had goggles to protect their eyes while they were in the air.
01:05High altitudes with glaring sun and sub-zero temperatures were a real test for their eyes.
01:12The goggles helped them with those issues, but there was another one.
01:15Since the temperature differences between the air outside and within the goggles were big,
01:21the lenses would fog up and obscure the pilots' view.
01:24So, the company Bausch & Lohm came up with teardrop lenses surrounded by a light metal frame.
01:31These lenses were dark green because this tint cuts out blue light,
01:36which is also a problem for pilots when they're flying above the cloud line.
01:41Plus, green lenses also reduce glare and improve contrast and sharpness.
01:48Holes in the side of your Converse sneakers, hmmm, are those really necessary?
01:53Well, they allow air to enter your shoe so your feet can stay cool.
01:57You can also use them to style up your shoes and tie them in different ways, too.
02:04There are two reasons plastic bottles have grooves.
02:07First, if you're drinking cold water and it's hot outside,
02:10you'll see there's a lot of condensation on your bottle.
02:14Or maybe if you're playing some sport or working out.
02:17Your hands are sweaty and if a bottle had a smooth surface,
02:20it would be more difficult to grip it, so the ridges are there to improve your hand grip.
02:26The second reason is that because of these ridges, manufacturers can use thinner plastic.
02:31That means they need less material in overall production.
02:35And that plastic is still firm enough for the bottle to maintain its shape.
02:41Wooden coat hangers are not just there to look nice.
02:44Since they're made of cedar wood, they bring a nice scent to your closet.
02:48Plus, they repel bugs.
02:51They're also quite firm, so they come in handy for heavy clothes, such as jackets.
02:55And it's hard to damage them.
02:57So, they'll serve you longer.
03:01You may have noticed there's a colored square at the bottom of your toothpaste.
03:05These blocks mostly come in blue, red, green, and black.
03:10They are some sort of eye marks.
03:13Since they help manufacturing machines at the assembly line recognize where and when to cut the toothpaste and seal the
03:19end of the tube.
03:22Some boots have loops at their top and back.
03:25Looks like a fashion statement, doesn't it?
03:27Or maybe it's something that manufacturers add for fun.
03:30But those loops actually have their purpose.
03:33With them, you can pull the shoe up when trying to wear it.
03:37Plus, you can easily hang them or use the loop for better support for the laces.
03:43Confession time.
03:44Remember those attachments your vacuum cleaner came with?
03:47Did you also put them somewhere aside and never use them again?
03:51They're actually pretty helpful when you're cleaning the house because you can use them for particular areas that are sometimes
03:57hard to reach with the regular attachment.
04:00We all know what the vegetable peeler is for, but besides peeling the skin of carrots or potatoes, you can
04:06use it for onions too.
04:08It may be faster than doing it with a knife.
04:10Plus, it will save you some onion tears.
04:14Some sweatshirts have something pretty specific in the neck area.
04:18A V-shaped stitch you can see in the middle of the collar.
04:22The ribbed insert, similar to the ribbing at the hem and the sleeves, would allow the owner to put the
04:28garment on more easily, and it wouldn't even lose shape.
04:31The V-insert would stretch so a person wearing the sweatshirt could get their head through the neck.
04:36Its purpose was also to absorb sweat.
04:39In its early versions, sweatshirts had both the back and the front of the collars.
04:43Through time, they lost the back one, and this V-insert became something decorative since manufacturers started to stitch a
04:50V at the collar without using the ribbed material they had added before.
04:56Brightly colored squares or circles you see on food packages aren't an indication of vitamins, minerals, or certain flavors that
05:03food contains.
05:04And nope, it's not some secret code consumers are supposed to crack.
05:09It's actually for printing engineers.
05:11They're called process control patches or printer's color blocks.
05:16During the process of printing the food packaging, manufacturers use those colored blocks to check if the printing ink is
05:22correct.
05:23They compare the color of blocks they print to make sure the brand they print for has a consistent and
05:29recognizable quality all over the world.
05:32The majority of printers only use four colors, yellow, magenta, cyan, and black.
05:38Some printers have additional colors, such as green, orange, and violet.
05:44That's why you sometimes see multiple circles on certain packages.
05:48They test each ink color.
05:51Margins in notebooks.
05:53They're not there as some sort of a guide for taking notes and writing.
05:56Someone came up with a potential solution that was supposed to protect the written work from, well, rats.
06:02They used to be pretty common residents in people's homes.
06:05They are known for their diet, including basically anything, like paper, for example.
06:10So, people started adding wide margins as an appetizer that was supposed to keep rats full.
06:16This way, they wouldn't want to get to the main dish, the written pages.
06:22Suits have a buttonhole close to the top of the lapel.
06:25Manufacturers sew it shut so you can't open it without ruining your suit.
06:29And when you compare it to the other lapel, you see that one is completely smooth, without any clues.
06:36You won't find such an unpartnered buttonhole on a suit jacket only.
06:40Camp shirts, pea coats, and some other clothing pieces have them too.
06:44And they have to do with the history of lapels.
06:47The earliest ones showed up at the beginning of the 19th century.
06:51Before this, men mostly wear frocks with high collars.
06:55They would button them all the way up to the top.
06:57During hot days, they would relax the button stance, turn down the collars, and leave the top button undone.
07:03It was a relief from the swelter.
07:05Plus, their folded overlaps would be symmetrical at the chest.
07:09And today, we recognize that as a lapel.
07:13People stopped using that buttonhole after they came up with a lapel, unless it was for some formal occasion.
07:19Like, for example, when you wanted to put a flower in there.
07:22That's why suit makers left it, as a fashion feature.
07:26Tea bags.
07:27It's pretty easy to guess what they're for.
07:29But they come in handy if you have smelly feet after a long day in your shoes.
07:33Just pop tea bags, unused of course, in your shoes during the night.
07:37By the time you wake up, tea bags are going to effectively absorb all the unwanted odors.
07:43Binder clips can also have a helpful purpose besides their main one.
07:47You can clip your money to keep it together.
07:50Same is true for paper clips.
07:53If your favorite bracelet broke and you're looking for a way to hold it on, a paper clip might help.
07:58Just hook one through each end of the bracelet, twist it tightly, and your bracelet is good to go.
08:05Did you ever notice that the toilet paper color is usually white?
08:09But this color wasn't always a favorite.
08:13In fact, colored toilet papers popped out on the shelves in the 1950s.
08:18Homeowners purchased pink, blue, yellow, green, and even black paper.
08:23Because these colors matched the interior.
08:26But eventually, many doctors began to associate the dye in colored toilet papers with increased health risks.
08:33Also, the dye didn't allow the colored paper to decompose as quickly when it was flushed down.
08:38Which increased the risk of clogging septic tanks.
08:42This made manufacturing and retail prices too high compared to the basic white paper.
08:47And eventually, the demand began to fall.
08:52And now, let's take a closer look at these fancy patterns.
08:56Most people probably don't care about the decorations when it comes to their toilet paper.
09:01However, these patterns still exist.
09:04But why?
09:05Well, there are several opinions.
09:08Some say it's just a marketing tool.
09:10Manufacturers use pretty decor to make their products look more aesthetically pleasing.
09:15And to make customers associate their brand with elegance and a luxurious lifestyle.
09:20Another explanation is more practical.
09:23These patterns fluff up the paper, which makes it more absorbent.
09:29Speaking of fluffiness, have you ever wondered why they have such rough toilet paper in public toilets?
09:35The most obvious answer is that high-quality toilet paper is more expensive.
09:40Also, companies prefer purchasing giant rolls of low-quality paper because they can change them less frequently.
09:47This decision also helps prevent stealing.
09:50Yes, people actually steal paper from public toilets.
09:55Have you ever noticed that light switches in public toilets are usually placed outside?
10:00Well, it's not a coincidence.
10:03Construction companies do it for safety reasons because, as we all know, electricity plus water is a dangerous combination.
10:11And light switches are connected to power.
10:13Therefore, electricity literally flows through them.
10:16Of course, professionally installed switches will have a bunch of additional safety precautions.
10:21But most builders prefer not to take risks.
10:24The UK has far stricter rules for light switch safety compared to the US.
10:29That's why, if you live in London, you'll probably find light switches outside the bathroom more commonly.
10:36But don't worry. Most bathrooms in the US feature independent electrical circuits.
10:41This provides additional safety in case of accidental electric shock.
10:46When any change in the electrical current happens, they should shut off automatically.
10:53There are so many awesome lighting opportunities in this world.
10:57But why are the traffic lights red, green, and yellow?
11:01Turns out there's a reasonable explanation for it.
11:05Before traffic lights for cars, there were traffic signals for trains.
11:09At first, railroad operators used white color to mean go, red to mean stop, and green to mean caution.
11:16But later, they realized that white wasn't such a good idea.
11:19Because bright white light could easily be mistaken for stars during the night time.
11:24So railway companies changed the white color for green to mean go, and yellow to mean caution.
11:30Because these colors are easily distinguishable from the others.
11:34And eventually, this tradition spread to traffic lights for cars, and became a standard.
11:39As for the red color, it has the longest wavelength, which means that drivers can see it from a greater
11:45distance than other colors.
11:47And the color yellow was chosen as a caution sign.
11:51Because it has a slightly shorter wavelength than red, but still longer than green.
11:58What's the dustiest room in your house?
12:01Usually, the answer is a bedroom.
12:03But why?
12:04Bedrooms tend to generate dust from skin cells, dust mites, and fibers from fabrics in your bed sheets, carpets, and
12:11curtains.
12:12If you have a pet, its fur and skin cells add a significant amount of dirt to this dusty party.
12:19Luckily, there are simple ways to make your bedroom less dusty.
12:23This includes making your bed every day, and cleaning the area regularly with both a vacuum cleaner and water.
12:29You can try to get rid of carpets, and unnecessary furniture and decor items that tend to collect dust.
12:37Also, pay attention to the quality when you buy curtains or bed sheets.
12:41The looser the fabric, the more dirt it collects.
12:44And finally, you can ban your pet from entering the bedroom.
12:48But let's be honest, you would never do that.
12:52Modern air purifiers, air conditioners, and ceiling fans can help make your sleeping area cozier.
12:57But make sure to clean them regularly.
13:00Otherwise, if your filter is dirty or clogged up with fur or any other pollutants, it won't collect new dust
13:06properly.
13:07And the dust would end up on your bedroom surfaces.
13:13Speaking of dust, did you know that you can clean the edge of a broom with a dustpan?
13:17This zigzag over here is not only for aesthetic purposes.
13:21You can use it as a comb for the bristles.
13:25Have you ever had these marks behind your ears after wearing your glasses?
13:30Sometimes, it can even take them weeks to go away.
13:33Well, it's a sign that the side pieces of the glasses, called temples, are not adjusted properly for your head.
13:39In other words, they're too tight.
13:42This can cause skin irritation and even headaches.
13:46If they're bent towards the area behind your ears, they can press on the fragile part of the skull.
13:52So, keep in mind that temples should not only have the correct size, but also correct adjustment.
13:58A professional optician can easily fix this problem.
14:02It's way safer than trying to do it on your own.
14:06Box graters can be used in a horizontal position, too.
14:10In many cases, it's much more convenient to grate a carrot or a big block of cheese this way.
14:16If you want to grate a soft product like goat cheese or mozzarella, you can put them in the freezer
14:21for about 30 minutes before grating.
14:24Also, there's a way to make the cleanup easier and prevent the cheese from sticking.
14:29Spray the grater with a small amount of oil before using it.
14:32And now, let's take a look at the most unpopular sides of the box grater.
14:38Have you ever used them?
14:39This side is actually designed for slicing.
14:43It's pretty handy if you want to make thin vegetable slices for your salad or pasta.
14:48Or slice potato chips.
14:50And these tiny punched out holes are designed for zesting or very finely grating.
14:57Graters are pretty useful for the next non-food tip.
15:01If you're on a budget, you can purchase this super cheap laundry soap.
15:05Grate a small amount and throw it right into your washing machine instead of using the regular washing gel.
15:12Did you know that you can change which way the refrigerator door opens?
15:16There are hinges over here.
15:18If you attach them on the other side, the doors will swing the other way.
15:22But before trying to do any repairs by yourself, make sure to disconnect the power source.
15:27And read the instructions for your particular model of the fridge.
15:31Have you ever noticed that there's a shiny side and a dull side to tin foil?
15:36Many people believe that it matters which side is used up or down because the shiny side would trap the
15:42heat better.
15:44But in fact, it makes no difference at all.
15:47The manufacturing process makes the two sides look slightly different.
15:51But they both serve their purpose equally.
15:55Tin foil can be used not only in the kitchen.
15:58Here's a little known battery hack.
16:01Let's say you're out of AA batteries.
16:03No worries. Use a smaller AAA battery and a bit of tin foil.
16:08Just insert it on one of the ends.
16:10This will work because both AA and AAA batteries carry the same amount of voltage.
16:17Did you know that Chinese take-out food containers unfold and turn into plates?
16:22All you have to do is just to disassemble it from the two sides and gravity will do the rest.
16:28By the way, the old school name for this type of paper board container is an oyster pail because it
16:34was originally designed to hold oysters.
16:37If you've ever gotten bored while waiting in a car like I have, you might have played around with a
16:42headrest.
16:43Yep, you can pull them off and they'll come right off relatively easily.
16:47It seems useless at first, but that's something you'll want to do if you're ever trapped in a car and
16:53need to break a window to get out like I do.
16:56Even a box of aluminum foil has its secret.
16:59On the side of the box, you can see a small tab you can push in.
17:03So simple, but that's what actually holds the roll of foil in place.
17:08This tab makes it way easier to unroll a sheet and tear it off without any frustration.
17:15Ever wondered why gripping a certain tool, handle, or even a pen kind of feels more secure when it's coated
17:21with a rubbery material?
17:22The keratin of the outer layer of the human skin is rough and stiff at a small scale.
17:28So, let's say you have a polished metal or glass which is stiff, but also a smooth and impenetrable surface.
17:35When you encounter that, the actual contact area is small, as is the friction at the beginning.
17:41Your sweat pores secrete moisture, which is why the keratin gets hydrated and becomes softer.
17:46Because of that, it requires many seconds for the contact area to increase to the same value it reaches almost
17:53right away with some soft materials like rubber.
17:56This mechanism might be used by our tactile senses when we want to identify materials.
18:02Now, the pom-poms on beanies and other hats have their purpose.
18:07And it's not just to look cute and fluffy.
18:09Well, at least they did have a purpose.
18:12One of the theories says French sailors used to wear hats with pom-poms so they wouldn't hurt their heads
18:17on the ship when the weather got rough.
18:19Yup, the ceilings of the ship were really low.
18:22When the waves were too big, bang, you could easily hit your head on the ceiling.
18:26So, the pom-poms came in handy.
18:28Now, they're just a cute addition to our winter cats.
18:32That mysterious drawer under the oven, the one where you keep all your kitchen gear you just don't know where
18:38else to put?
18:39Well, you used it well in that case, but the drawer was originally designed for keeping your meals warm, at
18:45least until you're ready to serve them.
18:48And that space under your lower cabinets that protrudes slightly and can't be lifted?
18:53This area is also called a toe kick.
18:56It's the reason why you can stand closer to the counter while cooking.
19:00Also, the doors of the cabinets are off the ground, so they'll swing over your toes.
19:05The cabinet under the sink isn't for storage either.
19:08Maybe that's where you keep your cleaning products, but its real purpose is to give you access if your sinks
19:14leak and you need to do some plumbing work.
19:18That weird little hole at the top of a lollipop stick you can see after finishing a candy is not
19:24a whistle.
19:25It has something to do with the manufacturing process.
19:28When pouring hot molten caramel into a mold, some of it will seep into this mysterious hole and harden.
19:35This way, the candy will stay on the stick and won't fall off.
19:40Keyboard letters aren't just randomly arranged the way they are.
19:43The first keyboard ever made belonged to the typewriter.
19:46Typists eventually got so good at their job, they started typing too quickly.
19:51So, the key arms would get cross-wired at some point and stuck.
19:55That's why manufacturers had to make the order of keys more random to intentionally slow down typists so they could
20:02keep the machine running.
20:04Do you like to let those brushes on the side of the escalators and malls polish your shoes?
20:09Believe it or not, that's not their main gig.
20:12The bristles are there for safety.
20:14People used to get their bags and clothes stuck in those escalators when they would stand too close to the
20:19sides.
20:20These nylon bristles kind of play with people's minds, and they keep their feet away from the escalator's skirt panels
20:26and avoid accidents.
20:29Most people assume bobby pins have curves for fashion, which is why they mostly place it in their hair with
20:35the wavy side up.
20:36But, those little waves are actually there to catch the underlying bulk of hair and grip the pin into place.
20:43So, the wavy side should go down.
20:46You've probably noticed measuring tapes mostly come with a metal stub that ends with a small slot.
20:52If your hands are full of stuff, simply hang the slot on a nail for measurement.
20:57If you take a closer look, you'll see the stub is a little bit serrated on one side.
21:02This means you can use it to mark the points so you don't even need a pencil.
21:07If you spend a lot of time in planes, you've probably noticed that little hole located at the bottom of
21:13the window.
21:14Nothing to be nervous about.
21:15It's what keeps us safe while flying high.
21:18It's something called a bleed hole.
21:20You can see right there in the middle of the pane of the three window panes that actually protect passengers
21:25from the outside pressure.
21:27This hole may be tiny, but it takes all that pressure off the outer one.
21:31The hole also gradually exposes it to cabin pressure, which helps with fixing pressure imbalances on the windows, if there
21:39are any.
21:40There's a number 57 staring at you from the middle of the Heinz ketchup bottle forever.
21:46According to the company, only 11% of people are aware the number really has nothing to do with the
21:52product label.
21:52It's actually a sweet spot, where you can tap to get the sauce onto the plate.
21:58So, next time you want some ketchup, there's no need to bang the bottom off. Just hit this spot.
22:04Grooves on the bottom of cups are there to make cleaning them in the dishwasher more convenient.
22:09When you place your cups upside down, these grooves will allow the water to flow rather than stagnate.
22:16This way, the water won't spill onto your feet when you take the cups out.
22:20The grooves are there to allow cool air to flow beneath the cup, too.
22:24They also keep cups from cracking when they heat up after you pour hot beverages in.
22:30You probably noticed that little dot next to the camera on an iPhone and probably thought it was a flash.
22:37Nope, not a flash, but a microphone in charge of catching sounds when you're using the back camera.
22:43Next time you're looking for a quick bite and decide for fries at McDonald's, check that bendable flap near the
22:50top of the box.
22:51Some like to bend it towards the fries. That way, you can cover your fries up and keep them warm.
22:56But if you're not that patient, you can flip the flap backward and basically turn it into a makeshift plate
23:02for your fries.
23:03Just bend it down firmly enough. You don't want it to spring back up and spread the sauce all over
23:09you.
23:09Take it from me, it's messy.
23:12In the 1970s, people didn't want toothpaste just to keep their mouths healthy, but also to freshen their breath.
23:19AquaFresh decided to answer that call, so they added a blue stripe to their product.
23:24Since consumers started paying more attention to their teeth and gums, the company added a third red stripe to their
23:30paste.
23:31The paste now has three functions – freshening, cleaning, and plaque control.
23:35And yes, solid white toothpaste can offer the same benefits, but brands continue to add stripes to their paste anyway.
23:43Speaking of toothpaste, do you know those colors on the bottom of tubes?
23:47The colors don't mean anything in particular.
23:50They're there to help in the manufacturing by telling light sensors where the end of the tube is.
23:56Thanks to it, the machine can cut and seal the tube properly.
23:59Hand sanitizers are commonplace nowadays, and you can apply them in many other ways besides just cleaning your hands.
24:06It also works great when you want to remove stains from your clothes.
24:11Sanitizer breaks up oily, greasy spillages, and does a great job as a degreaser.
24:16You can even use it as a deodorant if you get caught out on a hot day.
24:20Go check your box of aluminum foil.
24:22Does it have push-in tabs on the sides?
24:25They're there to keep the roll in place as you pull some foil out.
24:29Now flip a stapler upside down.
24:31See the metal plate on the bottom?
24:33You can turn it to get temporary staples, ones whose pins are bent outward and are easier to take out.
24:39Speaking of flipping stuff, do it with a salt jar.
24:42Nah, you should've closed the lid first.
24:44Now you've got salt all over the place.
24:47Okay, now you've done it.
24:48Look at the bottom of the jar. See the ribs on it?
24:51If you take another jar, say with pepper in it, and rub the bottoms of the two jars against each
24:57other,
24:57the salt will pour out evenly without you having to shake it vigorously.
25:01Same works with pepper, too.
25:03It wasn't their original purpose, but you can use soda can tabs to hang hangers on other hangers.
25:10By the way, the hole in the tab is there to put straws through and keep them in place.
25:15Post-it notes are supposed to be peeled off from the side like you're turning the page in a book.
25:20Most of us tear them from the bottom, and that just creates a crease and makes the whole note less
25:25sticky.
25:26The hole in your spaghetti spoon helps you measure the perfect portion.
25:30It's just enough for one person.
25:33Multiply that by however many people you're serving.
25:36Or maybe you just like to pig out on pasta.
25:39Hey, I'm not judgmental.
25:40Does the audio jack in your headphones have one, two, or three stripes?
25:45One band means your headphones just play sound.
25:48Two means stereo sound.
25:50And three mean the headphones also have a microphone.
25:54To prevent water from boiling over, just lay a wooden spoon across the rim of the pot.
26:00It only works for a little while, though.
26:02If the spoon's surface gets heated up to boiling point, the bubbles will just foam up and around it.
26:07That's why metal spoons won't do. They heat up too quickly.
26:11Silica gel packets can absorb up to 50% of the humidity in a confined space, so use them around
26:17the house.
26:18Take one to the lid of a container of dry goods, be it dog treats, breadcrumbs, cookies, you name it.
26:24Throw one in each of your dresser drawers. Just make sure they don't get accidentally eaten.
26:29Most people use bobby pins upside down.
26:32The zigzag part goes closer to your scalp.
26:35The texture keeps the hair and pin in place much better.
26:39Bubble wrap was originally created as wallpaper that would be easy to clean.
26:44But the decor idea didn't take off, so they found a new use for it.
26:49Now they help cushion items during shipping.
26:51And they pop so nicely, of course.
26:53Hey, just ask my dog.
26:55All crackers and some cookies have holes to make sure the final product has the right texture.
27:01These teeny tiny holes allow steam to escape, so your crackers and cookies wouldn't snap.
27:06If it weren't for these holes, also known as dockers, steam would build up inside the tree.
27:12And the final result might have been scrumptious, but it would have been rather oddly shaped.
27:17The scalloped edges on Ritz crackers are there so you can roll the cracker over your cheese so that you
27:23get the perfect sized piece to sit on top.
27:26It works for soft-dish cheese only.
27:28Don't try to cut some parmesan like this.
27:31Cheesily speaking, you probably grate your cheese with a cutting board or a plate underneath the box grated.
27:38Try a more convenient method.
27:40Flip the box grater and lie it on the side.
27:42This way, you get the finest shreds of cheese and it's mess-free.
27:47PVA glue doesn't stick inside the bottle because it contains long molecules, such as polymers and water.
27:54Once you squeeze the glue out, the water trapped inside evaporates, leaving only sticky polymers.
28:01Super glue doesn't stick inside the bottle because of a special chemical that hardens when it hits water vapor.
28:07So, the glue doesn't stick because the container keeps water out.
28:11The bread goes stale just because it loses moisture.
28:15When you add water to the flour, it changes texture.
28:18And the starch molecules get pretty disorganized.
28:21Hey, I can relate.
28:22That's why bread is soft and fluffy when it's freshly made.
28:25But the more it cools down, the more water it loses.
28:29Starch molecules get their original crystallized state back.
28:32Also, recrystallization happens way faster in the fridge.
28:36The sole of your sneakers and even the tires of your car are just one huge molecule.
28:42It's because when rubber is vulcanized, all the molecules become connected through the sulfur.
28:48So, they turn into one, but a really large molecule.
28:52Your jeans are blue on the outside and white on the inside because of a smart way to weave the
28:57fabric.
28:58The warp thread is dyed while the weft thread has no color.
29:02It's just white.
29:03This way, manufacturers reduce the amount of dye needed for each piece of clothing.
29:08By the way, most jeans are blue because they were originally dyed with indigo dye with a rich blue tint.
29:14This dye was picked for the way it interacted with cotton.
29:17When the cotton is heated, most dyes just penetrate it, but indigo dye stays attached to the surface.
29:24As a result, each time people wash their jeans, the dye molecules escape the fabric, leaving a unique pattern on
29:31each garment.
29:32Today, manufacturers use synthetic indigo dye.
29:37Bananas have thick skin to keep insects away.
29:40However, it gets thinner as the fruit ripens.
29:43Once the banana is ripe, it starts getting water from its skin.
29:46Birds and animals can also tear the thin skin easily.
29:50Hey, smart move, Mother Nature!
29:52The public toilets tend to be U-shaped for hygienic reasons.
29:56This way, anyone who wants to use it is less likely to get in contact with ceramic, normally swarming with
30:02germs.
30:04The bottled water has an expiration date.
30:07However, the water itself doesn't go bad.
30:09The problem is about the bottle.
30:11The plastic starts releasing chemicals over time, so the water gets contaminated.
30:16You can't drink it anymore.
30:18Glass-bottled water has an almost indefinite shelf life.
30:22Still, some criteria, as changes in room temperature, may lead to a slow increase of bacteria in water.
30:28So, it might go bad, too.
30:30If all else fails, try drinking it from the faucet.
30:34Who would have thought? Fresh water!
30:36In-flight food is way saltier and spicier than back on land.
30:41Airlines have to give an extra kick to all the dishes due to in-cabin conditions.
30:46The combination of dry air and changed pressure changes how we perceive taste.
30:51Also, the taste isn't only about taste buds.
30:54It's about 80% smell.
30:56But as odor receptors don't work the way they should because of dry cabin air,
31:01well, without some extra seasoning, the food would have been almost completely tasteless.
31:06And yes, I've been known to be completely tasteless myself.
31:10Veins appear blue because they're under our skin.
31:13And skin scatters more blue light than red.
31:15Also, the skin around the veins looks even redder than the veins, enhancing the contrast.
31:21And the veins appear even bluer.
31:23However, it's just an illusion.
31:25Our blood is always red.
31:28Trust me.
31:29Supermarket tomatoes look tremendous but taste bland because, for the past 70 years,
31:35farmers have opted for fruits that ripen more evenly and look better and more pleasing to customers.
31:41Wild tomatoes are dark green and don't ripen evenly.
31:44Still, the tomatoes the farmers grow have a teeny tiny mutation in one gene.
31:50That's why they're evenly colored but can't produce chloroplast properly.
31:54It changes the whole photosynthesis process, leaving the evenly colored tomatoes with less sugar in their tissues.
32:01As a result, these tomatoes tend to taste like cardboard.
32:05The moral to the story appears to be, go get some ugly tomatoes.
32:09Or tomatoes.
32:11The space below, a cup of noodles, is there to protect the noodles during transport.
32:16This technique is called a middle suspension.
32:19This way, they're protected better in their styrofoam cup.
32:22And it also helps those noodles soften more evenly and quickly.
32:26Now, chewing gum wasn't invented for keeping your breath fresh.
32:29It was supposed to be a replacement for rubber.
32:32But the rubber experiment failed, giving opportunity to a modern version of chewing gum.
32:38Sandwiches have all their filling in between two slices of bread to keep the hands clean.
32:44Well, at least it was so when the first sandwich was invented.
32:46Some centuries ago, I wasn't around then, the fourth Earl of Sandwich, John Montague, asked his chef to cook him
32:54something yummy he could eat without interrupting his long binge.
32:57The chef, I think he was named pastrami or something, wrapped meat and all the other ingredients in the bread
33:04to make the dish greaseproof.
33:06And finally, all the ingredients in margarita pizza stand for one of the colors in the Italian flag.
33:13Basil represents the green stripe, mozzarella represents the white one, and tomatoes, or tomatoes, represent the red stripe.
33:21And if you want it tastier, use ugly tomatoes.
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