00:00Listen, how many types of papas do you know?
00:02And no, I'm referring to the French, the casco, and much less to the paquete,
00:07but to the varieties.
00:08I, if I'm honest, I know the pastusa, the criolla and the sabanera.
00:13Let's see how it's been to some journalists from The Espectador
00:16trying to identify some varieties that are not so common in the supermarkets.
00:21I think I've never seen it.
00:22It looks like the pastusa in the form of the afuera.
00:24What color?
00:27Pepino, I don't know, I don't know what it is.
00:31I don't know.
00:32It's like an indígena.
00:36And if I told you that there is an indígena that knows more than 130 varieties,
00:41it's Alfonso Enrique Chinguat.
00:43He can identify them because in his house,
00:45in the veredad Tasmag del Resguardo Indígena del Gran Cumvale, Nariño,
00:49he plants and plants to preserve them.
00:52But you'll be wondering why we're talking about papas,
00:55why are they so important?
00:56And it's that, as well as being an accompanist in the Colombian cuisine,
01:00with its high value nutritional value,
01:02these tubérculos will be the key to face the climate change.
01:06Before that, let's move on a little bit of time
01:08and let's move on quickly the history of this tubérculo,
01:12which, although it usually is in our dishes,
01:14we really don't know much.
01:15In fact, even a few months ago,
01:18a group of scientists
01:19asegurated to have finally solved the mysterious origin of the papas.
01:23Although we knew that it appeared in the surroundings of Titicaca,
01:26in the border between what today is Perú and Bolivia,
01:28these researchers discovered that it emerged from the natural cruce
01:31in a silvestre between plantas of tomate and species similar to the papas.
01:36This hibridation, as they define the scientists,
01:39occurred in 9 million years ago,
01:41in 9.000 years ago, they domesticated in the Andes
01:43and only until the 16th century began its expansion worldwide,
01:47when the Europeans took it from Sudamérica.
01:49Now, the papas is the fourth food alimentary most important in the world,
01:53only behind the arroz, the trigo and the maíz.
01:56To make you an idea,
01:57there are more than 4.000 varieties of papas
02:00that are preserved in the majority of communities of the Andes.
02:04In Colombia, they have identified approximately 900
02:07that are preserved in the Colombian Central Colombian of Papas,
02:11which has agro-sabias.
02:12Nariño, where Alfonso Chinguat,
02:14is the department that has more aportated to this collection
02:17with 394 varieties.
02:19They follow in Boyacá with 154 and Cauca with 121.
02:23And, although it is asombrous that Alfonso Chinguat
02:26now has more than 130 varieties of papas in his territory,
02:29hace 20 years the history was very different.
02:32For that time, only had 25.
02:33The native papas, which preserved for thousands of years
02:36their antepasados indígenas pastos,
02:39were lost.
02:40To recover them,
02:41Chinguat began to recorrer the different
02:43areas of the resguard indígena of Gran Cumbal.
02:46It was from home to home,
02:47exchanging seeds,
02:48and years later, he had 60.
02:50The authorities of the resguard
02:51began to organize ferias,
02:53and the truques became more big.
02:55In 2013, he came back to them
02:57and he came to the 130 varieties.
02:59Although he is the one who has the most
03:01in the resguard indígena,
03:02ago, AgroSabi applied 206
03:05surveys and found that, in average,
03:07every family has 50 varieties.
03:10Now, the indigenous community
03:12of the pastos works
03:13in the hands of the scientists
03:15of the most important and important
03:17research centers in the world
03:18to strengthen their work of conservation
03:20and to face several important challenges.
03:23For example, for the climate change,
03:25the heladas,
03:26which before occurred in January and August,
03:28now can surprise them at any time
03:30and damage them completely.
03:32The increase in the temperature
03:34also affects the expansion
03:36of new plants,
03:37some with the ability to damage
03:39the 100% of the harvest.
03:41In the meantime,
03:42scientists and indigenous
03:43find the strategies to continue
03:45with this work.
03:46And it is that,
03:47having a high variability of the papas,
03:49told us,
03:49the Gayanet Pérez,
03:50gestor of innovation
03:51of the Red of Raíces
03:52and Tubérculos
03:52of AgroSabi,
03:53means to ensure
03:54food for the future.
03:56If we have very few varieties
03:58and we get a plaque
03:59and we don't have food,
04:00we can't eat.
04:01If we have a large variety
04:02of papas
04:03and some are more resistant
04:04than others,
04:05we can maintain
04:05and be the future
04:07If you want to know more
04:08about this great
04:09history of conservation
04:10between scientists
04:11and indigenous people,
04:12you can go through the text
04:13that we published
04:13in the Ciencias del Espectador
04:15and don't forget
04:16to follow us
04:17on our social networks.
04:18and we'll see you next time.
