- 2 hours ago
The Challenger Disaster (2013) (ENG) HD [Full Movie] [Full Story]Full EP - Full
Category
🎥
Short filmTranscript
00:00:13Tonight's Space Shuttle Challenger on launch pad 39B as the Mammoth Space Center in Florida.
00:00:19It accounted and continues for tomorrow's launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger with its crew of seven, including New Hampshire
00:00:25school teacher Kristen McAuliffe.
00:00:38The Challenger mission L-51 has been the 51-L mission ready to go.
00:00:44At seven o'clock, the Challenger crew met with their traditional pre-flight breakfast.
00:00:49Roger, thanks Randy.
00:00:51And the mission L-2-4.
00:00:52Okay, everybody.
00:00:53Camps in.
00:00:54Copy P-O-P.
00:00:55Pfizer's down.
00:00:57L-2-1.
00:00:58L-1-2-1.
00:00:59L-1-2-1.
00:01:00L-1-2-1.
00:01:01L-1-2-1.
00:01:15L-1-2-1-2-1.
00:01:16One of the 10 most significant physicists of all time.
00:01:20Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, Dr. Richard Beinman.
00:01:41I bribed him to sell the nice stuff.
00:01:43Clearly, I just escaped from jail.
00:01:49Energy from potential to kinetic gives you...
00:01:55You see that?
00:01:57No, don't write it down.
00:02:03Until you know what it means.
00:02:15This will not hurt you.
00:02:17It might hurt me.
00:02:35Why didn't I have you write down the equation?
00:02:40You'd write it out.
00:02:41La-de-da-de-da. You feel pretty smart, right?
00:02:45But now you understand it.
00:02:47Mom, hurry up!
00:02:49Coming!
00:02:50Just getting down in about three minutes, and they think they can do it.
00:02:52They are counting, the ice is cleared away, and Challenger should be going away very soon.
00:02:58Let's get down to the Kennedy Space Center and take a look at Challenger sitting on the pad as they
00:03:02continue the countdown.
00:03:04Challenger's launch will be the 25th space shuttle mission.
00:03:06It's estimated over 30,000 people have been involved.
00:03:10Yeah, let's go.
00:03:11Let's go.
00:03:11I'm out there.
00:03:12At a total cost of nearly 40 billion dollars.
00:03:15Okay, everybody.
00:03:16Captain.
00:03:16There goes Crystal McAuliffe, first teacher in space.
00:03:22During the mission, McAuliffe will be conducting scientific experiments, which will be beamed live to children in schoolrooms across America.
00:03:29The New Hampshire teachers describe Challenger as the ultimate field trip.
00:03:33What is science?
00:03:35Science is a way to teach how.
00:03:39Something gets to be known.
00:03:45Inasmuch as anything can be known, because nothing is known, absolutely.
00:03:52It's how to handle doubt.
00:03:56And uncertainty.
00:03:58Five minutes, ten, nine, eight, seven, six.
00:04:03We have main engine start.
00:04:05Four, three, two, one.
00:04:10Liftoff of the 25th space shuttle mission, and it has cleared the tower.
00:04:15Yes!
00:04:15Two, three, two.
00:04:23Three, two.
00:04:24Three, two.
00:04:25Three, two.
00:04:26Three, two.
00:04:26Three, two.
00:04:26Roger.
00:04:27Challenger.
00:04:29Challenger, go with throttle up.
00:04:31Science teaches us what the rules of evidence are.
00:04:37We mess with that at our peril.
00:04:45One minute, fifteen seconds for us.
00:04:47One minute, fifteen seconds for us.
00:04:52We will report, uh, more as we have information available.
00:04:59Checking with the recovery forces.
00:05:05Obviously a major malfunction.
00:05:09We have no downlink.
00:05:11We have no downlink.
00:05:14We will have no downlink.
00:05:17Yeah, they're alright.
00:05:25We will have no downlink.
00:05:26We have no downlink.
00:05:29We will have no downlink.
00:05:30You are going to have the wärenlink.
00:05:36We will have no downlink.
00:05:36We will have no downlink.
00:05:38All the sun
00:05:41survivors. NASA is conducting a news conference at this moment. Challenger exploded into a fireball
00:05:48and pieces came down in the Atlantic. Never in 25 launches of the space shuttle had a life been
00:05:55lost. Today, that record went down in flames. Tonight, the search for survivors turned up not.
00:06:01The search for answers is just starting. Bruce Hall begins our coverage of a spaceship that
00:06:06became a fireball and a national tragedy. Go on for launch and liftoff to the cheers of the young
00:06:13students of the first ever U.S. teacher astronaut. Moments later, a massive explosion. The cheering
00:06:20stops. I'm sorry, I can't watch this stuff. Seven Americans with the highest hopes. A billion dollars
00:06:33worth of the highest technology. Gone in suckers. The worst disaster in the U.S. space program
00:06:39ever.
00:06:52Hello? Hold on, hold on. No. Wait.
00:07:02Fine, my menagerie. Sorry, who is it? Hold on, hold on.
00:07:11Yeah, who is this? Bill. Bill who? Bill Graham. I've got 15,000 former students. Listen, pal,
00:07:22how did you get a hold of my home number? You had a what? Yes, sir?
00:07:36No. You got your results back yet? Nope. Oh. What's booking you?
00:08:00I got a phone call this morning. They want me to go to Washington and sit on a presidential
00:08:10inquiry thing. What?
00:08:13Find out why the shuttle exploded. Did you say yes? I'm not even that end of the space program.
00:08:20I know people died and I'm very sorry about that, but when I do my work, my teaching, you guys,
00:08:31they just want to say that they bag the famous physicist guy. There are a bunch of bureaucrats
00:08:38generals with pokers up their asses, you know? What? You just said it. They wouldn't know where to look.
00:08:49You would. You can't pass up a puzzle. You're not as important as this.
00:09:01I'm sorry, love. You're right. I wasn't thinking.
00:09:06Write and explain that you're not fitting. I'm fit. I'm fit. What are you kidding? I'm fit as a fiddle.
00:09:13What do you Yorkshire folks say? I'm fit as a flea. You want the proof?
00:09:18What? Especially. You smell so good. Okay, but then you'd have no excuse.
00:09:30Damn you, woman. I'll have to wear a tie.
00:09:39Bye.
00:09:59Taxi!
00:10:08it's cold
00:10:11NASA headquarters
00:10:12NASA, you got it
00:10:15cold
00:10:19with America still in shock after the world's worst space disaster
00:10:23the address given by President Reagan in the hours following the accident
00:10:26now seems to have captured the mood of a nation
00:10:29we mourn seven heroes
00:10:30we mourn their loss as a nation
00:10:33so sir, are you something to do in the inquiry there?
00:10:35yeah, I'm on the Presidential Commission
00:10:38alongside some super important people
00:10:41and slipped the survey bonds of earth
00:10:44to touch the face of God
00:10:46focus now turns to the cause of the tragedy
00:10:49as the Presidential Commission
00:10:51we gotta get back up there
00:10:53something went really wrong
00:11:12keep that
00:11:13thank you
00:11:15sir, could I trouble you for an autograph?
00:11:18sure
00:11:20who do I make it out to?
00:11:22oh
00:11:24not you sir
00:11:24I meant Mr. Neil Armstrong
00:11:27first man on the moon
00:11:28you can mail it
00:11:29that's my driver number
00:11:31at that address
00:11:31okay
00:11:33I promise
00:11:34thank you
00:11:36thank you
00:11:37sir, what do you expect to find?
00:11:40what do you expect to find?
00:11:47pardon me
00:11:49Mr. Armstrong
00:11:50excuse me
00:11:50I think we met
00:11:51I'm Bill Rogers
00:11:52I'm Chairman of the Commission
00:11:54we're very fortunate to have you with us
00:11:57hey, I've got somebody who wants to meet you
00:12:00first woman in space
00:12:02wow
00:12:03Mr. Me
00:12:03we'll never do it
00:12:06Dr. Alton Laureate Richard Feynman
00:12:08your name I recognize too
00:12:09several years
00:12:10oh
00:12:12how is your integrity?
00:12:15how is your integrity?
00:12:16how is your integrity?
00:12:16I don't know
00:12:21Commissioner
00:12:23I appreciate you all coming together at short notice
00:12:27we have a huge vital task ahead of us
00:12:30upon which might depend the future of man's space flight in this country
00:12:35now I intend for this investigation
00:12:37to follow an orderly and proper procedure
00:12:40we are not going to conduct it in a manner that is in any way
00:12:45unfairly critical of NASA
00:12:47because we believe and certainly I believe
00:12:49that NASA has done an excellent job
00:12:52and I believe that the American people think so too
00:12:56anyone
00:12:58we have to accept the fact that this shuttle
00:13:01is the most complex machine that's ever been built
00:13:04I understand it has more than two and a half million parts
00:13:08it may be after due consideration
00:13:10it's just not possible to identify the cause
00:13:14now
00:13:14in terms of scheduling
00:13:16that's nothing
00:13:18I'm sorry Dr. Feynman
00:13:19two and a half million
00:13:20small potatoes
00:13:23I mean really look
00:13:24I don't know much about space rockets
00:13:28but I know a little something about probability
00:13:30something I developed called
00:13:32path integral formulation
00:13:37it's quantum mechanics
00:13:39yuck yuck
00:13:39but basically what it means is
00:13:43that you can figure out the probability
00:13:45of something occurring
00:13:48not just when
00:13:50you've got two and a half million events
00:13:52but
00:13:52an infinity
00:13:54of possibilities
00:13:55you know
00:13:57over large
00:13:58the number of causal paths
00:14:00for whatever happened to Challenger
00:14:02an explanation can be found
00:14:07what are we doing here
00:14:09if we don't think it's possible
00:14:11right
00:14:16Chairman Rogers
00:14:17I headed an investigation
00:14:18into the failure of a Titan rocket
00:14:21and I suggest
00:14:22I outline the procedure we used there
00:14:24I appreciate the offer
00:14:25General, continue
00:14:26but I think in this case
00:14:27there's far less collectible evidence
00:14:30I don't like to contradict you sir
00:14:32but in the case of the shuttle
00:14:33as there were human beings aboard
00:14:35it generates far more database material
00:14:37Mr. Rogers
00:14:38what the general said is the case
00:14:39there are external cameras
00:14:41there are black box recordings
00:14:42there are telemetry sensors
00:14:43there's a great deal of information
00:14:44thank you General Katana
00:14:46and Mr. Armstrong
00:14:47I'm certain we can get back to this
00:14:50please
00:14:51anyone
00:14:51Chairman
00:14:52yes
00:14:52I don't know about anyone else
00:14:54but
00:14:55coming in
00:14:56I got some major press attention
00:14:59I'd like to know
00:15:00what we're to say
00:15:01for the sake of the astronaut families
00:15:04what are we saying at this point
00:15:06this is very important
00:15:07any and all inquiries from the press
00:15:09are to be directed
00:15:10to Chairman Rogers' office
00:15:14so the plan is
00:15:16lady
00:15:16and gentlemen
00:15:18we will reconvene
00:15:20in five days time
00:15:21but for the present
00:15:22enjoy your stay in Washington
00:15:25what?
00:15:27we're not going to press it
00:15:29gee
00:15:30we don't start right away
00:15:51Dr. Feynman
00:15:54Bill Graham
00:15:54head of NASA
00:15:55thank you
00:15:57you know the guy that got me into this
00:15:59well I took your physics X lectures way back
00:16:02never forgotten
00:16:02I think you're going to bring something
00:16:05unique to the commission
00:16:06I abandoned
00:16:07my teaching
00:16:08and a lot of important consulting
00:16:10to come here
00:16:10didn't imagine
00:16:11I was going to be told
00:16:12to sit on my tush for a week
00:16:17so here's what I'm going to need
00:16:18I'm going to need a crash course
00:16:20I'm a shuttle designer
00:16:21I need to know everything
00:16:22when how this thing was put together
00:16:23so you can start supplying me
00:16:25with technical manuals
00:16:26and so forth
00:16:27and most of all
00:16:28you've got to get me straight
00:16:29on the factory floor
00:16:30pretty new to NASA myself
00:16:31we actually only took over
00:16:33two months ago
00:16:34that's bad timing
00:16:35we're based here in Washington
00:16:37but the shuttle engines and systems
00:16:39are all out of the Marshall Space Flight Center
00:16:41it pretty much stays terrible
00:16:42so
00:16:42get the head of the whole schmear
00:16:44I mean you can get me
00:16:45in this Marshall place
00:16:46otherwise I'm a busy fellow
00:16:47I'll do my best
00:16:48I'll get on it right away
00:16:50great thanks
00:16:55I like that you didn't live up there
00:16:57on the mighty chairman
00:17:01you take it
00:17:02I don't care for limousine
00:17:03well neither do I
00:17:04I'm just a two-star general
00:17:06don't get assigned limousine
00:17:07take the subway
00:17:11pleasure
00:17:11let me tell
00:17:16Maxi
00:17:20oh and there was a phone call
00:17:22for you sir
00:17:23please call your doctor
00:17:28Dr. Weiss
00:17:31the elevator's just to your right sir
00:18:00to begin what may be a lengthy process
00:18:02millions of Americans
00:18:04who watched our heroes perish
00:18:06only 73 seconds after takeoff
00:18:08on that cold January morning
00:18:09are waiting for answers
00:18:11Nancy and I are tamed to the core
00:18:13for the tragedy of the shuttle challenge
00:18:15we know we share this
00:18:16hello
00:18:18Graham
00:18:19you got me in
00:18:22great
00:18:23don't take a plane down in the morning
00:18:26thanks
00:18:28Alpha Plus
00:18:31I've always had great faith in
00:18:33and respect for our space program
00:18:35we don't hide our space program
00:18:37we don't keep secrets
00:18:39and cover things up
00:18:40we do it all up front
00:18:42and in public
00:18:43that's the way freedom is
00:18:44and we wouldn't change it
00:18:46for a minute
00:18:58oh it's immense
00:19:00this is an identical craft
00:19:02no it's a training simulator
00:19:03but for your purposes
00:19:05the flight deck systems
00:19:07the payload bay etc
00:19:08virtually identical
00:19:17do you want to see the flight deck
00:19:20do you want to see the flight deck
00:19:21do you want to see the flight deck
00:19:23do you want to see the flight deck
00:19:23do you want to see the flight deck
00:19:27do you want to see the flight deck
00:19:28do you want to see the flight deck
00:19:28do you want to see the flight deck
00:19:28do you want to see the flight deck
00:19:28do you want to see the flight deck
00:19:33do you want to see the flight deck
00:19:41You have four human beings jammed in this space.
00:19:44Can I sit here?
00:19:46Yeah.
00:19:49Wow.
00:19:52Okay.
00:19:54They got S-band communication links, environmental control systems, cabin pressure gauges.
00:20:02What is that?
00:20:04Emergency oxygen.
00:20:05Don't touch things.
00:20:13Come on.
00:20:14Come on.
00:20:23Dick Feynman, I'm on the commission.
00:20:25I got nothing to hide.
00:20:32If I was to ask you engineers, never mind what the managers say, but you guys, given all your experience,
00:20:38what you thought the probability was,
00:20:40of an accident on any single lodge, what would you say?
00:20:51If you don't want to say how loud, perhaps you could write down on a piece of paper.
00:21:09So you're looking at the solid rocket boosters?
00:21:12Okay, so they're not made here.
00:21:16No, they're made by our contractors, Morton Thiokol in Utah, railroaded into Kennedy and Inception.
00:21:22That's a pretty standard Tang and Cleavis joint.
00:21:25Look, there's no ways it was the solid rocket boosters.
00:21:27How so certain?
00:21:28Because they don't fly with holes in them.
00:21:31If it was the SRB, it would have exploded on the launch pad.
00:21:34These kept on flying.
00:21:35You see it in the footage.
00:21:36You watch the footage.
00:21:38Tell me what you saw.
00:21:39What went through your mind.
00:21:41What did you think it was?
00:21:43I thought it was the main engines.
00:21:45Okay.
00:21:45Why?
00:21:46Why the main engines?
00:21:47Because of the complexity.
00:21:48They're working at the outer edge of any experience base.
00:21:52In the blade technology.
00:21:54No, no, no.
00:21:55It's more than the blades.
00:21:56It's...
00:21:56Hey, there is no ways that I'm ratting out my co-workers here.
00:22:01Look, pal, if we're not allowed to find out what went wrong, there will be no more co-workers.
00:22:07All these jobs will be gone.
00:22:08Caput.
00:22:11There won't be another shuttle launch.
00:22:16Of the events on the morning of the 28th of January,
00:22:18the Presidential Commission investigating the accident headed by former Secretary of State William Rogers
00:22:24has met mostly behind closed doors.
00:22:29So far, it's given no hints about what it believes may have been the cause.
00:22:36Meanwhile, off the coast of Florida, the hunter-challenger wreckage continues.
00:22:40The combined NASA, Naval, and Coast Guard operation involving 14 ships,
00:22:44four submarines, and 11 aircraft is combing hundreds of square miles of ocean.
00:22:48Although NASA today released pictures showing recovered debris,
00:22:51they've been unable to confirm if they've found the crew compartment.
00:22:54In the absence of detailed information about what happened to Challenger,
00:22:57speculation about the cause of the accident continues to grow.
00:23:01Recent theories include everything from a computer programming error
00:23:03to unusually strong winds.
00:23:34The
00:23:43Chairman Rogers, the boat's, uh, just pulled in the crew compartment.
00:23:52Can you tell me, was the oxygen activated?
00:23:57Yes, Dr. Ride.
00:23:59It was.
00:24:01We, uh, maybe won't make that public.
00:24:05Straight away.
00:24:07Excuse me.
00:24:24Dr. Feynman, it's very important that this team stays together all the time.
00:24:32Why?
00:24:35It's been reported to me that you spent some time at Marshall, alone.
00:24:40That's not very helpful.
00:24:41Oh, no, Mr. Rogers, I don't find it helpful to stand around.
00:24:46The other commissioners are just being respectful.
00:24:49And you're saying I'm not?
00:24:53You understand the implications of the oxygen being activated?
00:24:58I do.
00:24:58The astronauts had to do that themselves, which means that they were alive for at least some of those two
00:25:08minutes and 36 seconds before they slammed into the ocean.
00:25:11Mr. Rogers, I'm an atheist, and I personally doubt that they're touching the face of God, so I prefer to
00:25:15show my respect by finding the cause of their appalling deaths and not stand around looking sad.
00:25:23You know, I didn't even want to be on this commission, but now that I'm on it, I got every
00:25:27intention of finding out what went wrong.
00:25:29You know, I don't know that NASA did an excellent job.
00:25:44The crew will be leaving in 30 minutes, except for General Kutina, who's made his own arrangements.
00:25:50I also may have my own arrangements.
00:25:55I can't force you to go.
00:25:57Nope.
00:25:58Nope.
00:25:59Nope.
00:26:00Nope.
00:26:00Nope.
00:26:01Nope.
00:26:02Nope.
00:26:03Nope.
00:26:04Nope.
00:26:17Are you going to work all night?
00:26:24If necessary.
00:26:25I don't know.
00:26:26How do you plan to get back to Washington?
00:26:28I got myself on kind of a pickle.
00:26:31I want to go back to Marshal.
00:26:34I guess I'll hire a car, but it's hundreds of miles.
00:26:37Well, I can give you a lift. I'll drop you in Alabama.
00:26:40Oh.
00:26:43Here, post 600.
00:26:45Okay.
00:26:57Well, I may not get a limo, but occasionally I get the use of a government jet.
00:27:02No.
00:27:03You imagine I was going to drive you 400 miles?
00:27:05This is tremendous.
00:27:09New for you?
00:27:11You're serious?
00:27:12No.
00:27:14No.
00:27:19It's okay.
00:27:28You know, what you have to realize is that you are uniquely independent.
00:27:34Yeah, how's that?
00:27:35Well, everyone on the commission has strong associations.
00:27:41So how?
00:27:42Well, to NASA, Armstrong, Ride, the government, Keele, Rogers was Secretary of State, and Bill Graham's even a personal friend
00:27:50of President Reagan's.
00:27:52And you?
00:27:53Me, the Air Force.
00:27:56How does the Air Force...
00:28:04You're the only independent.
00:28:09I'm independent.
00:28:11I'm invincible.
00:28:12Yeah, but check six.
00:28:15What check six?
00:28:16That's a fighter pilot's expression at six o'clock.
00:28:21The blind spot.
00:28:22Directly behind you.
00:28:23Oh.
00:28:26Watch my ass.
00:28:28What?
00:28:29What about you?
00:28:31Okay.
00:28:32Watch your ass here.
00:28:34What?
00:28:34It's a little steep.
00:28:35Right here.
00:28:59That's what we call the diamond.
00:29:01Wow, now that is very beautiful.
00:29:11What the hell?
00:29:13You happy with that?
00:29:14With that vibration?
00:29:15Don't worry, it steadies again after 65%.
00:29:21But to get to 65%, you gotta go through that?
00:29:25Sometimes, yeah.
00:29:31Can I see components?
00:29:33The blades?
00:29:43Oh, what is that?
00:29:46It's a crack in this blade.
00:29:49Yeah, it is an obvious crack.
00:30:02The blades often get those after a flight, but that's not a flight safety problem.
00:30:07Well, what is it, then?
00:30:08We were told to log it as a maintenance problem.
00:30:10Only if it develops into a full fracture, that would be a failure.
00:30:14So a failure only happens if it actually shears off?
00:30:17Uh-huh.
00:30:19Bull.
00:30:22Failure is the crack.
00:30:23Well, you could argue that...
00:30:25Failure is the crack.
00:30:26I mean, because it's not in the design.
00:30:27You know what I know is not supposed to crack.
00:30:35Who has the rest of the test data?
00:30:41Is that it?
00:30:53Failure is the crack.
00:30:56Failure is the crack.
00:30:59Failure is the crack.
00:31:01Failure is the crack.
00:31:02Failure is the crack.
00:31:04Failure is the crack.
00:31:05Failure is the crack.
00:31:07Failure is the crack.
00:31:07Failure is the crack.
00:31:10Failure is the crack.
00:31:11Failure is the crack.
00:31:11Failure is the crack.
00:31:42Discussion on the step-by-step process, so...
00:31:45Concentrate the investigation on the main engines.
00:31:49There are cracked turbine blades.
00:31:51As early as 1,375 seconds, equivalent to full power level.
00:31:56Also, at 4,000 Hertz, there are some nasty vibrations.
00:32:00So you think the cause lies within the engine?
00:32:02I bet my last dime on it. I just got back from Marshall.
00:32:06I just heard an interesting new definition of the word failure.
00:32:09Well, it's interesting that you should say that, Doctor.
00:32:11We've just received the telemetry data from NASA.
00:32:15And the sensors on the engines show that they performed absolutely perfectly.
00:32:22Get out of here.
00:32:23The engines began to shut down as fuel pressure decreased, exactly as designed.
00:32:32Well, that's extremely lucky, because I'm telling you, those engines have profound problems.
00:32:36Now, there is a step-by-step process for us all to follow.
00:32:41And I respectfully request that, from now on, you abide by it.
00:32:48We're all trying to find the answer.
00:32:53All right.
00:32:54Shall we begin?
00:32:58Step by step.
00:33:11Prof, don't let the chairman put you off.
00:33:16Look, you should come by the house at night for a bite if that appeals.
00:33:20Yeah?
00:33:22Okay, good.
00:33:23Excuse me for a second.
00:33:24Listen, I robbed that stuff.
00:33:25Graham, why didn't I know that we had the results from the sensors on the engines?
00:33:30NASA drip feeding us information to suit itself?
00:33:33I hear you.
00:33:34Doing this with one hand tied behind my back.
00:33:37I hear you, but...
00:33:40Richard?
00:33:46You okay?
00:33:54I'll see you tomorrow.
00:34:09I goofed.
00:34:12I thought I had the answer.
00:34:13It was way off.
00:34:15So what are you going to do?
00:34:16Are you going to stick with it?
00:34:18I don't know.
00:34:23Listen, there's a knock on the door.
00:34:25I'll call you later.
00:34:26All right, I'll call you.
00:34:48All right.
00:34:56I'm not sure why they chose to just lay them out in this order.
00:35:01It's good for you to tell them.
00:35:02But this is half that.
00:35:06Chairman Rogers?
00:35:07Those would be the same.
00:35:09This is half that.
00:35:09NASA's failure analysis team supplied still from camera E-207, trained on flight.
00:35:20Looks like it took a long time for this photograph to appear.
00:35:23Well, it's here now.
00:35:25What is that?
00:35:29A flame?
00:35:31Coming from a position on the side of the solid rocket booster.
00:35:35Did we know that?
00:35:35Did we know that already?
00:35:42We get stills from other angles, am I right?
00:35:47They had cameras all around.
00:35:48Yeah.
00:35:48Yes.
00:35:49Some of the cameras that were looking directly at the area were not working on the day, I'm told.
00:36:01Well, that's unfortunate.
00:36:04Hmm.
00:36:09Can I have that, please?
00:36:10Of course.
00:36:27Am I super late?
00:36:28I had to pick this up at the lab.
00:36:30No, no, it's not a problem.
00:36:31Nice car.
00:36:33You like it?
00:36:34I like it.
00:36:35I love it.
00:36:37I don't know if that enlargement's going to tell us anything.
00:36:40Let's see.
00:36:43Well, it's somewhat clear, no?
00:36:45No, that just makes the whole thing wider open.
00:36:46The flame is sharper.
00:36:47But that flame, where is it originating?
00:36:49And perhaps what we're seeing is the tip of a larger flame on the other side where there's
00:36:53no damn camera.
00:36:55A flame is not a cause.
00:36:57A flame is an effect.
00:36:59It's a symptom.
00:37:01It doesn't tell us which component split, sheared off, cracked.
00:37:05It shows us nothing.
00:37:08Takes us nowhere.
00:37:11I want to show you something.
00:37:13Multiple successful launches, identical components, and launch locations.
00:37:17So what made that day special?
00:37:19What were the variables?
00:37:21Take a break, Prof.
00:37:30Oh.
00:37:36You lucky fella.
00:37:38Yeah, I'd be lucky if I could get it running.
00:37:41It's out of commission.
00:37:42Yeah, the carburetor's seasoned this way.
00:37:45Oh.
00:37:49This must be how you stay calm.
00:37:52Roger the Dodger has got me going crazy with that process of his.
00:37:58He's a lawyer.
00:37:59He's working it through the way he knows.
00:38:01Yeah, well, maybe some others are kind of working it through the way they know.
00:38:05What, you think somebody's working it for themselves?
00:38:08Do you?
00:38:10It's Washington, after all.
00:38:12Yeah, well, I can't believe I got myself back in this world.
00:38:15You know, government, politics, and military guys like me.
00:38:20You're surprisingly okay.
00:38:24I guess you had your fill of military personnel through the 40s, so...
00:38:33What was your role back then?
00:38:37When?
00:38:39During the war, with the A-bomb.
00:38:45I did the theoretical figuring.
00:38:49It was the math.
00:38:51I calculated how much fissionable material would be necessary to make an effective weapon.
00:39:00It's not a good use of science.
00:39:10You helped end the war.
00:39:11Yeah.
00:39:15Wow.
00:39:16This is beautiful.
00:39:19Should we try that, Bordeaux?
00:39:21You go ahead.
00:39:22I no longer drink.
00:39:23I drink.
00:39:23I can't think.
00:39:35Oh, sir.
00:39:36We had maintenance.
00:39:37Look at your heating.
00:39:38Oh, thank you.
00:39:39Let me know if you still feel chilly.
00:39:41Yeah.
00:39:51Could you help me find the number of the National Weather Service?
00:40:00Can I borrow this?
00:40:02Sure.
00:40:03Yeah, please.
00:40:05Um, not a forecast.
00:40:07Uh, temperature at Cape Canaveral, nearby.
00:40:11Yeah, Jacksonville, Florida, on the morning of the 28th of January.
00:40:35That's the variable.
00:40:39I got the variable.
00:40:42It was freezing cold in the morning of the launch.
00:40:44We need to focus our questioning of the NASA managers on stuff to do with temperature.
00:40:49Temperature?
00:40:50You talking about ice?
00:40:51I don't know.
00:40:51Perhaps out of weight of ice.
00:40:52Perhaps some metal component becoming brittle.
00:40:55I don't know which component.
00:40:56There are only two and a half million possibilities.
00:40:58I'm pretty certain.
00:41:00Certain as you were about the engines?
00:41:02I don't know.
00:41:10You think from NASA failure analysis, I'll do this afternoon.
00:41:16Dr. Feynman's becoming a real pain in the ass.
00:41:21Well, yeah.
00:41:26You betcha.
00:41:28Yeah.
00:41:35Firefly.
00:41:38Firefly.
00:41:41Firefly.
00:41:48I don't know.
00:42:14Dr. Weiss?
00:42:15There.
00:42:19What are you doing here?
00:42:21Well, if the mountain won't go to Muhammad, you didn't answer my calls.
00:42:26So you tracked me down all the way across the country?
00:42:29No, no, no. I'm at Washington Hospital Center for a conference.
00:42:32You got an hour to come over there?
00:42:34Now?
00:42:35Yeah.
00:42:39Sure. Hold on.
00:42:41Um, I need to get this delivered to Dr. Keogh, Presidential Commission, this address.
00:42:49It's extremely important that I get there.
00:42:51Yes, sir.
00:42:56Good to see you.
00:42:57Hi.
00:43:10Another vengeance?
00:43:13Mm-hmm.
00:43:15It's compromising your remaining kidney.
00:43:19Show me the cells.
00:43:21Sure.
00:43:24Mm-hmm.
00:43:34Okay.
00:43:35That is not so pretty.
00:43:38I read up my chances if my sarcoma recurred.
00:43:42What's the deal if we add in this lymphoma?
00:43:45It's pretty difficult to calculate the decline.
00:43:47Don't.
00:43:48Weasel it, Doc.
00:43:49It's math.
00:43:50Look, Dick.
00:43:51It's not something we see.
00:43:53The particular cancers you have, then, they're extremely rare.
00:43:57Chance of having them in conjunction.
00:43:59Yeah, but, uh, given what you were doing during the war.
00:44:02Mm-hmm.
00:44:03It could even matters.
00:44:07What do you think?
00:44:08Well, the radiation.
00:44:09A lot of safety precautions with her.
00:44:11For the test, I...
00:44:14For the test, I had a pair of dark glasses, which I never put on.
00:44:17What?
00:44:18Jeez, they were...
00:44:20They were crazy days.
00:44:23We never slept.
00:44:25And we were on fire, you know, getting the theory and the math and the physics.
00:44:31It was a race.
00:44:32We thought we were saving civilization, but then we found out the determinants didn't have nuclear capability.
00:44:37And we kept on.
00:44:38Science was so exciting.
00:44:49I should have stopped.
00:44:52We threw a party.
00:44:54While people struggled and died, we threw a party.
00:44:58Hey, you were young.
00:44:59I wasn't a child.
00:45:02Yeah.
00:45:08Okay.
00:45:15I guess we'll talk on the phone.
00:45:17Yeah, sure.
00:45:20I think there are probably worse ways to go.
00:45:25Hey.
00:45:26Yeah?
00:45:27It's, uh, possibly lymphoma.
00:45:30The blood gets gummy.
00:45:32The pill is loose.
00:45:33Thanks.
00:45:35Yeah, I just taught me components that are flexible.
00:45:39Like, what about a solid rocket booster?
00:45:42Go ahead.
00:45:48Thank you, Louis.
00:45:50Hey.
00:45:51I thought this might be helpful.
00:45:53It's a section model of the SRP joint.
00:45:56I don't want to see a model.
00:45:58I want to see the real thing.
00:46:09So there are two O-rings, and they squidge in here.
00:46:14Correct.
00:46:16Has there ever been a history of problems with them?
00:46:19Well, there has been some erosion, even some blow-by.
00:46:22Blow-by is what?
00:46:24So, getting past the first O-ring.
00:46:26No, I mean that the seal is incomplete.
00:46:29Right.
00:46:30But the manufacturer said that...
00:46:31Morton Thiokol.
00:46:32Right.
00:46:33Thiokol said that the blow-by never got past the second O-ring.
00:46:36Never.
00:46:36But if something prevented the O-ring from doing its job,
00:46:42if it became rigid,
00:46:44because, for example,
00:46:46it was cold...
00:46:58I think what we're looking at is the O-rings within the seal of the SRB.
00:47:04Lower temperatures would diminish the flexibility.
00:47:06Rubber would get harder, less malleable.
00:47:08At a certain point, it would be too rigid to move into the gap.
00:47:13Bill, I need any data NASA have on the timings of Springback,
00:47:20resilience of the SRB O-rings in response to temperature.
00:47:25Ladies and gentlemen, good morning.
00:47:28Just a reminder that we have many witnesses today,
00:47:31and the press will be in the room.
00:47:34Yeah.
00:47:35Ladies and gentlemen, I would like to call the commission to order,
00:47:39so please take your seats.
00:47:41Make yourselves comfortable.
00:47:45Pilot to co-pilot.
00:47:46Fix your hair.
00:47:48Our first witness is Mr. Malloy.
00:47:51Mr. Malloy, would you come forward and identify yourself, please?
00:47:55I am Lawrence Malloy,
00:47:57Solid Rocket Booster Project Manager for NASA
00:48:00at the Marshall Space Flag Center.
00:48:02All right.
00:48:03Commissioners, anyone?
00:48:08Dr. Rye.
00:48:11Mr. Malloy,
00:48:13in your position at the Marshall Space Flight Center,
00:48:16you'd be aware of correspondence,
00:48:19memos, et cetera?
00:48:22I guess I'm wondering whether memos exist
00:48:25relating to problems of launching
00:48:28with the O-rings at low temperatures.
00:48:30I understand the morning of the launch was exceptionally cold.
00:48:34I'm not aware of such documents at Marshall.
00:48:39It's not correspondence,
00:48:41but on the evening before the launch,
00:48:43as a matter of routine,
00:48:46those of us from NASA
00:48:47asked our technical people and our contractors
00:48:49if there were any concerns
00:48:51concerns about low temperature.
00:48:55Morton Thiokol,
00:48:56who make the Solid Rocket Boosters,
00:48:58presented us with the fact
00:48:59that the lowest temperature
00:49:00we had ever flown in O-ring
00:49:03was 53 degrees,
00:49:04and
00:49:06they wanted to point out
00:49:07that we would be outside
00:49:08of that experience base.
00:49:09But
00:49:10having heard the discussion,
00:49:12we
00:49:12we all concluded
00:49:13that there was no problem
00:49:15with the predicted temperatures.
00:49:17And
00:49:17I have a document
00:49:18from the management
00:49:19of Morton Thiokol
00:49:19to that effect.
00:49:22Well, thank you.
00:49:23Thank you, Mr. Malloy.
00:49:24You may stand down
00:49:25for the time, V.
00:49:26Some guy in the back
00:49:28who wants to say something.
00:49:30I have something to add.
00:49:32I beg your pardon,
00:49:33I need to add
00:49:33to what he said, please.
00:49:35All right, sir.
00:49:36Please step forward.
00:49:37Step forward.
00:49:37Identify yourself.
00:49:46My name is Alan McDonald.
00:49:49I work for Morton Thiokol.
00:49:51I'm the director
00:49:52of the Solid Rocket Motors project.
00:49:54So I was at the launch
00:49:56at Kennedy.
00:49:57I'd like to say something
00:49:59about the meeting
00:49:59the night before the launch
00:50:00that
00:50:01Mr. Malloy talked about.
00:50:05Our Thiokol engineers
00:50:08warned NASA.
00:50:11They recommended NASA
00:50:13not to launch
00:50:14below 53 degrees.
00:50:16And I agreed with him.
00:50:17That was the coldest
00:50:18that we knew was safe.
00:50:20So you said
00:50:21not to launch
00:50:23below 53 degrees.
00:50:25And what was the actual
00:50:26temperature that morning?
00:50:28We believed that at launch
00:50:30it was going to be
00:50:31much colder.
00:50:32Below 32 degrees.
00:50:35Below freezing.
00:50:38NASA wasn't happy
00:50:39with that.
00:50:40Larry Molloy
00:50:42said,
00:50:43my God,
00:50:44fire call.
00:50:44When do we launch?
00:50:46April?
00:50:49Let me understand this.
00:50:51Now,
00:50:54are you saying
00:50:55that NASA
00:50:55applied pressure
00:50:56to change
00:50:58the launch
00:50:59recommendation?
00:51:00Yes, sir.
00:51:01There was pressure.
00:51:03They said,
00:51:04go review the data.
00:51:05Our people in Utah
00:51:05came back
00:51:06and recommended
00:51:07to NASA
00:51:08to launch.
00:51:10I refuse to sign.
00:51:16It is important
00:51:17that NASA
00:51:18be given
00:51:19the opportunity
00:51:20to respond.
00:51:21What's just been alleged?
00:51:23We must allow...
00:51:24What the hell
00:51:25is going on here?
00:51:33Some people
00:51:34say McDonald's
00:51:34not going to CYA.
00:51:35CYA,
00:51:36what is that?
00:51:37That stands for
00:51:37cover your ass.
00:51:38But if they were warned...
00:51:40The astronauts
00:51:40you weren't.
00:51:41I want to know
00:51:42what's happening
00:51:42right here
00:51:43between NASA
00:51:43and the contractors.
00:51:44We need to talk
00:51:45more to him.
00:51:47Richard.
00:51:48Richard.
00:51:49The data you wanted
00:51:50and the resistance
00:51:51time of the opening...
00:51:51Okay, thanks.
00:51:51We need to hear
00:51:52more from him.
00:51:53Can you stop
00:51:53Mr. McDonald
00:51:55from...
00:51:57Nah.
00:52:32Hi, I need to contact
00:52:34Alan McDonald
00:52:35with NASA's
00:52:36Challenger Failure
00:52:37Analysis Team.
00:52:38I phoned
00:52:39but I was told
00:52:40he's no longer
00:52:41in Washington.
00:52:42That information
00:52:43is restricted.
00:52:46He was on the team
00:52:47but he's been removed?
00:52:49I can't answer that, sir.
00:52:57Look,
00:52:58all I want to do
00:52:59is speak to
00:52:59Alan McDonald.
00:53:01What?
00:53:01So there's no one
00:53:03I can talk to
00:53:04in the whole entirety
00:53:05of Morton
00:53:06Thyacall.
00:53:07There's no one
00:53:07who can answer
00:53:08my question?
00:53:10Well,
00:53:11have a nice day.
00:53:37and we can't
00:53:40look at
00:53:40you said
00:53:42and you
00:53:42everything
00:53:42I feel
00:53:45I tried to find Macdonald, no luck, but it's clear why his bosses wanted to please NASA.
00:53:52Very big money at stake.
00:53:54I'll catch you later.
00:54:21I'll catch you later.
00:55:03I'll catch you later.
00:55:37I'll catch you later.
00:55:52I'll catch you later.
00:56:22I'll catch you later.
00:56:52I'll catch you later.
00:57:24I'll catch you later.
00:57:36I'll catch you later.
00:57:48I'll catch you later.
00:58:00I'll catch you later.
00:58:12I'll catch you later.
00:58:24I'll catch you later.
00:58:35I'll catch you later.
00:58:35I'll catch you later.
00:58:44I'll catch you later.
00:58:53I'll catch you later.
00:58:53I'll catch you later.
00:58:53I'll catch you later.
00:58:54I'll catch you later.
00:58:55I'll catch you later.
00:59:00I'll catch you later.
00:59:03I'll catch you later.
00:59:03.
00:59:35.
00:59:35.
00:59:35.
00:59:35.
00:59:35.
00:59:35.
00:59:35.
00:59:35.
00:59:39.
00:59:43.
00:59:43.
00:59:43.
00:59:45.
00:59:45.
00:59:51.
00:59:53.
00:59:53.
00:59:54.
01:00:14.
01:00:16.
01:00:16.
01:00:16.
01:00:17.
01:00:18.
01:00:19.
01:00:21.
01:00:21.
01:00:21.
01:00:21.
01:00:22.
01:00:22.
01:00:22.
01:00:22.
01:00:25.
01:00:29.
01:00:31.
01:00:31.
01:00:31.
01:00:31.
01:00:31.
01:00:31.
01:00:31.
01:00:31.
01:00:35.
01:00:38.
01:00:39.
01:01:01.
01:01:02.
01:01:03.
01:01:04.
01:01:07.
01:01:09.
01:01:10.
01:01:30.
01:01:31.
01:01:32.
01:01:33.
01:01:33.
01:01:59.
01:02:00.
01:02:00.
01:02:01.
01:02:01.
01:02:03.
01:02:07.
01:02:08.
01:02:08.
01:02:09.
01:02:09.
01:02:09.
01:02:10.
01:02:12.
01:02:16.
01:02:17.
01:02:17.
01:02:18.
01:02:18.
01:02:18.
01:02:19.
01:02:19.
01:02:25.
01:02:26.
01:02:26.
01:02:56.
01:02:57.
01:03:26.
01:03:27.
01:03:56.
01:03:56.
01:03:56.
01:03:57.
01:03:57.
01:03:57.
01:03:57.
01:03:58.
01:03:58.
01:04:01.
01:04:02.
01:04:02.
01:04:02.
01:04:02.
01:04:02.
01:04:02.
01:04:10.
01:04:12.
01:04:12.
01:04:13.
01:04:13.
01:04:13.
01:04:42.
01:04:43.
01:04:43.
01:04:43.
01:04:44.
01:04:44.
01:04:46.
01:04:50.
01:04:51.
01:04:52.
01:05:21.
01:05:22.
01:05:22.
01:05:22.
01:05:23.
01:05:24.
01:05:29.
01:05:30.
01:05:30.
01:05:30.
01:05:31.
01:05:31.
01:05:32.
01:05:32.
01:05:34.
01:05:37.
01:05:39.
01:05:39.
01:05:39.
01:05:40.
01:05:41.
01:05:41.
01:05:43.
01:05:46.
01:05:48.
01:05:48.
01:05:48.
01:05:49.
01:05:49.
01:05:51.
01:05:53.
01:05:55.
01:05:56.
01:05:57.
01:05:58.
01:06:27.
01:06:28.
01:07:01.
01:07:02.
01:07:02.
01:07:02.
01:07:03.
01:07:04.
01:07:06.
01:07:08.
01:07:09.
01:07:09.
01:07:12.
01:07:12.
01:07:13.
01:07:14.
01:07:18.
01:07:21.
01:07:21.
01:07:21.
01:07:21.
01:07:21.
01:07:23.
01:07:23.
01:07:23.
01:07:30.
01:07:31.
01:07:33.
01:07:33.
01:07:34.
01:07:35.
01:07:36.
01:07:36.
01:07:36.
01:07:40.
01:07:41.
01:07:41.
01:07:43.
01:07:45.
01:07:46.
01:07:46.
01:07:46.
01:07:46.
01:07:46.
01:07:47.
01:07:48.
01:07:49.
01:07:52.
01:07:52.
01:07:53.
01:07:53.
01:07:53.
01:08:22.
01:08:23.
01:08:52.
01:08:53.
01:09:22.
01:09:23.
01:09:23.
01:09:23.
01:09:24.
01:09:26.
01:09:30.
01:09:31.
01:09:31.
01:09:32.
01:09:32.
01:09:32.
01:09:33.
01:09:33.
01:09:35.
01:09:36.
01:09:37.
01:10:06.
01:10:07.
01:10:36.
01:10:37.
01:11:06.
01:11:07.
01:11:07.
01:11:07.
01:11:08.
01:11:08.
01:11:10.
01:11:14.
01:11:15.
01:11:16.
01:11:45.
01:12:15.
01:12:45.
01:13:15.
01:13:45.
01:13:46.
01:14:15.
01:14:16.
01:14:45.
01:14:46.
01:15:15.
01:15:16.
01:15:45.
01:15:46.
01:16:16.
01:16:19.
01:16:20.
01:16:22.
01:16:45.
01:16:46.
01:16:46.
01:16:47.
01:16:47.
01:16:49.
01:16:53.
01:16:54.
01:16:54.
01:16:55.
01:17:24.
01:17:25.
01:17:54.
01:17:55.
01:18:24.
01:18:25.
01:18:54.
01:18:55.
01:19:24.
01:19:25.
01:19:54.
01:19:55.
01:20:24.
01:20:25.
01:20:54.
01:20:55.
01:20:55.
01:20:55.
01:20:56.
01:20:57.
01:21:02.
01:21:03.
01:21:03.
01:21:03.
01:21:33.
01:21:33.
01:22:03.
01:22:04.
01:22:33.
01:22:34.
01:23:03.
01:23:04.
01:23:33.
01:23:34.
01:24:03.
01:24:03.
01:24:04.
01:24:04.
01:24:05.
01:24:06.
01:24:10.
01:24:12.
01:24:12.
01:24:12.
01:24:42.
01:24:42.
01:25:12.
01:25:13.
01:25:42.
01:25:43.
01:26:12.
01:26:13.
01:26:42.
01:26:42.
01:26:42.
01:26:43.
01:26:44.
01:26:45.
01:26:47.
01:26:49.
01:26:50.
01:26:51.
01:26:51.
01:26:51.
01:26:52.
01:26:53.
01:26:54.
01:26:58.
01:26:59.
01:27:01.
01:27:01.
01:27:01.
01:27:01.
01:27:01.
01:27:03.
01:27:04.
01:27:05.
01:27:05.
01:27:05.
01:27:05.
01:27:05.
01:27:06.
01:27:07.
01:27:07.
01:27:08.
01:27:08.
01:27:08.
01:27:08.
01:27:09.
01:27:09.
01:27:09.
01:27:09.
01:27:11.
01:27:11.
01:27:12.
01:27:12.
01:27:12.
01:27:13.
01:27:13.
01:27:13.
01:27:14.
01:27:14.
01:27:14.
01:27:14.
01:27:15.
01:27:15.
01:27:15.
01:27:15.
01:27:16.
01:27:16.
01:27:16.
01:27:17.
01:27:17.
01:27:17.
01:27:17.
01:27:17.
01:27:17.
01:27:18.
Comments