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On 11 December 1994, a bomb explodes on Philippine Airlines Flight 434 on the second leg of a service from Manila to Tokyo via Cebu City, killing a passenger, injuring many people and damaging some of the aircraft's control systems. The crew successfully lands the aircraft at Naha Airport in Okinawa. Subsequent investigation determined that Ramzi Yousef, a terrorist, smuggled the bomb aboard the aircraft on the first leg of its flight.
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00:01a deadly explosion rocks an airliner flying at 10,000 meters a bomb has
00:07exploded on board Bravo Oscar Mike Bravo the blast kills a passenger and cripples
00:13the plane the cruise struggles to save 293 lives the bombing sets in motion an
00:21international manhunt while the terrorist prepares to strike again
00:52on December the 11th 1994 Philippine Airlines flight 434 is two hours into
00:59the second leg of a routine flight from Manila to Tokyo an unsuspecting passenger
01:04is sitting on a ticking bomb the explosion on board cripples the flight
01:12control system unless the pilot can regain control the jumbo jet may crash into the
01:18Pacific Ocean
01:23this is Philippine Airlines 434 a bomb has exploded on board Bravo Oscar Mike
01:30Bravo the bombing is a frightening new development by a terrorist on the
01:37cutting edge of science the way that the timing device was hidden inside the
01:43Casio watch just made the whole the whole thing very concealable and and very
01:49worrisome but this is more than the hunt for a terrorist bomber this is a story of
01:55how investigators make a shocking discovery the explosion on pal 434 is
02:01only a test for an attack on American carriers an attack that would dwarf every
02:07other terrorist atrocity at the time
02:21it's before sunrise on December the 11th 1994 while most inhabitants of this city of a
02:27million and a half have a few more hours to sleep 26 year old Amaldo Forlani makes an early start
02:45for Lonnie is not his real name it's the alias he's chosen for today's mission he's actually from
02:51Pakistan not Italy he is putting his latest invention through an important test
02:56everything must go like clockwork in his line of work there's no room for error
03:05he is a highly skilled terrorist bomb builder
03:14he packs the liquid explosive bomb very carefully
03:23he arrives in plenty of time for his 5 a.m. flight with Philippine Airlines
03:31before he can board the bomber must outwit airport security screening procedures he's
03:38designed the components of his bomb to pass undetected by x-ray and metal detection equipment or so he hopes
03:54he bought the ticket as Amaldo Forlani he's a skilled forger and he has made himself a fake Italian passport
04:01with that identity
04:03if his cover is blown his career as a globe-trotting terrorist is over
04:28having successfully got the bomb through airport security he boards his Philippine Airlines flight
04:36the final destination of power 434 is Tokyo but there's a stopover in the Philippine resort town of Cebu over
04:44550 kilometers to the south of Manila this is as far as the bomber is flying today
04:58that's 10,000 feet and weather still looking clear thanks thanks I'm engaging autopilot
05:09good morning ladies and gentlemen this is your captain Ed Reyes speaking welcome aboard flight 434 flying south from Manila
05:16to Cebu
05:17and continuing onward to Narita Airport Tokyo flight 434 is under the command of
05:22captain Ed Reyes a former Air Force pilot who's been flying for Philippine
05:26Airlines for nine years and our estimated arrival time is now 545 the weather is the
05:33first leg of the flight is fairly empty passengers are scattered around the
05:38jumbo jets 400 seats after takeoff the bomber is able to move
05:45he chooses seat 26 K located directly over the center fuel tank in some 747s
05:52the cabin is tended by stewardess Maria de la Cruz she flies domestic routes and has worked for Philippine Airlines
05:59for one year
06:08now the bomber must find a vacant lavatory to assemble the explosive device arming
06:15the bomb only takes minutes but requires total concentration
06:28the final step is setting the timer so it will explode in four hours time long after he leaves the
06:34plane
06:45he hides the bomb in the life jacket pocket underneath his seat
06:53he then changes seats
07:10when she returns Maria de la Cruz notices that the roving passenger has moved seats again
07:17she will remember that he left his breakfast untouched and that the rest of the flight passed
07:22uneventfully
07:31as Philippine Airlines flight 434 begins its final approach into Cebu more passengers are getting ready to board the aircraft
07:39that will take them onwards to Tokyo
07:48coming through prepare for landing command doors to automatic
07:57how 434 lands in Cebu at 650 a.m. and several of the passengers disembark including the terrorist with the
08:05alias Amaldo Forlani
08:11Maria de la Cruz will also leave flight 434 a new cabin crew will take over for the four and
08:18a half hour flight to Tokyo
08:27two hundred and fifty six new passengers board the 747 that arrived from Manila
08:34many of the passengers in this cabin a Japanese
08:38among them is 24-year-old engineer Haruki Ikegami
08:44he's looking forward to getting home to Tokyo after his first trip overseas
08:53airport congestion delays the departure by 38 minutes but the timer on the bomb and the seat 26 K continues
09:01to tick
09:078.30 a.m. December the 11th 1994 all passengers for Philippine Airlines flight 434 are now on board for
09:15the leg to Tokyo
09:19none of them is aware that two hours earlier a terrorist planted a time bomb under one of their seats
09:29steward Fernando Bayot is assisting passengers in the forward cabin on this four and a half hour flight
09:36at 8.38 pal 434 is cleared for takeoff
09:41on the flight deck
09:43captain Ed Reyes is assisted by first officer Jaime Herrera and systems engineer Dexter Comendador
09:51Reyes and Comendador are both former Air Force pilots
10:06a rookie Ikegami is seated in 26 K the seat occupied by the bomber earlier on the first leg of
10:13flight 434 from Manila to Sibu
10:18several passengers in this cabin are co-workers traveling with a Japanese tour group including Keisuke Aoki and Masaharu Moshizuki
10:32after takeoff everything seemed normal we were flying at 10,000 meters I was reading a magazine then the meal
10:42was served
10:43after eating I went to sleep 31 year old Yukihiko Sui stayed up all night on the last day of
10:51his trip and he's ready to nap after breakfast
10:55he's sitting in row 27 one row behind the seat vacated by the bomber four hours earlier
11:02ladies and gentlemen this is your captain speaking it's a beautiful day in Tokyo
11:07sunny and 26 degrees I expect we'll be landing at Narita Airport in two hours time
11:13two hours into the flight pal 434 is cruising on autopilot 10,000 meters above Minami
11:19Daito Island southern Japan to ease the pilots workload the autopilot remains on throughout the flight
11:26keeping the aircraft on a constant heading and altitude
11:49god forgive me that was my inner thought you know god forgive me I think I'm going to die now
12:01then after that I have to do what I had to do
12:03oh I've lost control I have control Dex check the presentation loss be prepared
12:09check the QRH for although the autopilot instantly corrects the aircraft bank to the right
12:14the effect of the blast is far from over
12:18there was a loud bang which woke me up I could feel the plane expanding from the pressure
12:24I saw smoke as well as debris falling like powder
12:34the injured people were trying to get away from the area where the bomb was
12:47I stood up and saw that a lot of people were bleeding I thought my life was over
12:54stay in your seat please the cabin crew's first priority is to stop passengers leaving their seats
13:00Yukihiko Usui is sitting in the road directly behind the explosion both his legs are badly wounded
13:08steward fernando bayot moves him away from the blast site
13:22please sit down and fasten your seatbelt
13:28I ought now turns his attention to haruki ikigami
13:32he has been swallowed by the smoking hole where c26k used to be
13:36I saw this man only his head and his arms were peering out of the hole so I tried to
13:44pull him out
13:50after the struggle to lift him out Bayot realizes that part of the lower half of ikigami's body is missing
14:01within a couple of minutes he dies
14:05the cabin crew do not want ikigami's death to panic passengers so they pretend to minister to him
14:12I ought to then reports to the captain
14:19okay
14:22keep the passengers calm make sure they stay in their seats
14:24there's been an explosion in row 26 one dead and several injured in the cabins full of smoke
14:28there's a hole in the floor go inspect the damage decks
14:31yes sir
14:33Reyes first concern is that the blast could make a hole in the aircraft skin
14:36this would lead to sudden depressurization in the cabin and necessitate an emergency descent
14:42there was a huge gaping hole
14:45uh beside her and
14:48if a small tear in the skin of the aircraft
14:52was uh
14:54if there were a hole there
14:57it most probably would open up and then pull us out
15:02of the aircraft
15:03when I saw that there was no damage to the outer skin
15:09I went up and reported to the captain
15:12well we assumed that the pressurization system would hold
15:18immediately after the explosion
15:20the co-pilot's steering wheel slams to the right
15:23and the aircraft banks in the same direction
15:26the autopilot immediately corrects the deviation
15:29but soon Reyes discovers that the autopilot's steering system
15:33is another victim of the blast
15:34then I said
15:36okay I'm going to try to turn the airplane using the autopilot
15:39but there was no reaction
15:40whether I tried it to make it go down or up
15:45or left and right turns
15:46no reaction
15:47I said
15:48now we have a problem
15:51this is not Reyes only problem
15:54in the cabin
15:55one of the injured passengers needs urgent medical attention
16:01Tokyo is still two and a half hours away
16:03and Reyes decides to try and land at Naha airport
16:06on the island of Okinawa
16:08located 74 kilometers to the west
16:10he orders the co-pilot to make a mayday call
16:14yes sir
16:16Naha, PAL 434
16:18heavy declaring emergency
16:20explosion on board
16:21we have casualties
16:22requesting emergency landing at Naha
16:24we will need full emergency services on landing
16:27PAL 434
16:28Naha
16:29please repeat
16:30say again
16:31Naha
16:32PAL 434
16:33heavy declaring emergency
16:34explosion on board
16:35we have casualties
16:36request emergency landing at Naha
16:38we will need full emergency services on landing
16:40getting the Japanese air traffic controller
16:42to understand the emergency
16:43proves to be difficult
16:44Naha
16:45Naha
16:46this is Philippine Airlines
16:48434
16:49flight level
16:50330
16:51a bomb has exploded on board
16:54bravo
16:54Oscar
16:55Mike bravo
16:56bomb explosion
16:57request emergency landing at Naha
17:00and there was silence
17:03then the controller came in
17:05another controller
17:06an American
17:07okay
17:08Philippine 434
17:09I'm taking over
17:10the American air traffic controller
17:12is from an American base on Okinawa
17:14turn left
17:15heading
17:16no I shut back
17:17we cannot turn at this moment yet
17:20we will tell you when we are starting to turn
17:22towards Naha
17:23we have problems with our flight controls
17:26ladies and gentlemen this is your captain speaking
17:29we will be making an early landing at Naha airport in Okinawa
17:34we will be landing as soon as possible so please remain in your seat with your seatbelt fastened
17:39but landing at Naha is easier said than done
17:43the autopilot is not responding to any of Reyes commands
17:46and PAL 434 is heading straight past Okinawa
17:51Reyes must find a way to steer if he is to have any chance of landing safely
17:58but disengaging the autopilot might result in losing what minimal control he still has over the aircraft
18:03ok
18:04ok
18:06let's keep the seatbelt sign on
18:08when we disengage the autopilot we might lose control so be ready
18:13since the autopilot won't react
18:15to any inputs that I make
18:17I was scared if I disengage the autopilot
18:21the aircraft might make a sudden bang to the right
18:26that we might not be able to control
18:28on the count of three I'll disengage
18:31one
18:33two
18:34three
18:40one
18:41two
18:41three
18:43nothing happened
18:44and then there was
18:46we were relieved
18:48I can't turn using the controls
18:51looks like the explosion jammed the aileron
18:53next
18:54what does the QRH say about jammed ailerons?
18:59the QRH or quick reference handbook is the pilot's bible that lists procedures that must be followed in emergency situations
19:07jammed flight controls
19:08use maximum force possible including both pilots if required
19:12ok
19:14let's force it
19:18ok
19:19Reyes tries brute force to activate the ailerons
19:21the panels on each wing which turned the aircraft
19:24since the explosion he can only fly straight
19:27I'm not getting anything from the ailerons
19:29I can't get off this heading
19:33ok
19:34re-engage the autopilot
19:35while I work out our options
19:39it's taking much longer to land than was announced
19:45we were told it would only be 20 minutes
19:48but it was really one hour before we landed
19:52it was very frightening
19:55although they survived the bombing
19:57passengers are now getting anxious about landing safely at Naha airport
20:05since there was so much time before landing
20:07I started writing a will
20:10I wrote the will to my son telling him to be strong
20:14as PAL 434 looks like missing Naha airport
20:18Reyes comes up with another plan
20:21we got a turn
20:22we'll have to use differential power
20:24disengage autothrottle
20:26pullback three and four
20:29captain Reyes increases thrust to the engines on the left-hand side of the plane
20:34and reduces power to the engines on the right
20:37very slowly the aircraft starts to circle right
20:40he then lowers his speed to make a smaller radius turn
20:44with guidance from air traffic control
20:46Reyes hopes that the maneuver will eventually line up with the runway at Naha
20:50so while we were descending on low speed
20:53I tried to test the flight controls
20:56and there are some lethal reactions
20:58the elevator is beginning to respond
21:00next
21:02the elevator is a control that makes the plane ascend and descend
21:05two five zero knots
21:06flaps one on speed
21:09in order to land safely
21:10Reyes will need at least minimal control over the elevator and rudder
21:13as PAL 434 nears Naha
21:16he continues to reduce his air speed
21:18flaps ten
21:21flaps ten set
21:23speed two to five
21:25okay she's turning
21:26sir if we reduce our weight
21:27we will be able to reduce our approach in landing speeds
21:29suggest we dump fuel
21:32okay
21:33Reyes orders the systems engineer to dump 36 tons of fuel
21:37five minutes twenty thousand pounds
21:38less fuel means less strain on landing gear and brakes and touchdown
21:41check
21:44as the time to touchdown gets closer
21:46Reyes worries that the bomb may have done more as yet unknown damage to the aircraft
21:51I'm not certain our landing gear will hold up
21:54strap yourself in
21:58so he talked to the head of the cabin crew and he said
22:02we're not sure if the gears will go down
22:04and in case the gears collapse while landing
22:06be ready to evacuate
22:08it's either you make it or you die
22:11but you cannot do anything anymore
22:13runway in sight
22:16with only minimal control over the aircraft
22:18Reyes faces the most challenging landing of his career
22:3010,000 meters above the Pacific Ocean
22:32on a flight from the Philippines to Tokyo
22:35a terrorist bomb cripples the flight controls of a jumbo jet
22:40as PAL 434 starts its final approach
22:43the 292 people on board are pinning their hopes of survival
22:47on the skill of Captain Ed Reyes
22:50I know everybody was scared
22:52we are all scared
22:54I know that
22:56Gear down
22:58The gears were supposed to come down a few seconds
23:01but that was the longest seconds
23:04because we were waiting for the greens to come on
23:08Take a long time
23:09It took a long time
23:10It was a long few seconds
23:12until when it lucked
23:14Three greens sir
23:17I'm disconnecting the autopilot
23:19and landing manually
23:20okay Dex
23:21monitor my descent rate
23:22altitude and speed
23:24flaps 30
23:25Okay, 500 feet on course
23:27Flaps 30 set
23:29Help me with the elevator
23:29when I say push
23:30I want you to push
23:31Okay, 200 slightly left
23:33Correcting
23:33Push
23:38100
23:4050
23:4230
23:4330
23:45Power off
23:46Pull
23:51Your last command was pull
23:54Yeah
23:55My last command was pull
23:56Pull
24:04Come on
24:05I made sure
24:05that the
24:06throttles were closed
24:08because he might give a go around
24:09and I would make sure
24:10that we would stay on the ground
24:12Wow
24:16That was gross
24:34Yes
24:34Ladies and gentlemen
24:35this is the captain speaking
24:37We'd like to thank you for your cooperation
24:38and your patience
24:40Emergency crews are on their way
24:41We'll try and get you out of here
24:42as soon as possible
24:43Thank you
24:53The Philippine airline 747 is now a crime scene under Japanese jurisdiction
25:00As investigators from the Okinawa Police Department set out to solve the mystery of what happened
25:05They turn their attention first to the dead man in seat 26K
25:11The forensic pathologist recovered 94 fragments embedded in Ikigami's buttocks
25:16by the explosion
25:18He suffered severe internal injuries and massive loss of blood
25:23But tragic as it was
25:24the effects of the explosion could have been much worse
25:33If the explosion had been sideways
25:36it would have blown a hole in the plane
25:39and caused an air pressure problem
25:44In a sense it was good that the blast was vertical
25:48But we have to remember the victim
25:52He died to save the rest of us
25:57Ikegami's body bore the brunt of the upward blast
26:00but the explosion severed the steel cables in the ceiling
26:03that control the rudder and elevator
26:06The charge also severed the co-pilot's control cable to the right aileron
26:10One of the control surfaces on the wing
26:12which make an aircraft bank and turn
26:18The downward force blew a hole in the floor
26:21and could have ignited the vapours in the centre fuel tank
26:23creating a catastrophic explosion
26:28But by chance, on December 11th, seat 26K was not located above the tank
26:36Fortunately for us, we took a different version
26:40the SAS version of the 747 that day
26:44and that specific seat for that version was two seats forward of the centre tank
26:52The Okinawa forensic investigators immediately start work collecting evidence from the bomb site
27:00They begin with the largest fragments of debris
27:02and then systematically work down until the smallest particles are retrieved by vacuum cleaner
27:12Japanese investigators cannot identify the bomb's detonator
27:18But by separating out bits of metal, plastic and electrical wire that do not belong to the plane
27:25components of the bomb are pieced together
27:32One forensic investigator is able to identify the bomb's timer
27:37By reconstituting dozens of burnt fragments, he discovers it's a modified digital wristwatch
27:47Investigators also discover that one of the bomb's 9-volt batteries is only sold in the Philippines
27:53It's another clue that suggests that the bomber could be based there
27:58Philippine National Police Deputy Chief Sonny Raisin is on the case
28:02In the later part of 1994, we already started to receive information, intelligence reports
28:09that there were Middle Eastern personalities that were here already in the Philippines
28:16On the night of January the 6th 1995, almost four weeks after the bombing of PAL 434
28:23the Philippine police get a lucky break
28:28In his Manila apartment, the PAL 434 bomber has enlisted the help of an accomplice
28:33to mass-produce his new undetectable bomb
28:52An attempt to burn off chemicals gets out of hand
28:56Acrid smelling smoke spills out of the apartment
29:03It attracts the attention of the doorman, who comes to investigate
29:07What's going on?
29:08We're playing with some fireworks, but it's okay
29:10We put them out and we have all the windows open inside
29:12and we keep the door closed, it'll be fine, okay?
29:14Ah, you all open the door
29:15If we open the door, the smoke comes in the hallway
29:17Close the door out the window, okay?
29:19It's okay
29:23Until the smoke dissipates, the bombers decide to wait outside the apartment
29:28The doorman isn't convinced by their playing with fireworks story
29:32and he calls the fire department and the police
29:41By the time the firemen come, the smoke is gone
29:43and they leave after a quick check
29:47The bomber now realises he's left a very sensitive item in the apartment
29:51and he persuades his friend to retrieve his laptop
29:57He was too clever a guy to come back and expose himself
30:03Because all along he knew that that would be too risky for him to go back and be caught
30:11The bomber's fear of getting caught is justified
30:14Once police inspector Ada Farescal learns that they're from Pakistan
30:18She insists on seeing their room for herself
30:24The police in Manila are on high alert due to a planned visit by the Pope in a few days
30:35The police in Manila are on high alert due to a planned visit by the Pope in a few days
30:36What inspector Farescal finds confirms her worst fears about the intentions of the tenants
30:45The police in Manila are on high alert due to a
31:11The shot distracts the apprentice and he trips over a fallen palm tree, but the cop discovers
31:17he has no handcuffs. The doorman improvises with the drawstrings of his windbreaker.
31:24In the meantime, the bomber vanishes. One of the first senior officers to arrive at his
31:31apartment is Sonny Raisin.
31:33The incident at the Doña Josepa apartment was the breakthrough in opening our eyes that
31:41the Al-Qaeda terrorist cell was already operating here in the Philippines.
31:48The Philippine National Police know they've stumbled onto something big, and they inform
31:52Interpol, Scotland Yard and the FBI. When news of the raid reaches the Joint Terrorism Task
31:58Force in New York, it immediately grabs the attention of FBI Special Agent Frank Pellegrino.
32:04For two years he has been hunting a terrorist called Ramzi Youssef, and it looks as if this
32:09might be his man.
32:11Well, he was always our focus since 1993. I mean, at the time, that was the, you know,
32:16he was the biggest fugitive around.
32:19As Philippine police comb through the apartment, they begin to find more evidence tying Youssef
32:24to the bombing of PAL 434.
32:33There was a similarity between the watches that were found in the apartment and the type of watch
32:41that was used in Okinawa. Putting together that watch that was the watch that was on the bomb
32:47on that flight 434 and identifying those pieces eventually as a Casio watch, you know, it was amazing.
32:57Youssef is a skilled forger. Investigators find several identification cards bearing various names
33:04and photos in each of which he looks quite different. One ID card is of particular interest.
33:15So, almost as a dig to us, you know, the ID card used the First World Trade Center bombing date
33:20as the date that the card was issued.
33:23So, we knew right away it was Yosef that had been in the apartment.
33:30They knew chemicals. The Chemical Dictionary was a very well-used item, underlined, highlighted, well-read,
33:43notations throughout the book, something that he used quite often. And, you know, I don't remember the exact number.
33:50I think there might have been a hundred latent prints found on that that belonged to him. They knew electronics.
33:55The way that the timing device was hidden inside the Casio watch just made the whole thing very concealable and
34:04very worrisome.
34:07The identification of the bomber of PAL 434 and the discovery of his bomb factory is very disturbing news
34:14for those responsible for airline passenger safety. Ramzi Youssef is an international terrorist
34:20who knows how to get his bombs past airport security. Bombs that are small, but if strategically located,
34:28can blow up a jumbo jet and kill not just one, but hundreds of people. And the bomber of PAL
34:34434 is still on the loose.
34:45The Philippine National Police have stumbled on the hideout of an international terrorist.
34:51The FBI identify him as Ramzi Youssef. Evidence that Amaldo Forlani, the man who planted the bomb on PAL 434,
35:00is the same person as Ramzi Youssef, comes from the travel agent who sold him the Philippine Airlines ticket.
35:09Ramzi Youssef is just one of several aliases of a man who tops the FBI's most wanted list.
35:16An international terrorist with a $2 million bounty on his head.
35:22In September 1992, Youssef flies from Pakistan to New York to prepare for a major terrorist attack.
35:29On arrival at JFK, he presents a fake Iraqi passport and asks for political asylum from Saddam Hussein.
35:37The ploy works and he's allowed to enter the country.
35:41Six months later, on February the 26th, 1993, one of the largest homemade bombs in American history explodes in the
35:49garage below the World Trade Center,
35:52killing six people, injuring hundreds and causing $500 million worth of damage.
35:59That night, Youssef is on a plane back to his home in Pakistan.
36:04He was an action figure. He wanted to keep doing things. He wasn't happy with the one success he had.
36:11Eighteen months after the World Trade Center attack, Youssef flies to Manila to fine-tune the bomb that he plants
36:17on PAL 434.
36:20According to Sonny Rezin, the Philippine capital suits him.
36:24Ramzi Youssef loved to enjoy life. He is a ladies' man.
36:32He associated himself with a lot of girlfriends, and he liked to party.
36:40He also drank a lot. See? And he enjoyed the life. Terrorists.
36:46They are your normal day-to-day people. The guy next door.
36:52After the bombing of PAL 434, Youssef arranges for his childhood friend Abdul Hakim Murad to assist him in Manila.
37:01But on January the 6th, 1995, two weeks after his arrival,
37:06Murad is arrested and sent to the Philippine police headquarters for interrogation.
37:12Tiny chemical traces of the explosive were found on PAL 434,
37:16and Murad eventually admits that Youssef uses liquid nitroglycerin
37:20that he's stabilized and concealed in a bottle of contact lens solution.
37:34Murad also reveals that Youssef hid the bomb's potentially suspicious components in the heel of his shoes.
37:39Most airport security systems only detect metal above the ankles.
37:47I think he was cool as could be.
37:49He was somewhat cavalier in his attitude towards these explosives and chemicals.
37:54To carry a container of nitroglycerin on an airplane, you know,
38:01you can be a little nuts.
38:04Murad's confession provides details of Youssef's actions
38:07after he successfully got the bomb components past airport security.
38:11Can I get you some juice or coffee?
38:14Juice, please.
38:30Youssef designed the device so the innocent looking components
38:34can be quickly transformed into a lethal bomb.
38:39Youssef has modified a digital wristwatch as the bomb's timer.
38:43This is wired to a detonator inside the bottle of nitroglycerin.
38:51Two 9-volt batteries provide an additional electric charge
38:55to the exposed filament of a light bulb that will spark the explosion.
39:12Youssef sets the alarm for four hours later,
39:15when he anticipates the plane will be flying high over the Pacific Ocean.
39:32Youssef plants the bomb in a life vest pouch under his seat,
39:35a place ground crews are unlikely to inspect during the stopover in Cebu.
39:50Soon after, he gets off the plane and disappears.
40:00Four hours later, the time bomb under seat 26K
40:06awakes the airline industry to a new kind of terrorism.
40:19Murad's confession confirms Pellegrino's suspicions.
40:22This is just the kind of sophisticated plot he has come to expect from Ramsay Youssef.
40:28But Pellegrino is still shocked by what Murad says next.
40:32PAL 434 was only a test, a dry run for a much larger terrorist plot
40:38that will kill thousands of airline passengers.
40:45A highly skilled terrorist, Ramsay Youssef,
40:48has already set off a new type of bomb on an aircraft.
40:51Now the FBI discovers Youssef wants to blow up more planes.
40:58And he continues to evade capture.
41:03FBI investigators find evidence of Youssef's meticulous planning
41:06on secret files on the laptop
41:08that he so desperately wanted his accomplice to retrieve.
41:14On the laptop computer found in the Youssef apartment building
41:17was a file which laid out a plan for five individuals,
41:23using code names, individuals not mentioned on the plan,
41:26to board about three planes each,
41:31two planes, a couple of people had three planes,
41:34planting bombs on the planes,
41:36and then returning back to their home.
41:39Hoping when they planted the bombs and with the timing devices
41:42if everything went well, all bombs would go off
41:45within about a six-hour time period.
41:48Any more than one would have been an airline disaster.
41:53So, you know, if they were 50% successful in their plan,
41:57I think it would have scared a lot of people for a long time.
42:01The file on Youssef's laptop reveals that the plan,
42:04codenamed Bojinka, is foiled with no time to spare.
42:10The bombing of 12 American planes is meant to kill 4,000 passengers.
42:16Youssef's campaign of terror against the airlines
42:18is scheduled to start less than two weeks after the bust of his bomb factory in Manila.
42:23By the time Pellegrino and the FBI team arrive in the Philippines,
42:27Youssef is long gone.
42:29So it was a worry and it was a missed opportunity.
42:34But we also, on a lot of these fugitive type cases,
42:39you know, we're all not that different and everybody goes home.
42:43Everybody needs to go home.
42:44And so the investigation again would focus back to Pakistan.
42:49The FBI immediately begin a publicity campaign in Pakistan,
42:53promoting their $2 million reward for assistance in arresting Youssef.
43:00The strategy works.
43:02Youssef's latest recruit for yet another airline bombing blows the whistle.
43:08On the day Youssef is due to leave his hotel in Islamabad,
43:11a Pakistani SWAT team moves in.
43:19...
43:36In Yusuf's room are Delta and United Airlines flight schedules, as well as bomb components
43:42hidden in children's toys.
43:44In a convoy of federal and local patrol cars, Ramzi Ahmed Yousaf was brought into New York
43:50City late Wednesday night, ending a worldwide manhunt.
43:53He was arrested Tuesday in Pakistan by Pakistani authorities and brought back by the FBI on
43:59a US plane, then into custody with heavy security on the street in case of any terrorist attacks
44:04prompted by his arrest.
44:15At his trial a year later in New York's Southern District Court, Yousaf decides to handle his
44:20own defense against the advice of the judge.
44:24He performs better than expected, but he is found guilty on all charges related to the
44:29bombing of PAL 434 and conspiring to bomb 12 American passenger planes.
44:37Yousaf is also found guilty in a second trial for the World Trade Center bombing.
44:41In his final summing up, Yousaf justifies his actions.
44:46Yes, I am a terrorist and proud of it.
44:49And I only support terrorism so long as it's against the United States government and against
44:54Israel, because you are more than terrorists.
44:58Although Pakistani, Yousaf describes himself as Palestinian by choice.
45:03And he justifies the PAL 434 and World Trade Center bombings as punishment for a US foreign
45:08policy that favors Israel over Palestine.
45:15For both crimes, he is sentenced to 240 years in prison.
45:20The judge recommends solitary confinement for life in the most secure prison in the United
45:24States located in Florence, Colorado.
45:29It houses the country's most violent and dangerous prisoners.
45:33And it's where Yousaf will spend the rest of his life confined in a cell for up to 23 out
45:38of every 24 hours.
45:43We cannot afford to just sit down and count our victories with the arrest of Ramsay Yousaf.
45:54Somebody else has already replaced him and somebody else is already thinking of how to circumvent
46:02these security measures that we put up.
46:07In the year following Yousaf's attack on PAL 434, the Federal Aviation Administration certified
46:13a machine to detect explosives.
46:16Not one American carrier bought it.
46:18Only after 9-11 was a law passed that required US airports to deploy explosive detection systems.
46:24But the most reliable models are expensive or too slow and still not widely employed.
46:32They were saying we have to be right 100% of the time terrorists only have to be right once.
46:39Although there hasn't been a successful airliner bombing since PAL 434, those who forget the past
46:45may be destined to revisit it.