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Afghanistan's mineral reserves, which are vital for the technology of the future and a carbon-free economy, are attracting interest from Russia, China and Iran. What impact will this windfall have on a population living under Taliban rule?
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17:12Three Afghans out of four live under poverty.
17:21A distress that we murmur in low voice.
17:25In a country where we must feign the hope to not attract attention,
17:30doubt is perhaps an exercise.
17:46In the name of Allah, my name is Najib Alas.
17:52I have been singing from 70 to 70 years old.
17:58Now it has been a little bit.
18:00Now I go to 11 to 11 to 11.
18:05Then I go to the house.
18:08My children come from the house.
18:12I was driving Iran from Iran.
18:15I was driving Iran three times.
18:17After I was driving Iran,
18:20I was leaving Iran alone.
18:24I was like,
18:25I can go to God's heart.
18:28I was like,
18:29I'm going to do it.
18:30At the night, I was tired.
18:34I didn't have to do a good job.
18:36We could have to do a good job.
18:38We could have to work.
18:40I can't believe that I can't believe that I can't believe it.
18:53The fear of the end.
18:56More and more women also live.
18:59The authorities will have to take their fundamental rights,
19:03including the of working in international organizations.
19:09Michelle is perhaps one of the last entrepreneurs in the capital,
19:12and the only one we will meet.
19:16Malgré l'oppression,
19:18the regime has not yet broken all the feminists.
19:21In the arrière-cours,
19:23these women try to invent their own economic model.
19:28It was not easy for me.
19:30I had to face many problems,
19:32from my family,
19:34who thought that I was too young,
19:36that I could not create my business.
19:38And on the other hand,
19:40the situation was not good for women
19:42who wanted to launch a business.
19:57And then I took the courage,
20:00and I told that this is the time that I should prove myself,
20:05and I should do this for me and my family,
20:08and for other women in Afghanistan,
20:10or in my community.
20:11According to the United Nations Unies program for development,
20:24the exclusion of women compromet the economic adjustment.
20:33For the Taliban,
20:35the challenge is not written in the figures.
20:38It takes place in the Ministry of Mines.
20:45A key step in our quest of response,
20:49which begins by a passage
20:50to the incredible museum of the Minerai Museum,
20:52which is at the heart of the institution.
20:58The new minister refuses all the support,
21:00but his voice accepts us to receive.
21:08is from the Muslim people.
21:11This was an issue.
21:13by this woman,
21:16is a man of the power,
21:18in 2015,
21:18also with a man TOMAS.
21:23in 2015,
21:24and a man of the power.
21:27the men and the women and women
21:27We can continue that day.
21:29We have a plan for the people who have been working,
21:31I am not sure how to use geography.
21:34I am not sure how to use the power of the Jazeera,
21:36but I am not sure how to use the power of the Jazeera.
21:40I have been involved in the military,
21:52and I have been involved in the military.
21:53I am not sure how to use the military,
22:25After the long tractations,
22:27we finally obtained the authorization to leave the Kabul and get us on a site minier
22:38first constate we can move without craint the roads are finally sure
22:45a true novelty after a half-century of continuous violence
23:04continue
23:06oh
23:17There was a war because of the no-amunniated problems.
23:21We could not have a problem here.
23:23We would not have a problem.
23:25We would not have a problem.
23:27We would not have a problem.
23:35All the country is now accessible,
23:37even in the most recent regions,
23:38like in the Indo-Kush.
23:46Not far from the border with the Pakistan,
23:49we are authorized to film this mine of Tourmaline,
23:52a semi-precious pierre.
23:55A mine that has been a long time.
24:01According to them,
24:03the critical miners remain under a strong surveillance of the government,
24:07they are worried about keeping control of this strategic sector.
24:15Let's go!
24:19Let's go!
24:20Let's go!
24:21Let's go!
24:22Let's go!
24:24Let's go!
24:27Let's go,
24:28Let's go.
24:31I met the湯 building in the Woods Bay,
24:34and we would work through a second-by-step.
24:38But the situation is not where it is,
24:41even if the people are not aware,
24:42Why are the Patriots?
24:42Yes, they are the right ones.
24:45They are the right ones.
24:47When they've done a few people,
24:48they're the opposite of their own missions.
24:49We'll save the most of the pacifus,
25:09This concession is exploited by an Afghan entrepreneur.
25:16Elle fait vivre péniblement 60 personnes.
25:47Wines in India, Bhavacharya.
25:51It is a miracle I have with this.
25:58As I have given up, I will have some trouble with my wife.
26:01My family is not allowed to prevent that before.
26:04Let me see how the water can help you.
26:10It is the area, which is hard.
26:13I don't have a job.
26:14I don't have a job.
26:17I don't have a job.
26:18I don't have a job.
26:21I have a job.
26:23I have a job.
26:25I am in the name of Allah.
26:37I am in the name of Allah.
26:41I am in the name of Allah.
26:44I am the Savior.
26:46I am in the name of Allah.
26:47I am in the name of Allah.
26:49I am a world for you.
26:52If you see me,
26:54it will be important.
26:55If you see in the name of Allah,
26:58you will be able to get out of your name.
27:02The name of Allah isTayat.
27:06For you in the name of Allah,
27:24Before 2021, the miners had to send a part of their revenue to the local chiefs.
27:30Today, they pay a tax directly to the government.
27:33A first step towards a central state with clear rules.
28:21The miners work 7-7 days on place for a few months,
28:25until they are able to earn enough money to finally be able to enter home.
28:33These diamonds of precious stones would be about 200 in exploitation in the whole country.
28:48The miners work 7-7 days ago.
28:54The miners work 7-7 days ago.
28:55The miners work 7-7 days ago.
29:08A big goal.
29:10La miners work 7-7 days ago.
29:27The miners work 7-7 days ago.
29:29The miners work 7-7 days ago.
29:36A Kaboul, the market of precious pierces is also entered into the ranks.
29:42We find Omayoun Khadem, negotiating in minerais.
29:46He is part of those who take profit of recent reforms
29:50in terms of exportations to the international.
29:52Here you go, this is quartz.
29:56This is quartz, you see?
29:57Yes, it is.
29:58You are from Afghanistan.
30:03From which one is?
30:05From Baaglan.
30:08It has a price, you can't sell it.
30:12You can buy it in one of your stores.
30:13I would like to buy it in one of our stores.
30:17We have not used to do that before.
30:24The government is used,
30:25This is how to get out of the village of the Kymah.
30:29For the village of the Kymah, we are the ones who are living in the area of the Kymah.
30:40To the village of the Kymah, the village of the Kymah is the one who is living in the area
30:45of the Kymah.
30:46European countries.
31:16Au sud de la capitale est réputé pour ses nombreux métaux.
31:25On y trouve de la chromite, de l'étain, du nickel et du fer.
31:30Et on y trouve Mesainac.
31:34Une mine qui abriterait le deuxième gisement de cuivre exploitable au monde.
31:39Vous avez des ressources qui représentent à peu près 57 millions de tonnes.
31:48Si ces ressources étaient exploitables en totalité,
31:52ça ferait de l'Afghanistan un des pays du top 5 des producteurs de cuivre dans le monde.
32:03Le site concentre toutes les attentions.
32:06Mais depuis 2023, il est fermé aux caméras.
32:11Les nouveaux propriétaires en protègent l'accès.
32:19Retour en 2008.
32:21Une entreprise d'État chinoise signe un bail de 30 ans pour exploiter la mine de cuivre.
32:27Montant de l'investissement, 3 milliards d'euros.
32:30Le plus important jamais effectué dans le pays.
32:35Le contrat doit générer jusqu'à 300 millions d'euros par an pour les caisses de l'État afghan.
32:41Applaudissements
32:44Mais très vite, le projet se heurte à deux obstacles.
32:48L'insécurité persistante dans la région.
32:51Et surtout, la mise au jour de vestiges archéologiques d'une valeur inestimable.
33:04Rester à l'arrêt pendant des années, les travaux d'exploitation reprennent seulement en 2024.
33:10L'extraction, elle, devrait rapidement commencer.
33:14Le régime taliban espère que Mesa Hainak pourra bientôt s'ajouter aux quelques 250 sites de production de cuivre actuellement
33:22en activité dans le monde.
33:26L'Agence Internationale de l'Energie estime qu'il faudrait 80 mines supplémentaires.
33:30Et donc, il faudrait lancer ces mines de façon à pouvoir avoir suffisamment de métaux en temps et en heure
33:37pour réaliser notre transition énergétique.
33:40Le problème, c'est que l'Agence Internationale de l'Energie ajoute qu'aujourd'hui, dans le monde, en moyenne,
33:45il faut 17 ans pour une nouvelle mine de cuivre.
33:50L'extraction des minerais stratégiques s'inscrit dans une dynamique de long terme.
33:55Un enjeu que la Chine a su anticiper.
33:59Aujourd'hui, elle règne en maître sur ce marché.
34:04Une réalité que l'Union Européenne, qui dépend à 80% de Pékin pour ses approvisionnements, commence seulement à mesurer.
34:13Pendant longtemps, les matières premières ont été l'angle mort de notre politique industrielle.
34:19Souvent trop compliquées, trop chères, trop longs à produire.
34:25L'Europe a souvent préféré acheter quasi exclusivement, en dehors de ses frontières, la plupart des matières premières dont elle
34:34avait besoin.
34:39L'Europe s'est dotée d'une liste de 17 matières premières stratégiques sur lesquelles notre industrie compte
34:45et sur lesquelles nous considérons que nous ne devons pas être dépendants de l'étranger.
34:50Donc ça veut dire produire en Europe au moins 10% de ces 17 matières premières sur le territoire européen.
34:59Ces matériaux, comme le cobalt, le nickel ou les éléments de terre rares, sont cruciaux pour les aimants permanents des
35:06éoliennes ou les panneaux solaires.
35:10Des ressources clés pour la transition énergétique.
35:19Face à l'urgence, le commissaire européen en charge de l'industrie enchaîne les déplacements.
35:26À une heure de Strasbourg, cette usine de géothermie extrait du lithium.
35:31Un métal essentiel à la fabrication des batteries des véhicules électriques, au cœur du développement des technologies bas carbone.
35:42Ce qui est ici du lithium, qui peut paraître basique, il y en a à peu près partout en Europe.
35:47Il faut pouvoir trouver les bons sites pour pouvoir rentabiliser ce lithium.
35:52Et donc ça peut paraître banal, mais derrière c'est peut-être aussi notre souveraineté et notre indépendance européenne qui
35:59joue.
36:02La carte mondiale des métaux critiques se redessine.
36:06Les acteurs évoluent, les stratégies s'affinent.
36:12Mais l'enjeu, lui, reste inchangé.
36:14L'accès aux ressources.
36:16Une nouvelle guerre commerciale est en train de naître.
36:24Les tensions géopolitiques vont nous mettre beaucoup de pression jusqu'à arriver à la souveraineté sur ces matières premières critiques.
36:33Et c'est une compétition internationale en réalité.
36:36Nous n'échappons pas à des conflits.
36:39Ils sont aujourd'hui diplomatiques, commerciaux, mais ils sont bien présents.
36:42Et donc on doit faire face à cette situation.
36:45L'élément le plus important, c'est la souveraineté.
36:47Aujourd'hui, elle n'est pas du tout assurée, puisqu'il y a un éléphant dans la pièce du marché
36:51des métaux, c'est la Chine,
36:53qui est un acteur absolument majeur de la production d'un certain nombre de minerais,
36:58mais également du raffinage de la plupart de ces minerais.
37:02Dans ce contexte général, l'émirat islamique d'Afghanistan entend jouer un rôle central.
37:09Les talibans se positionnent en partenaires potentiels, prêts à accueillir les investissements et à tirer profit des rivalités entre puissances.
37:18La militaire de la Afghans, c'est la Gambia des Nations pour l'értice des organizationales.
37:29Les multinationales, les multinationales, la géote du pays sont unixa de valeur.
37:35Les multinationales ont unmundat, afin de leur rendre une communication très bien.
37:38Nous ne pouvons pas vraiment dire qu'en a l'air.
37:45Nous nous considérons qu'en a une toute des multinationales qui ont été développées.
37:47Les multinationales qui s'adamné, afin de dire qu'elle est une super entière et une grande organisation.
37:47On l'a fait, c'est une grande passion pour la France.
37:48There are a lot of opportunities in Russia, Uzbekistan, Iran, Turkey, and so on.
37:58There are a lot of people in the Arab world who are interested in the Afghans.
38:05There are many different companies in the Arab world.
38:13This approach and these Chinese investments are not surprising.
38:17There are not many countries who are going to invest today in Afghanistan.
38:21It is necessary to be dictators who are somewhat less sensitive to the issue of democracy and of the human
38:27rights.
38:29In Afghanistan, China has made the part of its energy security.
38:35The Taliban, they, comptent on China to help them quickly develop their economy.
38:45The Emirates know that having mineral resources is not only a first step.
38:51It is still to control the process of transformation of the brute material
38:56by the industry.
38:58It is a complex operation.
38:59It is a complex operation.
39:03There are many communities that can be made on the soil and there are many of the chemicals
39:12My community by making it online to the air,
39:14When the Afghanistan language is not using it,
39:20the thing is that it's not working on your behalf.
39:26We must need to use the technology as more money.
39:26We must need to work in the Arab world.
39:29in Afghanistan, there are also other problems.
39:35It's important to know what's happening under the Earth,
39:37but what's happening on the Earth will also be important.
39:40Do we have routes? Do we have trains? Do we have ports?
39:44Do we have energy production? Do we have water supply?
39:47Do we have water supply? Do we have water supply?
39:49All these elements will make that,
39:51maybe, an identified gisement
39:54will not be economically profitable,
39:56so we will probably never look for it.
39:59Malgré ces incertitudes,
40:02la Chine poursuit ses investissements.
40:04Pékin achète et privatise les gisements.
40:09L'Empire du Milieu multiplie les offensives
40:11pour distancer ses concurrents.
40:13Avec un atout majeur,
40:15les nouvelles routes de la soie.
40:24Septembre 2013,
40:26Xi Jinping,
40:27nouvellement élu à la tête de la Chine,
40:29étant tourné en Asie centrale.
40:32À l'Université d'Astana,
40:33capitale du Kazakhstan,
40:35il évoque pour la première fois
40:36l'idée de ses voies commerciales.
40:42Les nouvelles routes de la soie pour Xi Jinping,
40:45c'est le grand projet
40:46qui devrait laisser sa marque dans l'histoire.
40:49Il s'agit de connecter concrètement
40:51l'Asie de l'Est et l'Europe,
40:53et tous les pays entre les deux.
41:00L'idée, c'est de reconstruire le commerce international
41:04autour de la Chine,
41:06de redonner à la Chine sa place d'antan,
41:08et bien sûr aussi de lui donner l'influence qui va avec.
41:12Ces nouvelles routes de la soie,
41:14en intégrant les espaces d'Asie centrale,
41:17pourraient permettre de désenclaver l'Afghanistan
41:19et lui ouvrir des perspectives régionales,
41:22briser les chaînes de l'isolement
41:24dans lesquelles le pays se trouve depuis le retour des talibans.
41:35Du côté afghan, ce qui fait saliver,
41:38c'est les sommes qui ont été dépensées
41:41juste à côté en Asie centrale
41:42pour les nouvelles routes de la soie.
41:45Et l'idée, ça serait de pouvoir profiter aussi de cette manne
41:48qui permettrait de stabiliser le pays.
41:53La logique, ça serait de construire des routes,
41:56construire du chemin de fer
41:58qui permettrait de connecter l'Afghanistan à ses voisins
42:01au nord, vers l'ouest,
42:03et de faire de la Chine vraiment le nouveau protecteur.
42:07En tout cas, c'est le fantasme actuel à Kaboul.
42:13Il s'estééééééééééééééérééééééééééé.
42:17C'était important.
42:18C'est important pour les règles d'abord
42:19pour le travail.
42:26Nous voulons nous vendre.
42:28On peut parler aussi de la personne,
42:29leur avait préféré.
42:30Il se déroule là des membres de la Chine.
42:32Il s'agit d'abord.
42:34Nous sommes sûrs de prendre une la Chine.
42:37Il s'agit d'abord pour faire de la chine.
42:41In the midst of these regional alliances, the Afghan regime can turn the Western blocs to ensure a minimum of
42:49recognition.
42:53A realist, as the support of Pékin is now determined in the reorganization of the diplomatic relations.
43:05Although the Chinese, from their side, seem to be installed in Kaboul for a long time.
43:11In the Afghan capital, a man was imposed as a key speaker for the investors of Pékin, Yu Mingui.
43:19After investing a million euros in the trade of Lapis Lazuli, a precious pierre,
43:25he turned towards the importation of Chinese products.
43:29In the past, the Dari, the local language, and deeply immersed in the Afghan culture,
43:37he became a bridge between Kaboul and Pékin.
43:47We must have a number of people in Afghanistan.
44:01We can have a number of Ordersters, and therefore continue to be accustomed to the Afghan regime.
44:05We should be in the network.
44:05We should be able to build out our thoughts.
44:07We should get the strategy, and we should be able to carry the military together.
44:09We should be able to carry the way in the man at the time.
44:09We will not know more.
44:33This meeting will be a visit from GDI, the secret services of the regime.
44:42This control is inopinous on the nervousness of Kabul.
44:46The Afghan government protects the commercial interests of its partners
44:50and doesn't want to be interested in it.
45:00The investment in Afghanistan remains suspended in one condition,
45:05the guarantee of a safe environment for its ressortis.
45:09Peace be upon you.
45:13Peace be upon you.
45:17Peace be upon you.
45:49for the Islamic State of Khorasan to make the coup they made in Syria-Irak and to create their caliphate.
45:55This would be a catastrophe scenario for the Chinese and for the whole region.
45:59The Chinese needs to be desperate to put their hands on resources that they control and that they are stable.
46:05Because if there is something that the Chinese hate, it's instability.
46:13In this climate, the Taliban try to reassure.
46:17They have to release the road of a new capital,
46:20located a few tens of kilometers from Kabul.
46:30A city that must symbolize the national unity
46:33and incarnate the modern face of the regime, the new Afghanistan.
46:44The northernmost city called Mongolia
46:45The southernmost city of Khorasan is about 700 kilometers of the region.
46:51The city is called the northernmost city.
46:59In a statewide city for a new country,
47:04they are able to run the fire in the new cities.
47:07and some of the problems that have been solved.
47:15We have been able to provide the services and services in the city
47:21and the parks.
47:23We have been able to provide the services.
47:28We have been able to provide the services and services.
47:36the madame talk is an at madame about one name the door for us and process
47:41became enough or jazza panneau san
47:45derrière ces discours de modernisation se profil une toute autre réalité le
47:50pouvoir taliban est loin d'être homogène
47:52les décisions politiques sont prises bien loin d'ici à kandahar le berceau
48:07historique et spirituel du mouvement
48:14on a en effet deux pôles en afghanistan en termes de pouvoir d'influence kaboul où se
48:21trouvent les ministères et kandahar où se trouve le chef suprême et les gens
48:26autour de lui qui représente l'orientation idéologique on a en ce moment les gens
48:32qui entourent le chef suprême qui poussent à une certaine logique idéologique peu
48:37importe le coup que ça pourrait avoir dans le rapport avec la communauté
48:41internationale et de l'autre côté des ministères qui eux ne sont pas
48:47forcément des modérés mais ce sont des pragmatiques et qui veulent réintégrer
48:51l'afghanistan dans la communauté internationale et pour ça il faut
48:55savoir mettre de l'eau dans son vin autant qu'on puisse utiliser cette
48:58expression avec les talibans une dualité qui alimente des tensions internes et
49:06limite le gouvernement dans sa recherche de partenaires
49:09sur le plan diplomatique plusieurs pays aux orientations politiques éloignés de nos
49:16démocraties comme la chine la russie l'ouzbékistan ou encore l'iran ont déjà
49:22rétabli leur présence à kaboul face à ce bloc du côté occidental les
49:28ambassades restent close
49:33pourtant nous rencontrons de façon inattendue un émissaire américain
49:42diplomate non officiel en mission d'évaluation économique il accepte de
49:47nous accorder un bref entretien entre deux déplacements
49:53les membres de l'Afghanistan et les membres de l'Afghanistan
49:53il y avait beaucoup de gens comme moi ici depuis 20 ans plus
49:56ans mais maintenant je suis un des peu qui revient à l'Afghanistan
50:02je suis encore plus en train de l'Afghanistan de l'Afghanistan en
50:04spite de les problèmes qu'ils ont passé depuis 2021 et le
50:09taliban takeover mais je représente l'Afghanistan de
50:14commerce et beaucoup de nos membres sont des
50:36exceits de l'Afghanistan et les
50:47come and those partners I think would would be interested in coming if the
50:52whole situation progressed where human rights were once again provided to
50:58everyone so since the Taliban takeover no US mining company which is usually
51:10international mining company have been willing to come to Afghanistan because
51:15of what the emir and his edicts represent international mining companies have
51:22shareholders shareholder agreements stipulate for many international mining
51:26companies that they are not allowed to invest in fragile or conflict states that
51:31violate the basic human rights of more than 50% of their population
51:39the afghan is not limited to an economic or environmental problem it is also
51:45deeply political a shared opinion at the European level
51:54the problem is to know if we are able to support the political risk and the
51:58geopolitical risk associated with investments in these countries
52:01China who has taken a lot of avance today in this sector is ready to take
52:06this risk today we would prefer to make projects perhaps a little
52:10cheaper but in the zones where we consider that the risk
52:13political risk is more acceptable I think we can diversify without
52:17going to Kaboul or doing partnership at this stage all
52:22what we have as partners respect the social and environmental standards
52:27the other countries are equally strong and particularly high-risk
52:31its a huge power to create a country of more than 200 countries
52:35global warming companies and the other countries have been
52:38desenvolvably more than 200 countries and the ones
52:45our country are very important to explore the world
52:51of local governments and the media countries and the other countries
52:52that politics of the world have been discriminated by holding the
52:56country of the country and the country is a happy
52:56country that the country that is friendly to the country
52:57is one of the country that we have the country that we have a
53:01It is important in Afghanistan and Afghanistan, but it is important in the way that it is important in Afghanistan.
53:10The people of the world are telling us that if we leave the world in our own situation,
53:17we will not be able to enter into our work.
53:19We believe that we will be able to live in 10 years,
53:22and we will not be able to enter into our lives.
53:26We will not be able to enter into our lives.
53:29We will not be able to enter into our lives.
53:37The war of the Taliban could also become a new fatalism,
53:43causing corruption and personal fortune,
53:46leaving the Afghan people in the mirror of its riches.
53:55Disposées de ressources minières,
53:56ne garantit pas qu'elles profiteront à tous.
54:05C'est toute l'ironie et la tragédie
54:07de ce qu'on appelle la malédiction des minerais.
54:11Là où la terre est généreuse,
54:13les peuples sont trop souvent démunis.
54:19Reste à espérer qu'un jour,
54:21l'Afghanistan pourra puiser dans son trésor
54:23non plus les combustibles de la violence,
54:26mais les fondations d'une paix durable.
54:40de cette question
54:42vis-à-vis de la mort.
54:45...
54:45...
54:54...
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