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The Challenger Disaster (2013) (ENG) HD [Full Movie] [Watch Free Online]Full EP - Full
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00:00:13Tonight's Space Shuttle Challenger on launch pad 39B as the Mammoth Space Center in Florida.
00:00:19It accounted and continues for tomorrow's launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger with its crew of seven, including New Hampshire
00:00:25school teacher Kristen McAuliffe.
00:00:38The Challenger mission L-51 has been the 51-L mission ready to go.
00:00:44At seven o'clock, the Challenger crew met with their traditional pre-flight breakfast.
00:00:49Roger, thanks Randy.
00:00:51And this hitting O2-4.
00:00:52OK, everybody, cabs in.
00:00:54Copy PEOP.
00:00:55The Pfizer's down, O2-1.
00:00:58The L-51 is both equal.
00:01:03Ladies and gentlemen of the faculty, students, if I had please, please welcome our esteemed guest lecturer, winner of the
00:01:14Einstein Award, one of the ten most significant physicists of all the world.
00:01:19All time.
00:01:20Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, Dr. Richard Feynman.
00:01:41I bribed him to sell the nice stuff.
00:01:43Clearly, I just escaped from jail.
00:01:49Energy from potential to kinetic gives you...
00:01:54You see that?
00:01:56No.
00:01:58Don't write it down.
00:02:03Not until you know what it means.
00:02:15This will not hurt you.
00:02:17It might hurt me.
00:02:35Why didn't I have you write down the equation?
00:02:40You'd write it out.
00:02:41La-di-da-di-da.
00:02:42You feel pretty smart, right?
00:02:45But now you understand it.
00:02:47Mom, hurry up!
00:02:49Coming!
00:02:50Just getting down in about three minutes, and they think they can do it.
00:02:52They are counting.
00:02:53The ice is cleared away, and Challenger should be going away very soon.
00:02:57Let's go down to the Kennedy Space Center and take a look at Challenger sitting on the pad as they
00:03:02continue the countdown.
00:03:04Challenger's launch will be the 25th space shuttle mission.
00:03:07It's estimated over 30,000 people will be involved in it.
00:03:10Yeah, look at those ones who come out there.
00:03:12At a total cost of nearly 40 billion dollars.
00:03:15Yes.
00:03:15Okay, everybody.
00:03:16Captain.
00:03:18There goes Crystal McAuliffe, first teacher in space.
00:03:22During the mission, McAuliffe will be conducting scientific experiments, which will be beamed live to children in schoolrooms across America.
00:03:29The New Hampshire teachers describe Challenger as the ultimate field trip.
00:03:33What is science?
00:03:34Science is a way to teach how something gets to be known.
00:03:45Inasmuch as anything can be known, because nothing is known, absolutely.
00:03:52It's how to handle doubt and uncertainty.
00:04:03We have main engine start.
00:04:05Four, three, two, one.
00:04:10Liftoff of the 25th space shuttle mission, and it has cleared the tower.
00:04:15Yes!
00:04:20The engine's at 65%, three engines, uh, pretty normally three to fuel bill.
00:04:25Three to 80 years.
00:04:26Roger.
00:04:27Challenger.
00:04:29Challenger, go with throttle up.
00:04:31Science teaches us what the rules of evidence are.
00:04:37We mess with that at our peril.
00:04:52We will report, uh, more as we have information available.
00:04:59Checking with the recovery forces.
00:05:05Obviously a major malfunction.
00:05:09We have no downlink.
00:05:11...
00:05:28The space agency NASA has not yet confirmed the deaths of the school teacher
00:05:33and six other astronauts who were on board the Shuttle Challenger
00:05:36when it exploded on takeoff this morning in Florida.
00:05:39But there seems little doubt that there were any survivors.
00:05:42NASA is conducting a news conference at this moment.
00:05:46Challenger exploded into a fireball and pieces came down.
00:05:51Never in 25 launches of the space shuttle had a life been lost.
00:05:55Today, that record went down in flames.
00:05:58Tonight, the search for survivors turned up not.
00:06:01The search for answers is just starting.
00:06:03Bruce Hall begins our coverage of a spaceship
00:06:06that became a fireball and a national tragedy.
00:06:09Go on for launch.
00:06:11And liftoff.
00:06:12And lift to the cheers of the young students
00:06:14of the first ever U.S. teacher-astronaut.
00:06:17Moments later, a massive explosion.
00:06:20The cheering stops.
00:06:22I'm sorry, I can't watch this stuff.
00:06:29Seven Americans with the highest hopes.
00:06:32A million dollars worth of the highest technology.
00:06:35Gone in suckers.
00:06:37The worst disaster in the U.S. space program ever.
00:06:53Hello?
00:06:53Hold on, hold on.
00:06:55Wait.
00:07:02Fine, my menagerie.
00:07:05Sorry, how is it?
00:07:06Hold on, hold on.
00:07:11Who is this?
00:07:13Bill. Bill Ho.
00:07:15Bill Graham.
00:07:18I've got 15,000 former students.
00:07:21Listen, pal, how did you get a hold of my home number?
00:07:26You're ahead of what?
00:07:30NASA?
00:07:51You got your results back here?
00:07:53Nope.
00:07:59What's booking you?
00:08:00A phone call this morning.
00:08:05They want me to go to Washington and sit on a presidential inquiry thing.
00:08:11What?
00:08:13Find out why the shuttle exploded.
00:08:16Did you say yes?
00:08:17I'm not even that end of the space program.
00:08:20I know people died, and I'm very sorry about that.
00:08:24But, Gwen, I do my work, my teaching.
00:08:29You guys, they just want to say that they bag the famous physicist guy.
00:08:36They're a bunch of bureaucrats and generals with pokers up their asses.
00:08:44What?
00:08:46You just said it.
00:08:47They wouldn't know where to look.
00:08:49You would.
00:08:50You can't pass up a puzzle.
00:08:52You're not as important as this.
00:09:01I'm sorry, love.
00:09:02You're right.
00:09:03I wasn't thinking.
00:09:06Write and explain that you're not fitting.
00:09:08I'm fit.
00:09:09I'm fit.
00:09:10What are you kidding?
00:09:11I'm fit as a fiddle.
00:09:13What do you Yorkshire folks say?
00:09:15I'm fit as a flea.
00:09:17You want the proof?
00:09:18Not especially.
00:09:19You smell so good.
00:09:23Okay, but you'd have no excuse.
00:09:30Damn you, woman.
00:09:37I'll have to wear a tie.
00:09:52No.
00:09:53No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no.
00:09:59Tasty.
00:10:01Okay.
00:10:06Whoa.
00:10:08It's cold.
00:10:11NASA headquarters.
00:10:12NASA, you got it.
00:10:14Cold.
00:10:19with america still in shock after the world's worst space disaster the address given by president
00:10:24reagan in the hours following the accident now seems to have captured the mood of a nation
00:10:29we mourn seven heroes we mourn their loss as a nation together sir are you something to do
00:10:34the inquiry there yeah i'm on the presidential commission alongside some super important people
00:10:41and slipped surrey bonds of earth to touch the face of god focus now turns to the cause of the
00:10:49tragedy as the presidential commission we gotta get back up there something went really wrong
00:11:12keep that thank you sir could i trouble you for an autograph sure who do i make it out to
00:11:23oh not you sir i meant mr neil armstrong first man on the moon you could mail it that's my
00:11:30driver
00:11:30number at that address okay i promise thank you thank you
00:11:37sir what do you expect to find
00:11:47pardon me mr armstrong excuse me i think we met i'm bill rogers i'm chairman of the commission
00:11:54we're very fortunate to have you with us hey i got somebody who wants to meet you
00:12:00the first woman in space oh wow mr me i'll never do it dr alger laureate richard feyman your name
00:12:08i
00:12:08recognized too several years oh how is your integrity seriously
00:12:22commissioner i appreciate you all coming together at short notice we have a huge vital task ahead of
00:12:29us upon which might depend the future of man's spaceflight in this country now i intend for this
00:12:36investigation to follow an orderly and proper procedure we are not going to conduct it in a
00:12:43manner that is in any way unfairly critical of nasa because we believe and certainly i believe
00:12:49that nasa has done an excellent job and i believe that the american people think so too
00:12:58anyone we have to accept the fact that this shuttle is the most complex machine that's ever been built
00:13:04understand it has more than two and a half million parts it may be after due consideration it's just not
00:13:11possible to identify the cause now in terms of scheduling that's nothing
00:13:18i'm sorry dr feyman two and a half million small potatoes
00:13:23i mean really look i i i don't know much about space rockets but i know a little something about
00:13:29probability something i developed called um path integral formulation
00:13:37it's quantum mechanics but um basically what it means is that you can figure out the probability
00:13:45of something occurring not just when you've got two and a half million events but an infinity
00:13:54of possibilities you know over large the number of causal paths for whatever happened to challenger
00:14:03an explanation can be found
00:14:08what are we doing here if we don't think it's possible
00:14:12all right
00:14:16uh chairman rogers i i headed an investigation into the failure of a titan rocket and i i suggest i
00:14:22outline the procedure we use there i appreciate the offer general continue but i think in this case
00:14:27there's far less collectible evidence i don't like to contradict you sir but in the case of the
00:14:33shuttle as there were human beings aboard that generates far more database material mr rogers what
00:14:38the general said is the case there are external cameras there are black box recordings there are
00:14:42telemetry sensors there's a great deal of information thank you general katana and mr armstrong
00:14:47i'm certain we can get back to this please anyone chairman yes i don't know about anyone else but uh
00:14:55coming in i got some major press attention
00:14:59i'd like to know what we're to say
00:15:01for the sake of the astronaut families what are we saying at this point
00:15:06this is very important any and all inquiries from the press are to be directed to chairman rogers office
00:15:14so the plan is lady and gentlemen we will reconvene in five days time but for the president
00:15:22enjoy your stay in washington what we're not gonna press it keel we don't start right away
00:15:53dr feinman bill graham head of nasa thank you another guy that got me into this
00:15:59well i took your physics x lectures way back never forgotten i think you're gonna bring
00:16:04something unique to the commission i abandoned my teaching and a lot of important consulting to
00:16:10come here i didn't imagine i was gonna be told to sit on my tush for a week
00:16:17so here's what i'm gonna need i'm gonna need a crash course shuttle designer i need to know
00:16:22everything when how this thing was put together so you can start supplying me with technical manuals
00:16:26and so forth and most of all you got to get me straight on the factory floor pretty new to
00:16:31nasta myself we actually only took over two months ago that's bad timing we're based here in
00:16:36washington but the shuttle engines and systems are all out the marshall spaceflight center it pretty
00:16:41much takes care of itself you're the head of the whole schmear i mean you can get me in this
00:16:45marshall place otherwise i'm a busy fellow i'll do my best i'll get on it right away
00:16:50great thanks
00:16:55i like that you didn't live up there on the mighty chairman
00:17:01you take it i don't care for limousine well neither do i i'm just a two-star general don't get
00:17:06assigned
00:17:06limousine take the subway
00:17:11pleasure let me tell
00:17:16maxi
00:17:20oh and there was a phone call for you sir please call your doctor
00:17:28dr weiss
00:17:31the elevator is just to your right sir
00:18:00to begin what may be a lengthy process
00:18:02millions of americans who watched our heroes perish only 73 seconds after takeoff on that cold january
00:18:09morning are waiting for answers
00:18:11nancy and i are tamed to the core for the tragedy of the shuttle challenge
00:18:16hello
00:18:17all the people of our country
00:18:19graham
00:18:19future doesn't belong
00:18:21oh you got me in great
00:18:23don't take a plane down in the morning
00:18:26thanks
00:18:28alpha plus
00:18:31i've always had great faith in and respect for our space program
00:18:35we don't hide our space program
00:18:37we don't keep secrets and cover things up
00:18:40we do it all up front and in public
00:18:43that's the way freedom is and we wouldn't change it for a minute
00:18:58oh it's immense
00:19:00this is an identical craft
00:19:02no it's a training simulator
00:19:03for your purposes
00:19:05the flight deck systems
00:19:07the payload bay etc
00:19:08virtually identical
00:19:17yes
00:19:18want to see the flight deck
00:19:19yes
00:19:21yes
00:19:25yes
00:19:41you have four human beings jammed in this space can i sit here yeah
00:19:51wow okay they got s-band communication links environmental control systems
00:19:59cabin pressure gauges what is that emergency oxygen don't touch things
00:20:23dick fineman i'm on the commission i got nothing to hide
00:20:32i was to ask you engineers never mind what the managers say but you guys
00:20:36given all your experience what you thought the probability was
00:20:40of an accident on any single lodge what would you say
00:20:51if you don't want to say how loud perhaps you could write down on a piece of paper
00:21:09so you're looking at the solid rocket boosters okay so they're not made here
00:21:16no they're made by our contractors morton thiokol in utah railroaded into kennedy and in sections
00:21:22that's a pretty standard tang and clevis joint look there's no ways it was the solid rocket
00:21:27boosters oh so certain because they don't fly with holes in them
00:21:31yes if it was the srb it would have exploded on the launch pad
00:21:34these kept on flying you see it in the footage you watch the footage tell me what you saw
00:21:39what went through your mind what did you think it was
00:21:43i thought it was the main engines okay why why the main engines because of the complexity
00:21:48they're working at the outer edge of any experience base in the blade technology
00:21:54no no no it's more than the blades it's hey there is no ways that i'm ratting out my co
00:22:00-workers here
00:22:01look pal if we're not allowed to find out what went wrong
00:22:04there will be no more co-workers all these jobs will be gone
00:22:08kaput
00:22:11won't be another shuttle launch
00:22:16of the events on the morning of the 28th of january
00:22:19the presidential commission investigating the accident headed by former secretary of state
00:22:23william rogers has met mostly behind closed doors
00:22:29so far it's given no hints about what it believes may have been the cost
00:22:36meanwhile off the coast of florida the hunter challenger wreckage continues
00:22:40the combined nasa naval and coast guard operation involving 14 ships for submarines and 11 aircraft
00:22:45is combing hundreds of square miles of ocean
00:22:48although nasa today released pictures showing recovered debris
00:22:50they've been unable to confirm if they found the crew compartment
00:22:54in the absence of detailed information about what happened to challenger
00:22:57speculation about the cause of the accident continues to grow
00:23:00recent theories include everything from a computer programming error to unusually strong winds
00:23:13TRANSGIRELFISCO
00:23:34atençãoè¦å¯Ÿè¦å¯Ÿè¦å¯Ÿè¦å¯Ÿè¦å¯Ÿè¦å¯Ÿè¦å¯Ÿè¦å¯Ÿè¦å¯Ÿè¦å¯Ÿè¦å¯Ÿ
00:23:43Chairman Rogers, the boat's, uh, just pulled in the crew compartment.
00:23:52Can you tell me, was the oxygen activated?
00:23:57Yes, Dr. Ride. It was.
00:24:00Yes. We, uh, maybe won't make that public straight away. Excuse me.
00:24:24Dr. Feynman, it's very important that this team stays together all the time.
00:24:32Why?
00:24:35It's been reported to me that you spent some time at Marshall, alone. That's not very helpful.
00:24:41Oh, no, Mr. Rogers, I don't find it helpful to stand around.
00:24:46The other commissioners are just being respectful.
00:24:50And you're saying I'm not?
00:24:54You understand the implications of the oxygen being activated?
00:24:57I do. The astronauts had to do that themselves, which means that they were alive for at least some of
00:25:07those two minutes and 36 seconds before they slammed into the ocean.
00:25:11You know, Mr. Rogers, I'm an atheist and I personally doubt that they're touching the face of God, so I
00:25:15prefer to show my respect by finding the cause of their appalling deaths and not stand around looking sad.
00:25:23You know, I didn't even want to be on this commission, but now that I'm on it, I got every
00:25:27intention of finding out what went wrong.
00:25:29You know, I don't know that NASA did an excellent job.
00:25:44The group will be leaving in 30 minutes, except for General Kutina, who's made his own arrangements.
00:25:50I also may have my own arrangements.
00:25:55I can't force you to go.
00:25:57Nope.
00:26:17Are you going to work all night?
00:26:23Uh, if necessary. I don't know.
00:26:26How do you plan to get back to Washington?
00:26:28Uh, I got myself on kind of a pickle.
00:26:31I want to go back to Marshall.
00:26:34Guess I'll hire a car by hundreds of miles.
00:26:38Well, I can give you a lift. I'll drop you in Alabama.
00:26:40Oh.
00:26:43Here, post 600.
00:26:45Okay.
00:26:57Well, I may not get a limo, but occasionally I get the use of a government jet.
00:27:02No.
00:27:03You imagine I was going to drive you 400 miles?
00:27:05This is tremendous.
00:27:09New for you?
00:27:11You serious?
00:27:12No.
00:27:20It's okay.
00:27:21Number 105, tell me if you need more, though.
00:27:29You know, what you have to realize is that you are uniquely independent.
00:27:34Yeah, how's that?
00:27:35Well, everyone on the commission has strong associations.
00:27:41So how?
00:27:42Well, to NASA, Armstrong, Ride, the government, Keele, Rogers was Secretary of State, and Bill Graham's even a personal friend
00:27:50of President Reagan's.
00:27:52And you?
00:27:53Me, the Air Force.
00:27:56How does the Air Force...
00:27:57Air Force 390-265.
00:27:58We have a good friend here.
00:27:59Level 420.
00:28:01Heading 320.
00:28:02I heard nothing here.
00:28:04265.
00:28:04I heard nothing here.
00:28:06How does the Air Force...
00:28:08You're the only independent.
00:28:09I'm independent.
00:28:11I'm invincible.
00:28:13Yeah, but check six.
00:28:15What check six?
00:28:16That's a fighter pilot's expression.
00:28:19Six o'clock.
00:28:21The blind spot.
00:28:22Directly behind you.
00:28:23Uh-huh.
00:28:26Watch my ass.
00:28:28What?
00:28:28What?
00:28:31What?
00:28:32Watch your ass here.
00:28:33What?
00:28:34It's a little steep.
00:29:00That's what we call the diamond.
00:29:01Wow.
00:29:02Now that is very beautiful.
00:29:11What the hell?
00:29:13You happy with that?
00:29:14With that vibration?
00:29:15Don't worry.
00:29:16It steadies again after 65%.
00:29:21But to get to 65%, you gotta go through that?
00:29:25Sometimes, yeah.
00:29:31Can I see components?
00:29:33The blades?
00:29:43Oh, what is that?
00:29:46Oh, what is that?
00:29:46It's a crack in this blade.
00:29:49Yeah, it is an obvious crack.
00:30:02The blades often get those after a flight, but that's not a flight safety problem.
00:30:07Well, what is it?
00:30:08Well, what is it, then?
00:30:08We were told to log it as a maintenance problem.
00:30:10Only if it develops into a full fracture, that would be a failure.
00:30:14So a failure only happens if it actually shears off?
00:30:17Uh-huh.
00:30:21Well, failure is the crack.
00:30:23Well, you could argue that failure is the crack.
00:30:26I mean, because it's not in the design.
00:30:28You know what I know is not supposed to crack.
00:30:35Who has the rest of the test data?
00:30:41Is that it?
00:31:14No, no, no, no.
00:31:40I think we should start this discussion on the step-by-step process, so...
00:31:45Concentrate the investigation on the main engines.
00:31:49There are cracked turbine blades.
00:31:51As early as 1,375 seconds, equivalent to full power level.
00:31:56Also, at 4,000 hertz, there are some nasty vibrations.
00:31:59So you think the cause lies within the engines?
00:32:02I bet my last dime on it. I just got back from Marshall.
00:32:06I just heard an interesting new definition of the word failure.
00:32:09Well, it's interesting that you should say that, Doctor.
00:32:11We've just received the telemetry data from NASA.
00:32:16And the sensors on the engines show that they performed absolutely perfectly.
00:32:21Get out of here.
00:32:23The engines began to shut down as fuel pressure decreased.
00:32:29Exactly as designed.
00:32:31Well, that's extremely lucky, because I'm telling you, those engines have profound problems.
00:32:36Now, there is a step-by-step process for us all to follow.
00:32:41And I respectfully request that, from now on, you abide by it.
00:32:48We're all trying to find the answer.
00:32:53All right.
00:32:54Shall we begin?
00:32:58Step by step.
00:33:11Prof, don't let the chairman put you off.
00:33:16Look, you should come by the house at night for a bite if that appeals.
00:33:20Yeah?
00:33:22Okay, good.
00:33:23Excuse me for a second.
00:33:24Listen, I robbed that stuff.
00:33:25Graham, why didn't I know that we had the results from the sensors on the engines?
00:33:30NASA drip feeding us information to suit itself?
00:33:33I hear you.
00:33:34Doing this with one hand tied behind my back.
00:33:37I hear you, but...
00:33:40Richard?
00:33:46You okay?
00:33:54I'll see you tomorrow.
00:34:09I goofed.
00:34:12I thought I had the answer.
00:34:13It was way off.
00:34:15So what are you going to do?
00:34:16Are you going to stick with it?
00:34:18I don't know.
00:34:23Listen, there's a knock on the door.
00:34:25I'll call you later.
00:34:26All right, I'll call you.
00:34:48All right.
00:34:56I'm not sure why they chose to just lay them out in this order.
00:35:01It's good for you to tell them.
00:35:02But this is half that.
00:35:06Chairman Rogers?
00:35:07Those would be the same.
00:35:09This is half that.
00:35:09NASA's failure analysis team supplied still from camera E-207, trained on flight.
00:35:20Looks like it took a long time for this photograph to appear.
00:35:23Well, it's here now.
00:35:25What is that?
00:35:29A flame?
00:35:31Coming from a position on the side of the solid rocket booster.
00:35:35Did we know that?
00:35:35Did we know that already?
00:35:42We get stills from other angles, am I right?
00:35:47They had cameras all around.
00:35:48Yeah.
00:35:48Yes.
00:35:49Some of the cameras that were looking directly at the area were not working on the day, I'm told.
00:36:01Well, that's unfortunate.
00:36:04Hmm.
00:36:09Can I have that, please?
00:36:10Of course.
00:36:27Am I super late?
00:36:28I had to pick this up at the lab.
00:36:30No, no, it's not a problem.
00:36:31Nice car.
00:36:33You like it?
00:36:34I like it.
00:36:35I love it.
00:36:37I don't know if that enlargement's going to tell us anything.
00:36:40Let's see.
00:36:43Well, it's somewhat clear, no?
00:36:45No, that just makes the whole thing wider open.
00:36:46The flame is sharper.
00:36:47But that flame, where is it originating?
00:36:49And perhaps what we're seeing is the tip of a larger flame on the other side where there's
00:36:53no damn camera.
00:36:55A flame is not a cause.
00:36:57A flame is an effect.
00:36:59It's a symptom.
00:37:01It doesn't tell us which component split, sheared off, cracked.
00:37:05It shows us nothing.
00:37:08Takes us nowhere.
00:37:11I want to show you something.
00:37:13Multiple successful launches, identical components, and launch locations.
00:37:17So what made that day special?
00:37:19What were the variables?
00:37:21Take a break, Prof.
00:37:30Oh.
00:37:36You lucky fella.
00:37:38Yeah, I'd be lucky if I could get it running.
00:37:41It's out of commission.
00:37:42Yeah, the carburetor's seasoned this way.
00:37:45Oh.
00:37:49This must be how you stay calm.
00:37:52Roger the Dodger has got me going crazy with that process of his.
00:37:58He's a lawyer.
00:37:59He's working it through the way he knows.
00:38:01Yeah, well, maybe some others are kind of working it through the way they know.
00:38:05What, you think somebody's working it for themselves?
00:38:08Do you?
00:38:10It's Washington, after all.
00:38:12Yeah, well, I can't believe I got myself back in this world.
00:38:15You know, government, politics, and military guys like me.
00:38:20You're surprisingly okay.
00:38:24I guess you had your fill of military personnel through the 40s, so...
00:38:33What was your role back then?
00:38:37When?
00:38:39During the war, with the A-bomb.
00:38:45I did the theoretical figuring.
00:38:49It was the math.
00:38:51I calculated how much fissionable material would be necessary to make an effective weapon.
00:39:00It's not a good use of science.
00:39:10You helped end the war.
00:39:11Yeah.
00:39:15Wow.
00:39:16This is beautiful.
00:39:19Should we try that, Bordeaux?
00:39:21You go ahead.
00:39:22I no longer drink.
00:39:23I drink.
00:39:23I can't think.
00:39:35Oh, sir.
00:39:36We had maintenance.
00:39:37Look at your heating.
00:39:38Oh, thank you.
00:39:39Let me know if you still feel chilly.
00:39:41Yeah.
00:39:51Could you help me find the number of the National Weather Service?
00:40:00Can I borrow this?
00:40:02Sure.
00:40:03Yeah, please.
00:40:05Um, not a forecast.
00:40:07Uh, temperature at Cape Canaveral, nearby.
00:40:11Yeah, Jacksonville, Florida, on the morning of the 28th of January.
00:40:35That's the variable.
00:40:39I got the variable.
00:40:42It was freezing cold in the morning of the launch.
00:40:44We need to focus our questioning of the NASA managers on stuff to do with temperature.
00:40:49Temperature?
00:40:50You talking about ice?
00:40:51I don't know.
00:40:51Perhaps out of weight of ice.
00:40:52Perhaps some metal component becoming brittle.
00:40:55I don't know which component.
00:40:56There are only two and a half million possibilities.
00:40:58I'm pretty certain.
00:41:00Certain as you were about the engines?
00:41:02I don't know.
00:41:10You think from NASA failure analysis, I'll do this afternoon.
00:41:16Dr. Feynman's becoming a real pain in the ass.
00:41:21Well, yeah.
00:41:26You betcha.
00:41:28Yeah.
00:41:35Firefly.
00:42:14Dr. Weiss?
00:42:15There.
00:42:19What are you doing here?
00:42:21Well, if the mountain won't go to Muhammad, you didn't answer my calls.
00:42:26So you tracked me down all the way across the country?
00:42:29No, no, no. I'm at Washington Hospital Center for a conference.
00:42:32You got an hour to come over there?
00:42:34Now?
00:42:35Yeah.
00:42:38Sure. Hold on.
00:42:42Um, I need to get this delivered to Dr. Keel, Presidential Commission, this address.
00:42:49It's extremely important that I get there.
00:42:51Yes, sir.
00:42:56Good to see you.
00:42:57Hi.
00:43:11Are the vengeance?
00:43:13Mm-hmm.
00:43:15It's compromising your remaining kidney.
00:43:19Show me the cells.
00:43:21Sure.
00:43:33Okay.
00:43:35That is not so pretty.
00:43:38I read up my chances if my sarcoma recurred.
00:43:42What's the deal if we add in this lymphoma?
00:43:45It's pretty difficult to calculate the decline.
00:43:47Don't.
00:43:48Weasel it, Doc.
00:43:49It's math.
00:43:50Look, Dick.
00:43:51It's not something we see.
00:43:53The particular cancers you have that are extremely rare.
00:43:57Chance of having them in conjunction.
00:44:00Yeah.
00:44:00But given what you were doing during the war...
00:44:02Mm.
00:44:03It could even matters.
00:44:07What do you think?
00:44:08Well, the radiation.
00:44:09Lots of safety precautions with her.
00:44:11For the test, I...
00:44:14For the test, I had a pair of dark glasses, which I never put on.
00:44:18Jeez, they were...
00:44:20They were crazy days.
00:44:23We never slept.
00:44:25And we were on fire, you know, getting the theory and the math and the physics.
00:44:31It was a race.
00:44:32We thought we were saving civilization, but then we found out the determinants didn't have nuclear capability.
00:44:37And we kept on.
00:44:38Science was...
00:44:39So exciting.
00:44:49Should have stopped.
00:44:52We threw a party.
00:44:54Most people struggled and died.
00:44:56We threw a party.
00:44:57Hey, you were young.
00:45:00I wasn't a child.
00:45:02Yeah.
00:45:08Okay.
00:45:15I guess we'll talk on the phone.
00:45:17Sure.
00:45:20I think there are probably worse ways to go.
00:45:24Hey.
00:45:26Hey.
00:45:27It's possibly lymphoma.
00:45:30The blood gets gummy.
00:45:32Capillaries lose them.
00:45:33Thanks.
00:45:35Yeah, I just taught me components that are flexible.
00:45:39Like, what about a solid rocket booster?
00:45:42Go ahead.
00:45:48Thank you, Louis.
00:45:50Hey.
00:45:51I thought this might be helpful.
00:45:53It's a section model of the SRB joint.
00:45:57I don't want to see a model.
00:45:58I don't want to see a model.
00:45:58I want to see the real thing.
00:46:09So there are two O-rings, and they squidge in here.
00:46:14Correct.
00:46:16Has there ever been a history of problems with them?
00:46:19Well, there has been some erosion.
00:46:21Even some blow-by.
00:46:23Blow-by is what?
00:46:24So, getting past the first O-ring.
00:46:27No, I mean that the seal is incomplete.
00:46:29Right.
00:46:30But the manufacturer said that...
00:46:31Morton Thiokol.
00:46:32Right.
00:46:32Thiokol said that the blow-by never got past the second O-ring.
00:46:36Never.
00:46:36But if something prevented the O-ring from doing its job, if it became rigid, because,
00:46:45for example, it was cold.
00:46:57I think what we're looking at is the O-rings within the seal of the SRB.
00:47:04Lower temperatures would diminish the flexibility.
00:47:06Rubber would get harder, less malleable.
00:47:08At a certain point, it would be too rigid to move into the gap.
00:47:14Bill, I need any data NASA have on the timings of Springback.
00:47:21Resilience of the SRB O-rings in response to temperature.
00:47:26Ladies and gentlemen, good morning.
00:47:27Just a reminder that we have many witnesses today, and the press will be in the room.
00:47:33Yeah.
00:47:35Ladies and gentlemen, I would like to call the commission to order, so please take your seats.
00:47:42Make yourselves comfortable.
00:47:45Pilot to co-pilot.
00:47:46Fix your hair.
00:47:48Our first witness is Mr. Molloy.
00:47:51Mr. Molloy, would you come forward and identify yourself, please?
00:47:55I am Lawrence Molloy, Solid Rocket Booster Project Manager for NASA at the Marshall Space Flight Center.
00:48:02All right, commissioners, anyone?
00:48:08Dr. Rye.
00:48:11Mr. Molloy, in your position at the Marshall Space Flight Center, you'd be aware of correspondence, memos, etc.
00:48:22I guess I'm wondering whether memos exist relating to problems of launching with the O-rings at low temperatures.
00:48:30I understand the morning of the launch was exceptionally cold.
00:48:34I'm not aware of such documents at Marshall.
00:48:39It's not correspondence, but on the evening before the launch, as a matter of routine, those of us from NASA
00:48:47asked our technical people and our contractors if there were any concerns about low temperature.
00:48:55Morton Thiokol, who make the Solid Rocket Boosters, presented us with the fact that the lowest temperature we had ever
00:49:01flown in O-ring was 53 degrees, and they wanted to point out that we would be outside of that
00:49:08experience base.
00:49:10But having heard the discussion, we all concluded that there was no problem with the predicted temperatures.
00:49:17And I have a document from the management of Morton Thiokol to that effect.
00:49:22Well, thank you. Thank you, Mr. Molloy. You may stand down for the time being.
00:49:27Some guy in the back who wants to say something.
00:49:30I have something to add.
00:49:32I beg your pardon, I hear you.
00:49:33I need to add to what he said, please.
00:49:35All right, sir. Please, step forward. Step forward. Identify yourself.
00:49:46My name is Alan McDonald. I work for Morton Thiokol.
00:49:51I'm the director of the Solid Rocket Motors project.
00:49:54So I was at the launch at Kennedy.
00:49:57I'd like to say something about the meeting the night before the launch that Mr. Molloy talked about.
00:50:05Our fire call engineers warned NASA.
00:50:12They recommended NASA not to launch below 53 degrees.
00:50:16And I agreed with him.
00:50:17That was the coldest that we knew was safe.
00:50:19So you said not to launch below 53 degrees.
00:50:25And what was the actual temperature that morning?
00:50:28We believed that at launch, it was going to be much colder.
00:50:33Below 32 degrees.
00:50:35Below freezing.
00:50:38NASA wasn't happy with that.
00:50:40Larry Molloy said, my God, fire call.
00:50:44When do we launch?
00:50:46April?
00:50:47April?
00:50:49Let me understand this.
00:50:51Now.
00:50:54Are you saying that NASA applied pressure to change the launch recommendation?
00:51:00Yes, sir.
00:51:01There was pressure.
00:51:03They said, go review the data.
00:51:05Our people in Utah came back, recommended to NASA to launch.
00:51:10I refuse to sign.
00:51:16It is important that NASA be given the opportunity to respond.
00:51:21What's just been alleged?
00:51:23We must allow...
00:51:24What the hell is going on here?
00:51:26We...
00:51:33Some people say McDonald's not going to CYA.
00:51:35CYA, what is that?
00:51:37That stands for cover your ass.
00:51:38But if they were warned...
00:51:40The astronauts, you weren't.
00:51:41I want to know what's happening right here between NASA and the contractors.
00:51:44We need to talk more to him.
00:51:47Richard.
00:51:48Richard.
00:51:49The data you wanted, or was this the time of the organization?
00:51:51We need to hear more from him.
00:51:53Can you stop, Mr. McDonald, from...
00:51:55We need to hear more from him?
00:51:56We need to watch the movie.
00:51:56Nah.
00:51:57We need to hear more from him.
00:52:16We need to hear more from everybody.
00:52:17We need to hear more from everybody.
00:52:32Hi, I need to contact Alan McDonald with NASA's Challenger Failure Analysis Team.
00:52:38I phoned, but I was told he's no longer in Washington.
00:52:42That information is restricted.
00:52:46He was on the team, but he's been removed?
00:52:49I can't answer that, sir.
00:52:57Look, all I want to do is speak to Alan McDonald.
00:53:01What?
00:53:01So there's no one I can talk to in the whole entirety of Morton Fire Call.
00:53:06There's no one who can answer my question?
00:53:10Well, have a nice day.
00:53:45I tried to find McDonald.
00:53:48No luck, but it's clear why his boss has wanted to please NASA.
00:53:52Very big money at stake.
00:53:54I'll catch you later.
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