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00:02The Swallows are back. The Ospreys have landed. It's a perfect time to step outdoors. Welcome to Lambert.
00:31Hello from the Cairngorms National Park. As the last of the hill snow melts, nature is bursting out all around.
00:40And with the increase in temperature, more of us are heading into the great outdoors.
00:45And with that brings an increased risk of wildfires.
00:49Later, I'll be finding out what's been done to protect these precious habitats.
00:54But first, here's what else is coming up.
00:58And in the Firth of Forth, first seabirding breeding season.
01:02There's lots of fights. They all want to nest at the best ledges.
01:08I meet the team protecting the Cairngorms from wildfire.
01:12Something as simple as a discarded cigarette butt or a small spark from a fire can have a catastrophic impact
01:19now.
01:19And high fashion in the Highlands. The legacy of the fabulous Francis Farquharson.
01:30First up, late nights and early mornings are something sheep farmers are well used to.
01:35And Cammy is no different.
01:40Let's join him now on his Ayrshire farm with some new arrivals.
01:48We are right in the midst of lambing here at the farm and it's an exciting time for us.
01:58So this little ewe lamb is just 38 minutes old. In fact, she's still a little bit damp.
02:03And her mother is one of just 1200 sheep for lambing this spring.
02:09And it's a marathon not a sprint. We're about halfway through just now.
02:12These girls are just kicking off. And if they produce lambs they'll look something like this.
02:17There's going to be a lot more of them next year.
02:19There you go. We'll put you back mum. Come on.
02:27This is my second year of lambing at my own farm.
02:30And I'm ringing the changes.
02:33While most of my 1200 ewes are crossbreeds, this year I've invested in 100 purebred cheviets.
02:40So why the cheviot? Well, why no? Look at them.
02:44They're a beautiful animal. Fantastic strong bodies. Heavy bone.
02:49Lovely cocky lugs. And they produce you some beautiful lambs.
02:52We're hoping to get a nice purebred ram that we can maybe take on to a sale later down the
02:56line.
02:57But the ones that don't make the grade are fantastic meat animals that can then go on into the food
03:01chain.
03:02What's not to love?
03:03Now the cheviot is actually a hard day hill breed.
03:06So you might be wondering, why are you lambing them inside?
03:09Well, we've only got 14 acres here.
03:11So although we do lamb a few sheep out the back door,
03:14most of them need to come into the shed to lamb.
03:17That way we can keep a close eye on them.
03:20Because sometimes they need a wee bit of extra help.
03:24It looks like she's pinched this lamb off one of the other girls in the pen that's lambing.
03:29So this girl hasn't actually lambed yet.
03:33Gentle pull.
03:34There you come.
03:35What were you waiting for?
03:35Here we come.
03:37A wee contraction or two.
03:39And out she comes.
03:41Nice big lamb there.
03:43Give a kick.
03:44Give him a wee slap just to get the heart started.
03:47A wee head shake.
03:48That's what I like to see.
03:52And lambing sheep isn't the only thing we've been busy with recently.
03:56We've also had this exciting new arrival.
04:00Come on Jules.
04:01Here you come.
04:02Come on.
04:03Here we go.
04:06So this is Jules.
04:08Or wee Jules as we've been calling her.
04:10And she's her very first pedigree Jersey heifer calf.
04:14She's a female.
04:15So we'll be keeping her.
04:16And we'll be milking her.
04:18She was born just five days ago.
04:22We've had her mother Connie since December.
04:25She's the family dairy cow.
04:27We keep her milk for ourselves.
04:32But she's a pedigree Jersey.
04:33She's actually a really good one.
04:35And she's going to be our show animal this summer.
04:37You're going to see her at the Royal Helen Show.
04:39So stay tuned and watch out for Connie later in the series.
04:44Look at all this.
04:46While Jules stretches her legs.
04:50There's time to visit one of my rented fields.
04:56I need to check on some of my sheep that have already lambed.
04:59We don't have that many acres at home.
05:03So lots of our ground.
05:04It involves a little bit of a drive.
05:06But I've got some cracking lambs born in March.
05:10That I'm going to show you.
05:15Here they are.
05:17What a turn in the weather as well.
05:19So let's get them fed.
05:20You can get a look at them.
05:24Once the weather warms up.
05:26And the grass gets growing.
05:27They'll be able to sort themselves out.
05:29But until then.
05:30They'll need a wee top up from me.
05:33As I've said many times before.
05:35This is my favourite job.
05:37Every other time of year.
05:38The sheep run away from you.
05:39When you're feeding them after lambing.
05:41You'll come for a closer look.
05:43And by the end of the month.
05:45I should have all my lambs outdoors.
05:47And on grass.
05:48But until then.
05:49There's a small matter of lambing to finish.
05:55While Cammy deals with the new arrivals on his farm.
05:58It's the height of the breeding season.
06:00For our seabird colonies.
06:02Anne's on her way to the Isle of May.
06:04To find out how extreme weather.
06:06Has impacted one particular species.
06:12Five miles off the coast of Fife.
06:14Where the river Forth meets the sea.
06:16Sits the Isle of May.
06:18National Nature Reserve.
06:22This island is absolutely buzzing just now.
06:26There are around 80,000 pairs of breeding seabirds.
06:29Here to raise their young.
06:31Making it one of the biggest bird colonies.
06:33In Scotland.
06:37It's not the easiest place to make home.
06:40Sitting at the mouth of the estuary.
06:41The island faces the full brunt.
06:44Of easterly storms.
06:45Whipping in off the North Sea.
06:48Quite calm today.
06:49But it's quite an exposed island.
06:52It is.
06:52That's one of the sort of downsides.
06:54In a sense of being a seabird.
06:56That you're facing a lot of quite tough conditions.
07:00Professor Francis Daunt.
07:02Is from the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology.
07:06He's collecting information on the seabirds.
07:08As part of a study that began in 1973.
07:12We've been studying the seabirds here for over 50 years.
07:16And the reason we're here.
07:17Is to understand how good their breeding seasons are.
07:20Puffin.
07:21We're actually expecting the first egg.
07:22In the next day or two.
07:23Other species like shags have already laid some eggs.
07:28And Francis is particularly interested in the shag colony.
07:32On the Isle of May.
07:33You can see that they can build quite big elaborate nests.
07:37And they're entirely marine.
07:38So they have to go out to sea to find fish.
07:42And then they'll spend time just drying off their wings.
07:45They have this unusual plumage.
07:47Which means they're not entirely waterproof.
07:50Francis' research has shown that the shag colony.
07:53Has undergone a massive decline over the last 30 years.
07:57From 2,000 pears down to 200.
08:01Rising sea temperatures have led to a crash in the main food source.
08:05Sand eels.
08:06But it's also due to the weather.
08:09How did the species fare after last winter?
08:12We had another tough winter for the shags.
08:15Because in January, February.
08:16There was about five weeks of really tough weather conditions.
08:20And a lot of birds died.
08:22And this was just two years after a really bad winter.
08:26So they've had two of the last three years have been really tough for them.
08:31But it's not just the effect of the weather on the birds themselves.
08:34It's the impact it has on their relationships.
08:38Divorce is a word we're all familiar of course.
08:41In seabirds what we mean is.
08:43If both individuals that bred together last year.
08:47Again here this year.
08:49But don't pair together.
08:50But pair with the other birds.
08:52We call that divorce.
08:53Whereas if they reunite and pair again together.
08:56We call that being faithful.
08:58And most seabirds have very high faithfulness.
09:01So the vast majority of pairs will breed together year after year after year.
09:05But shags unusually actually have quite a low faithfulness.
09:09It's only about 50% of pairs will reunite.
09:12And so for example these two nests in front of us.
09:15I know that last year the two of the birds were nesting together.
09:20They've now divorced.
09:21And are nesting with two different birds.
09:23It's like a soap opera.
09:25Yes it is.
09:26It's a very busy time.
09:28There's lots of fights.
09:29They all want to nest at the best ledges.
09:31Though we actually have more unfaithful or divorced pairs in this year.
09:35This year than faithful pairs.
09:37Looks to be quite high divorce rates.
09:40And Francis has found that surprisingly.
09:44The weather has a big impact on the number of divorces.
09:47And consequently the shag birth rate.
09:51That divorce rate is particularly high after they've had a difficult winter.
09:56And we're trying to understand why that is.
09:58And it seems to be related to the scheduling of return to the breeding colonies.
10:04And it may be that in bad conditions.
10:06They start returning at different times.
10:08And they don't find their normal mates.
10:10And then start new relationships with others.
10:14And that's not necessarily a positive result for them.
10:17Because we find that divorced pairs generally are less successful.
10:21And they don't rear as many chicks.
10:23And of course that's essential for the future wellbeing of the population.
10:28When the seabird study on the Isle of May started 50 years ago.
10:32Climate change wasn't a factor on the scientists' radar.
10:36But it's something Francis and his colleagues are taking account of now.
10:40And if there's more storms in the future that isn't going to be very good news for our shag populations.
10:47Because they are so vulnerable to that.
10:49And we need to keep studying them to understand what effect the future climate is going to have on them.
11:01Last year a vast area of the Cairngorms National Park and beyond was destroyed by wildfire.
11:08It was the biggest ever recorded in the UK.
11:11And prompted authorities to take action.
11:13And as visitors arrive here to take in the beautiful surroundings.
11:17I'm off to find out what's changed.
11:25In its wake the landscape was transformed.
11:29Habitats were lost.
11:30The air thick with smoke.
11:32And life, both visible and hidden, was caught in its path.
11:38It consumed 10,000 hectares of land.
11:42Leaving behind a scar that will take decades to heal.
11:46In response to the incident, on the 1st of April this year, a new bylaw came into force.
11:53Banning campfires or barbecues within the National Park until the end of September.
12:01Charlotte Robertson and Georgia Soane are two of the 20 park rangers who are getting the message out.
12:08We're interested to know if you've heard about the new fire bylaw that's come in this year.
12:12Yes we have, yes.
12:14What do you think about it?
12:15Definitely.
12:16I'm not getting you my phone call.
12:17Definitely.
12:18Especially after the fire at the Dava last year.
12:21Here's a little leaflet and it just describes about the new fire bylaw.
12:24So you can find all the information you need in there.
12:27And it's got a few pictures in as well.
12:29There you go.
12:30What do you see?
12:32So far, Charlotte has found most visitors just as receptive.
12:37To be honest, we've actually had mostly positive views.
12:41A lot of the reasons the bylaw came in was from locals, communities saying that they wanted a change.
12:48So the start of it has been really positive.
12:51But, you know, we might get a bit of pushback potentially from some.
12:55But if they do, the rangers now have the power to enforce the rules with a £500 fine as a
13:03last resort.
13:04The enforcement is a great tool for us now.
13:06So if we did come across a situation, you know, we have that backup for ourselves and we can enforce
13:12it.
13:13But, you know, we don't want to have to use that.
13:15We want to get people to do the right thing themselves.
13:18The climate's changing.
13:19We're getting much drier springs and summers, a lot less rainfall.
13:22You know, we want to protect this area.
13:24And something as simple as a discarded cigarette butt or a small spark from a fire can have a catastrophic
13:30impact now.
13:31So we really just want to protect this place and let people enjoy it as much as they can.
13:40While Charlotte and Georgia are trying to stop the sparks that might ignite a blaze,
13:46elsewhere, farmers are trying to reduce the fuel load.
13:55Malcolm Smith is Agricultural Advisor for the Cairngorms National Park.
13:59He farms with his sons, Callum and Hamish, at Ochernack, near Granthons Bay.
14:09The family use these cattle to graze down the vegetation that could feed a wildfire.
14:16So this is the bit where the cattle are going to be going out on.
14:19Last year when we grazed it for the first time, possibly properly in about five years.
14:25So this area was really overgrown in rank vegetation.
14:29And when we got the cows out on the hill, it was amazing the transformation.
14:35All that brown grass there got grazed down, trampled down.
14:39But the cows trampling it down or grazing.
14:42The fresh green grass that came up has just stopped all that risk of fire spreading.
14:47With a much higher moisture content, Malcolm is selecting precise areas to encourage the new grass.
14:56To keep cows in the right place, they are fitted with special collars.
15:00Their movements are controlled by emitting warning sounds and mild electrical pulses, creating virtual fences.
15:08All of these white lines are boundary fences that the boys have drawn on.
15:13And then they are moving them around these boundaries.
15:16The virtual boundaries can concentrate the cattle in a smaller area and make it easy to preserve sensitive sites.
15:24We have like archaeological features on the hill.
15:27We can exclude them and protect them from any damage from the stock.
15:31And just how technically minded are you then?
15:33I can show you it.
15:35But your boys are involved.
15:37It's Hamish and Callum that have been working the app, yeah.
15:44It's a team effort then, and everyone will need to do their bit.
15:48With wildfire season well underway, extreme warnings have been issued and several blazes have already broken out across the country.
15:58The advice is to be cautious.
16:01And if you do spot a large outdoor fire, report it immediately.
16:07Just one small spark can do a huge amount of damage.
16:17Now, Anne's continuing her trip on the Isle of May.
16:21She's taking the opportunity to visit a building with a very special family connection.
16:28I've been to a few lighthouses during my time on Landward.
16:32Ardnamurchan, Islay and the Butt of Lewis.
16:36And it's always memorable.
16:37Just be careful on this ladder now.
16:40Oh wow, look at that view, my goodness.
16:44And when a trip to the Isle of May came up, I knew I had to be the one to
16:49do it.
16:51This particular lighthouse means a lot to me.
16:55My grandfather was a lighthouse keeper on the island, and my mother actually spent the first few years of her
17:01life here too.
17:02This is my first time visiting, so to say I'm excited is a bit of an understatement.
17:10Callum McLeod, my grandad, was from Lewis.
17:13He joined the Northern Lighthouse Board in 1953 when he was only 22.
17:19And this lighthouse was his very first posting.
17:25My grandad was an assistant lighthouse keeper working alongside the principal keeper.
17:32They were responsible for everything, the light, the fog horns, and they took it in turns to keep watch through
17:39the night in the lightroom.
17:45It's hard for me to believe that every day my grandad would have seen exactly the same view before making
17:52his way up to the top of these steps.
17:56The light that he shone from here would have offered safe passage for ships coming in and out of the
18:02further flow.
18:05Most people think lighthouse keeping was a lonely life, but not here.
18:10A handful of people lived alongside him on the island, including his wife, my gran, Seanack.
18:16She was just 20 years old.
18:19In 1953, the island's population was about to grow by one because my grandparents had a baby on the way.
18:28My mother, Joan, was born in October of that year on the mainland in Fife.
18:33When she was just a few weeks old, she made her very first journey across to the Isle of May.
18:39And it caused quite the sensation in the papers.
18:44My grandmother says here,
18:46It was a pretty terrifying trip.
18:48We wedged the baby's cot into the wheelhouse.
18:51I crouched on the open deck.
18:53As the waves crashed over, I got more and more frightened for the baby.
18:58No wonder, it's quite an exposed stretch of water there.
19:01Can you imagine something like this happening today?
19:04Gran then goes on to say,
19:06I needn't have worried.
19:07She slept placidly the whole time.
19:11My grandfather laughed as he told the reporter that the whole population, seven, turned out to welcome Joan.
19:20Over the coming months, district nurses, doctors and supplies were ferried across by local skippers like Willie Hughes.
19:28In this other newspaper article, I told you she was a sensation.
19:32It says,
19:33Nowadays, however, grizzle-haired Willie is earning for himself the titles of Nappy King and Milk Run Boy.
19:40But Willie doesn't mind.
19:43My mum clearly softening these hardened fishermen.
19:46It's pretty funny.
19:51I'm in awe at the bravery of my grandparents to bring up a child here.
19:56But as Islanders, my gran often spoke of having a baby here being the most natural thing in the world.
20:03Being here today has made me think too about how on earth my grandfather would have felt waiting for his
20:10young wife and brand new baby to come here for the first time when she was just weeks old.
20:15It must have been terrifying, but also very exciting.
20:22The family left the Isle of May and the lighthouse to return to Lewis when my mother was only three
20:28years old.
20:29But those first few years of her life must have been extraordinary.
20:34A world she would leave before she could ever remember it.
20:38I think one of the reporters in the articles summed it up perfectly when she spoke of Mam leaving the
20:44island.
20:45She said the lighthouse baby will have to learn that there are more than seven people in the world and
20:50other noises other than foghorns, the wind and the sea.
21:00When you think of fabulous high-end fashion, you don't often think of the Scottish countryside.
21:06But now guest presenter Rachel Bell is following in the footsteps of one stylish Highland lady who left her mark
21:13on the other side of the Cairngorms.
21:18The village of Bromar on Royal Deeside is probably best known for one thing.
21:24The annual Bromar gathering.
21:30For decades, the gathering has put this village on the map.
21:34As did one of its regular attendees.
21:37The wife of the Laird of Invercalls and a fashionista who brought flair and some very well-known faces to
21:44the village.
21:48I am a regular visitor to Bromar and the name Frances Fackerson has kept cropping up, leaving me intrigued.
21:57Like me, she was a journalist.
21:59Like me, she was very much in love with this corner of the Cairngorms.
22:03So who was she really?
22:05Let's go find out.
22:10One person who knows all there is to know about Frances is her biographer.
22:15A bit of a warm up, isn't it?
22:17It's so cold outside today.
22:18Caroline Young.
22:20I'm so excited to talk to you about Frances Fackerson.
22:23Who was she and how did she end up here in Bromar?
22:26She's from Seattle.
22:27She arrived in Europe in about 1925 and she visited Rome and London and Paris.
22:33And she worked as the editor of Harper's Bazaar, the British edition of the magazine.
22:39And in the 1940s, she met Captain Fackerson.
22:43So Alwyn had just inherited Invercald Estate and they met during the war.
22:48And they came up here in 1949 when they got married.
22:55Bromar was a far cry from the fashion houses of London and Europe.
23:00But Frances fully embraced life in her new Highland home.
23:04She was a larger than life character, very enthusiastic.
23:07She expressed herself through fashion and clothing.
23:10So she wore a lot of tartan, the Farkerson tartan, of course,
23:13and mohair bonnets and lots of tweed.
23:16So very much wearing the textiles of the region.
23:20But Frances's flamboyant nature raised a few eyebrows with locals.
23:25I don't think they'd ever met anyone quite like her before.
23:28She had very much a sort of can-do attitude.
23:30I think sometimes that could be quite sort of confronting.
23:34But, you know, she was very determined.
23:36And she got things done.
23:38She certainly did.
23:40Introducing bold ideas and a new look to this Victorian village.
23:47So what did Frances bring to Bromar?
23:50She really brought her American energy, her experience as a fashion editor,
23:55her passion for design and craft, and injected it into what was a very sleepy village in the Highlands.
24:01And she opened several businesses.
24:05What kind of businesses were they?
24:06So she firstly opened a gallery where she sold artisan products, textiles, wood carvings, silverware.
24:15She had her speciality shop, which was here as well.
24:18She also had a gents clothing store for kilts and sporens and all that kind of wear.
24:25So, yeah, she really brought life to the village.
24:29Frances didn't just bring retail business.
24:32She also set her sights on bringing culture to Bromar.
24:35She wanted to create something that rivaled the Edinburgh Festival, but for the Highlands.
24:41She founded a festival in 1952, which brought musicians and artists and writers and actors to the area.
24:49This was in the post-war years, wasn't it, where areas like this were really struggling?
24:54Absolutely, yeah.
24:55So after the war, the whole country was struggling.
24:57You know, irrationing was still in place.
24:59And the Highlands particularly, the land had not been looked after during the war.
25:02So there was a lot of work to do.
25:04And she just came in like a whirlwind and really injected that enthusiasm into the village.
25:15Frances revived the fortunes of Bromar, but her real passion was the landscape.
25:20It's easy to see why she loved this place, isn't it?
25:23Yeah, I mean, it's absolutely beautiful.
25:25Yeah.
25:30She fell in love with her husband and she fell in love with the land.
25:34So she really felt a strong connection to the beautiful scenery.
25:38I think it also shares a similarity to the Pacific Northwest where she grew up.
25:42So I think she really felt entwined with the landscape and wanted to look after it.
25:47And when you look at Bromar today and walk around the village,
25:50do you think that the impact she had can still be seen?
25:53Oh, definitely, yeah.
25:54I think, yeah, what she was doing was really quite groundbreaking.
25:56You see touches of her design and her taste at Raymar Castle.
26:02And, you know, you can still see the traces of her business in the village.
26:05So, yeah, I think her spirit is still there.
26:12Frances Fackerson travelled all over the world, but it was here she called home.
26:17She once said she never wanted to go anywhere else.
26:20For 42 years, swarthed in her beloved Fackerson tartan, she brought her own unique style and energy to this corner
26:30of the Cairngorms.
26:35And that brings us to the end of another sun-kissed episode of Landward.
26:40What's coming up next time? Let me tell you.
26:45We let the cows out for summer.
26:48Look at that!
26:49Like Scottish Grand National.
26:51Yes!
26:5540 years on, Cammy meets the inventive farmer who led the field.
27:01And every job you leave, finish.
27:03And if you do it right, you know, you'll be barsed back.
27:05And Liana's hot on the trail of a rare Arctic visitor.
27:11Hiya, is the forest anywhere about here?
27:18Please join us for that and much, much more if you can.
27:21In the meantime, from all the Landward teams around the country, and especially from me here at Loughgarten,
27:26thank you so much for your company.
27:28Bye for now.
27:59Bye.
27:59Bye.
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