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Discover the hidden power of Vaseline that goes beyond skincare. This high-density hydrophobic barrier can seal battery terminals, outdoor locks, and carbon steel from oxygen, preventing corrosion effectively. Witness the astonishing results of a year-long saltwater test that reveals the real anti-corrosion potential of this common product. Engineers are leveraging this simple solution for tough problems. Uncover the 2026 "Rust Glitch" and elevate your maintenance game with this unexpected ally!
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FunTranscript
00:00Linda is an intern at a dental clinic.
00:04She's walking up to her car with a coffee in one hand and a purse in the other.
00:09She takes out the keys, but they fall out of her hands.
00:13She puts the bag on the car's roof, picks up the keys, opens the door, starts the engine, and drives
00:20away.
00:22She pulls out onto the road and realizes she must have left her bag on the roof.
00:26Linda pulls over, gets out, and looks back.
00:30Her purse is on the ground.
00:31Linda's approaching it, but a truck runs over the bag.
00:35Her cosmetics, a cell phone, a book, and everything else is flattened and broken.
00:41Linda gets out a smashed, curved tube of toothpaste.
00:45She squeezes the gel onto her palm.
00:47How is this possible?
00:49There should be a complete mess inside the tube.
00:51But somehow, these three colored stripes didn't mix.
00:55They're running parallel to each other with the same thickness.
00:58Linda decides to find out how it works.
01:01She comes home and puts the toothpaste in the freezer.
01:06After a couple of hours, she takes out the tube and cuts it in half.
01:12She sees a frozen substance with three colors inside.
01:16It seems they put the gel in the tube in this way, with three stripes.
01:21When you squeeze the tube, the paste comes out evenly.
01:24Okay, but why don't these colors mix inside?
01:28Linda finds out there's a whole science studying the deformation and flow of substances in liquid,
01:34gaseous, and soft-solid states.
01:37They call it rheology.
01:39They use this science to create the necessary viscosity and density of toothpaste
01:44to prevent it from mixing inside the tube and turn it into foam as you brush your teeth.
01:49They put toothpaste in the tube from the backside with the help of a special machine.
01:55Different strips inside the tube have the same rheology.
01:59Under uneven pressures, they retain the same thickness and flow.
02:02When it rests inside the box, these strips have a more voluminous shape.
02:08But when you squeeze them, they get thinner as they approach the nozzle.
02:12They're released at the same speed and consistency, no matter how hard you press.
02:17The toothpaste regains the thickness after being pressed.
02:21It's like a marshmallow that returns to its shape after you've smashed it.
02:25Some dental companies equip their product with a small cylinder connected to the nozzle inside the tube.
02:31They fill the pack with white paste and put a small amount of two colorful gels on the sides of
02:38the cylinder.
02:38As you're squeezing out the toothpaste, it's passing through both sides of the cylinder
02:43and pushing the colored gel out of the container.
02:46Then, all of it comes through the nozzle in the form of three stripes.
02:52There are a lot of different patterns of toothpaste.
02:55It can be three stripes or just one color.
02:59But white, red, and blue are the classics.
03:03The white stripe is responsible for whitening teeth and removing the dirt.
03:07This is an essential function of toothpaste, so there's a lot of white gel.
03:12The blue stripe is responsible for fresh breath and protection from germs.
03:17The red color protects and strengthens the gums.
03:20This is not a strict rule, and companies may change the functions of the stripes however they want.
03:27Linda is a little dizzy from all this knowledge, but she seems to understand everything.
03:33She squeezes the toothpaste onto the brush and thinks,
03:36Why does the brush have exactly this length?
03:39And why should the toothpaste cover it completely?
03:42Brushes have various shapes, but their proportions are generally explicitly created for comfortable cleaning.
03:48And here's a little secret about the amount of toothpaste.
03:52You don't need to cover the entire brush.
03:54One little piece size is enough to clean your teeth.
03:58Companies want you to run out of toothpaste quickly to make you buy a new one sooner.
04:04Linda is brushing her teeth and thinking how lucky she is to live in the 21st century.
04:10Toothpaste, dentists, and dentures.
04:12So many different ways to treat and care for teeth.
04:15She can imagine how difficult it was for people long before they invented dental technologies in the distant past.
04:22It seems they all had severe teeth problems and were in pain.
04:26But in fact, they didn't.
04:28Even cave people had much better teeth than we have now.
04:32Archaeologists found evidence of this.
04:34Many ancient skulls have a perfect row of teeth without cavities.
04:39Linda doesn't believe it.
04:41She looks at her electronic toothbrush.
04:43Hmm, those ancient civilizations must have had some secret technologies that we don't know about.
04:49But there were no dental technologies.
04:51To understand how they managed to keep their teeth so healthy, you first need to understand what a tooth is.
04:58On the inside, it consists of dentin.
05:01A flexible but durable substance.
05:07The outer part is covered with the most solid material in the human body, enamel.
05:13It's made of calcium and covers each tooth.
05:16And it's not just a strong shield.
05:18Enamel consists of hundreds of thousands of thin fibers called prisms.
05:23One prism is brittle.
05:25But a bundle of a million can be as hard as a diamond.
05:28The prisms are closely twisted with each other, like a rope, and form an ideal tooth structure.
05:35That's why teeth are a perfect tool for survival.
05:38Imagine a cave human eating meat and vegetables.
05:41This food is different from steak and salads at a restaurant.
05:45Back then, food was quite dense and solid.
05:48To chew it, you had to have strong jaws and teeth.
05:52Every meal was a real workout.
05:54During chewing, the fibers in meats and vegetables cleaned teeth from dirt and dental plaque.
06:00People had strong gums and didn't know about cavities.
06:04Their teeth were practically invulnerable.
06:07Many years later, we began to use this excellent tool for survival to chew soft buns, hamburgers, tender pâtés, and
06:16omelets.
06:17Teeth no longer receive the load they were created for.
06:20That's why they've become weak.
06:22Humanity is faced with a diet that has never existed in the entire history of our planet.
06:28Too little time had passed from the moment when people were chewing on mammoths
06:31to the instant they started ordering tender meatballs at a restaurant.
06:36In simple words, softness has taken over the strongest material in the human body.
06:41Yeah, the teeth became weaker.
06:44But then, another serious problem arose.
06:47Sugar.
06:48Cavities appeared when they first brought sugar to Europe.
06:51This delicacy instantly became popular.
06:54They added it to food and just ate it in cubes like candies.
06:58Sugar was considered a prestigious and expensive thing.
07:02Of course, no one knew that this product would cause tooth decay.
07:06When this problem appeared, people started to create new dental technologies.
07:11There are other destroyers besides sugar.
07:14Your mouth contains a lot of bacteria.
07:16Most of them help digest food, get rid of bad microbes, and clean teeth from plaque.
07:22But there are also harmful germs that destroy teeth structure and form cavities.
07:27In the past, when food was more natural and rugged, these microbes were not dangerous for strong teeth.
07:36Today, we eat food rich in carbs, flavorings, various additives, and sugar.
07:41We help harmful bacteria multiply, making them stronger.
07:46Your lifestyle also affects dental health.
07:49In the past, people had to get food in the fields, forests, and mountains.
07:54They mostly lived an active lifestyle and burned a lot of calories.
07:58Nobody really works like that now.
08:01Training in the gym is much easier than trying to catch a mammoth.
08:04Lack of activity provides calories.
08:07Extra calories and germs create stomach problems.
08:10Gas and acids from the intestine enter the oral cavity and destroy the teeth as well.
08:16Now, just look at these guys for comparison.
08:19Cats, lions, bears, tigers, cows, and other animals with teeth still eat the same way they did millions of years
08:30ago.
08:31And that's why they hardly ever have dental problems.
08:34Many tribes of indigenous people living far from civilization also have perfect teeth.
08:40Linda realizes that all this is true.
08:42And what do we all have to do with that?
08:45Move to a distant island and eat bananas?
08:47Eh, no worries.
08:48It's not that bad after all.
08:50Just eat less sugar, clean your teeth with a brush, and use dental floss twice a day.
08:55Visit the dentist regularly and everything will be fine.
09:03Decades ago, no one would ever imagine keeping a stick in their pocket that could hold hundreds of gigabytes.
09:09We've come a long way since then, and got used to USBs transferring our files from device to device with
09:15ease.
09:15In 2000, two major companies developed and sold the first USB flash drives 1.0, which snowballed into USB 2
09:24.0, 3.0, Type-C, and so on.
09:28Physically, they can endure rough treatment and won't get damaged easily, especially if you get proper protection.
09:33By design, USBs are almost perfect.
09:37So perfect that you always make the mistake of inserting it in the wrong way.
09:41Admit it, the two square holes are used to help the USB secure its position once it's inside the port.
09:47It's not strong enough to keep it stuck, but strong enough to do its job.
09:53You can protect your USB with proper encryption.
09:56This means that if anyone gets their hands on them, they won't be able to read them.
10:00Encrypted files end up being scrambled into gibberish of a series of letters and numbers instead of comprehensive words to
10:07anyone who tries to read it.
10:09The file is only accessible if someone gets their hands on that USB.
10:13But if you're using certain online services like messaging or emailing, then encryption is simply not enough.
10:19Sure, the person on the other end can't read the contents of the work, but the hosting website can.
10:27This is where end-to-end encryption comes in.
10:30That means any information that goes in and out is, again, scrambled into gibberish to anyone who is in the
10:36way of your traffic, including the hosting service.
10:40Cloud Storage has taken the world by storm.
10:43You can now save everything that's on your desktop to the internet and access that data across multiple devices.
10:49All you need is an email and password, and boom, you're safe and have all your files in one place.
10:57Cloud Storage isn't data floating up in the clouds, but, less excitingly, servers that physically store data.
11:03They're like regular computers, just minus the monitors for viewing.
11:07These servers take up a lot of money.
11:10That's why you normally have to pay for their services.
11:12The servers are placed in data centers all around the world where third-party companies manage them.
11:18It's like getting remote access to a computer.
11:21The servers include a master control server, backup server, and a linked supply of servers operating to maintain a good
11:28quality service.
11:29The more money you pay, the better the server your data will be stored in.
11:35In the realm of computers, you just can't delete something to be gone forever.
11:40Whatever file you want to remove is already present in the hard disk as electrical impulses.
11:46And, depending on your gadget, it will be disposed of in a recycle bin or the garbage.
11:51That isn't to say that it isn't still there.
11:54It simply implies that the file has been moved to a different folder from which you can easily recover it.
11:59So, if you're worried about accidentally deleting a crucial document you've been working on for weeks, don't panic.
12:05It's not gone for good.
12:06But if your device breaks, then all your data is lost.
12:11If you own a device that has Windows 10, then you've probably been shutting down thinking that your computer or
12:17laptop is completely off.
12:18This is not the case.
12:20Windows 10 doesn't actually shut down, but goes into a state of hibernation.
12:24It keeps your app saved for you to recover.
12:27The proper way to shut it down is by resetting it.
12:31Windows operating system is known for being user-friendly with all the commands displayed in front of you.
12:37But for computer whiz kids, know that you can open the search bar and type CMD for the command prompt.
12:44It looks just like a bunch of random characters, but this is where you can achieve a lot with your
12:49device.
12:51If you don't like the black window, you can always change the color of your suiting.
12:56Once you launch the command prompt window, right-click on the title bar and then on Properties, another window will
13:03open which has the option of choosing colors.
13:05You can pick the colors you want for the background and text or fix the opacity for the CMD window.
13:13This is easy mode.
13:15The real work is typing commands in the window.
13:17If you want to look for all your drivers on your Windows 10 device, then type in this command in
13:23the window.
13:24Don't forget to add spaces.
13:26The list of servers will magically pop up on your screen.
13:29This is a good way to get to the bottom of your issue instead of searching for them manually.
13:34You can also hide specific folders on your computer through the command prompt by typing this command and pressing enter.
13:42Of course, you'll have to type in the folder you want to hide and poof, it's gone.
13:48The non-tech way of doing this is by opening the Properties pane in the folder and clicking on the
13:53checkbox that shows Hidden.
13:57While this is indeed the easy way of hiding your folders, it's not the most effective.
14:02You can simply write Show Hidden Files and Folders and every checkbox you check will be visible again.
14:10The command prompt isn't all about business.
14:13You can try playing a game there to pass the time.
14:16Don't expect a AAA kind with realistic graphics and epic gameplay.
14:21Type this command and you'll be transported into the game via text.
14:25This game will allow you to create characters and engage in this imaginary world.
14:31Google Chrome is one of the most popular browsers on the net, but you can also play a text-based
14:37game there, just like in the command prompt.
14:39First press Ctrl plus Shift plus J to open the console.
14:45Then type text adventure into the search box.
14:48Don't freak out, you just opened the sort of a back end of the page.
14:53Next, click on the box that says Console.
14:56Console.
14:56You'll be greeted with a text that will ask you if you want to play a game.
15:00Type Yes and you'll instantly begin.
15:03They'll give you some basic commands which are easy to follow and an opening premise of the journey.
15:09If you're looking for something a little more contemporary, then get ready to play some solitaire.
15:14No worries, you don't have to type some command to play it.
15:17All you need to do is type Solitaire in the search bar, and you're there.
15:22You can play the exciting game of Solitaire in your web browser.
15:26And when you get bored, you can play the classic game Pac-Man.
15:31If you're from the generation of the classic bulky phones, then this next game will bring back all those memories
15:37of your childhood.
15:38Open Google and type Snake, and there you go.
15:43When the internet is down, you can play the dinosaur game in your browser window while you're impatiently waiting for
15:49the Wi-Fi to come back.
15:50This game is very simple.
15:52After pressing Enter, you just have to hit the space bar to jump over obstacles.
15:57And at a certain point, you'll have the option to duck down, which will make it even more challenging.
16:02Even without Wi-Fi, you can still have a good time.
16:05You can pause the game whenever you want by pressing the Alt key or F11.
16:09You can just click on your screen to continue the game at any time.
16:14Windows 11 has some cool hidden features that are very useful, like adjusting the volume for each individual app.
16:22You can go to Settings and click on System.
16:25Hit the Sound section.
16:27This will bring you to all the sound levels and the master switch.
16:32Copy-pasting is so essential to our everyday workflow that Windows 11 decide to take it to a whole other
16:38level with Clipboard History.
16:41This option allows you to save your copied texts in one designated area, which you can access any time.
16:49And the good news is that this option is also available on Windows 10.
16:53Just click on the Windows key, plus V, and you're good to go.
16:58If you have too many windows opened on Windows 11, you can grab the window that you want to keep
17:03and shake it.
17:04It will minimize all the remaining windows in the background so that you can have a pleasant, productive workflow.
17:10Oh wait, it's happening now!
17:12Can you believe it?
17:14There are two different ways to drink juice from a juice box.
17:17The first way is the default one.
17:19And the second is to flip the straw over so that its shorter side sits at the bottom of the
17:25box.
17:26Using the first method, you may have difficulty getting the last sips of liquid because the straw can't reach all
17:32the corners properly.
17:33Some straws have their bottom corner sharper than the top.
17:37It's deliberately designed that way to pierce through the seal.
17:40That's why some people believe the right way to drink juice is the conventional one.
17:45Now, let's continue with straws.
17:47Do you know there's a correct way to use a straw while drinking from a can of soda?
17:52So, you're about to have some Coke.
17:54You pop the tab open, then you put a straw in the can.
17:58Now you need to make a constant effort to keep the straw steady.
18:01See this hole in the top?
18:03Yeah!
18:04Turn the pop tab around and put your straw through the hole.
18:07It'll serve as a straw holder.
18:09No need to be annoyed by the tipping straw.
18:13So, what's the best way to eat a cupcake?
18:15Turn it into a sandwich.
18:17Step 1. Peel off the paper wrapped around the cupcake.
18:20Step 2. Carefully divide the cake into two parts.
18:24Step 3. Put the bottom side of the cupcake on top of the frosting.
18:29This is how you eat a cupcake like a pro.
18:32Okay, another quick word about cakes.
18:35People generally use kitchen knives to cut cakes into two parts.
18:39But you can use dental floss.
18:41Take a piece of floss and wrap it around the cake horizontally.
18:45Hold the ends tight with both hands and pull them in opposite directions.
18:49There you go.
18:50Well, now you have an evenly cut cake.
18:52Smooth, huh?
18:53You can use floss to cut through a cake vertically, too.
18:57This way, you'll reduce the chance of messing up the frosting.
19:00Do you use your fingers to dip your Oreos in milk?
19:03Try using a fork.
19:05Stick it between the wafers vertically and dip the cookie in milk.
19:09Well, you try it.
19:10I'm sticking with my fingers.
19:12Been doing it all my life.
19:13Hey, call me a rebel.
19:15You put your food in the microwave.
19:17The plate is hot and the upper part of the dish is steaming.
19:20You start eating.
19:22Oh, no, not again.
19:23Your meal hasn't heated evenly.
19:25If you want your dish to be equally warm, arrange it in a donut shape and leave an empty spot
19:32in the center.
19:32The middle part of your dish takes longer to heat up.
19:35By the time the center warms up, the edges might be overheated.
19:40Sometimes, you need to microwave two bowls of food at the same time.
19:43In this case, you can try placing the second bowl on top of a cup.
19:48This will give you free space for the second bowl.
19:51Creative solutions for small microwaves.
19:54Now, better to secure the cup first, though.
19:56Cleaning the splashed food will take more time than using this method.
20:00To save space, you should roll your clothes instead of folding them when packing.
20:05They don't get creased when you roll them.
20:07Plus, they take less space this way.
20:10Okay, we might as well continue with another packing trick.
20:13After rolling your clothes, pack them in your suitcase vertically, not horizontally.
20:18Your clothes will fit better into the bag, and you'll have more room for other essential stuff.
20:24Drinking iced coffee is a great way to cool your body on a summer day.
20:28Sadly, the ice cubes start to dilute the coffee pretty soon, changing the taste of the drink.
20:33To avoid this, you can freeze some coffee into ice cubes beforehand.
20:38This way, your iced coffee won't get watered down.
20:42It turns out that taking a shower too often isn't good for your hair.
20:47Experts say you should wash your hair two to three times a week,
20:50because overwashing can result in extra oil in your hair.
20:55Do you know there's a correct way to fit salami on a toast properly?
20:59Yeah, there's a geometry problem.
21:01Toast bread is square, but salami is mostly round.
21:05You can, of course, do it in a traditional way, by putting two slices next to each other.
21:10But then the edges of your sandwich won't have any filling.
21:13All you need to do is to cut the slices in half.
21:17Next, you line the straight pieces with the sides of the toast.
21:20You get four slices covering the entire piece of bread.
21:25Most people peel bananas starting from the top.
21:27But this way, you squeeze the fruit.
21:30The best way to peel a banana is to start from the bottom.
21:34Hey, take a closer look at monkeys.
21:36Apparently, they figured this out a long time ago.
21:39Do you want to have more space in the closet where you store your cleaning supplies?
21:43Then this one is for you.
21:45You can hang spray bottles on a clothing rod.
21:49It's convenient.
21:49You can find those rods online or in stores.
21:53This way, you'll keep your cleaning sprays organized.
21:56Also, this method leaves more cupboard space for other cleaning supplies.
22:01There's a right way to hold a burger.
22:03Grab it with both hands.
22:05Now, place your little fingers at the bottom next to your thumb for extra support.
22:10You want to cross out miswritten words?
22:12You can draw a line on top of them.
22:15But in most cases, you can still read the words.
22:17Instead of scribbling some lines, just write a bunch of random letters on the top of the word you want
22:23to cross out.
22:24Problem solved.
22:26What is the best way to cut crusty bread?
22:29By turning the loaf upside down.
22:32The underside of the bread is usually softer than the top.
22:35But try not to squeeze the bread too much.
22:38The traditional way to drain pasta is to place the colander in the sink.
22:43After that, you drain the water and put your pasta back in the pan.
22:47But this method isn't the most effective.
22:49Sometimes, pasta gets into the holes of the colander.
22:53The second option is less difficult.
22:55Place the colander into the pot and, while holding them together, drain the water.
23:00This way, you don't have to move your pasta from the pot.
23:04This trick works best if your colander fits your pot.
23:08If you don't want to buy several colanders, you can still use this method.
23:12But you should be more careful during the draining process.
23:15Now, does your freezer ever spoil food?
23:18You put ready meals and groceries in the freezer.
23:21Two weeks later, you'll open it only to find your food freezer burnt.
23:25There are two reasons for this.
23:27First, you stock your freezer with too much stuff.
23:31Overloading can block the vent.
23:33Then the air inside the freezer won't circulate properly.
23:36The second reason might be the wrong temperature.
23:39The recommended freezer temperature is 0 degrees Fahrenheit or a bit lower.
23:45Now, what's the best way to hold a steering wheel?
23:48Most people clutch it at 12 o'clock, 2 o'clock, and 10 o'clock.
23:52This is not very safe, even if you have three arms.
23:54For those of us with just two arms, the proper way to grab the wheel is to put one hand
24:00at 3 o'clock and the other at 9 o'clock.
24:03It means placing your hands where the joints are, in case you need to give way to airbags.
24:08Holding the wheel differently prevents them from fully inflating.
24:12Toblerone is a fancy chocolate bar.
24:15But did you know there's a correct technique to break off pieces of this chocolate?
24:19Mm-hmm.
24:20Just push the triangle you want to separate toward the rest of the bar.
24:24Who would have thought?
24:26Pringles are another hard-to-eat but delicious thing.
24:29While trying to dig a piece out of the can, don't shove your whole hand in there.
24:34Instead, use a sheet of paper.
24:36Fold it lengthwise and slide it into the can.
24:39Then gently pull it out, together with Pringles.
24:42Now you have a tray of crispy goodness.
24:46The Queen's Guard all appear to have the same uniform, with a shared role of standing stoically for a long
24:52time.
24:53But if you look closely at their hats, there are five different types.
24:58The Grenadier has a white plume.
25:00The Coldstream has a red one.
25:02The Irish a blue plume.
25:04The Welsh, green and white.
25:06And the Scots Guard has none.
25:09Their different divisions perform similar ceremonial duties at Buckingham Palace.
25:14But they have other actual rules as well, suited to their specialization.
25:20When peeling your boiled eggs, you can see a hidden layer under the shell.
25:24These two membranes, an inner and outer one, are made from the same stuff as your hair.
25:29Keratin.
25:30It protects the inside from bacteria and stops liquids from escaping.
25:34You use X in your texts, which represents a kiss.
25:38It's been used this way for a very long time.
25:41Its original purpose dates back to the Middle Ages, where it was a representation of a person's faith, honesty, and
25:47sincerity.
25:49Those that would sign off with an X would kiss it after signing as a display of a sworn oath.
25:56The X's meaning later changed to represent the action of kissing.
26:00And the first document showing this was a letter dating back to 1763, written by a naturalist, Gilbert White, who
26:08sent it to his wife.
26:11William Shakespeare is a name familiar to everyone.
26:13However, we don't know whether this was the actual way his name was spelled, and neither did he.
26:20He signed 80 different variations of his name's spelling on all his works.
26:25Historians haven't a clue which the correct spelling is.
26:27The version that we know of was only used on two of his plays.
26:33Different forms of alarm clocks were invented as far back as 348 BCE, with many versions throughout the world, all
26:41with complicated mechanics.
26:44Unaffordable to mostly everyone, they didn't catch on.
26:48Alternate methods to wake up in the morning started to be used in the 1800s.
26:52One process involving knocker-uppers was common in some countries.
26:57A person visited your house every morning to knock on your door four times.
27:03Inventor Antoine Rédier felt that he should be woken only when he felt it necessary.
27:08So, in 1847, he invented the first adjustable alarm clock.
27:14Tennis balls in Wimbledon must be kept at a perfect temperature to ensure they bounce at a consistent level.
27:21They're stored at 68 degrees Fahrenheit, so they're cold enough that the molecules inside the ball shrink, ensuring they bounce
27:28lower.
27:29Then, they're continuously swapped throughout a match as they expand by being hit too much, becoming too bouncy.
27:37Wimbledon goes through 50,000 tennis balls each year.
27:42You enjoy the smell of a freshly mowed lawn, as you associate it with the weekends and summer.
27:47But that smell is a sign of stress made by the grass.
27:52Grass evolved to emit various elements when being eaten by bugs.
27:56This signal attracts predator insects to remove them.
27:59But unfortunately for the grass, there's nothing large enough to deter a lawnmower.
28:05There is no oxygen inside your packet of chips.
28:09If there was, it would influence the combination of molecules forming inside, spoiling the chips faster.
28:15The packets are instead filled with nitrogen, which pushes oxygen out.
28:20And this extends the shelf life and quality of your chips.
28:25You're traveling by plane overnight and just can't get to sleep.
28:29And the first night in a hotel wasn't great, regardless of how comfy the bed was.
28:34This is because of a human evolutionary trait called the first night effect.
28:40When you sleep in a different place than your home, the left side of the brain responds to more sounds
28:46while you're asleep.
28:47It continues to analyze your surroundings without you realizing, acting as though it's on a night watch and keeping you
28:53alert for any potential dangers.
28:56Most animals have this trait, although it's a lot more subtle in humans.
29:05Before playing basketball with hoops, you would have instead been playing with peach baskets.
29:11When the game was invented in 1891, a peach basket was used, with the bottom of it cut off.
29:17But it only took 15 years for players to grow tired of constantly collecting the jammed balls and to remove
29:22the basket altogether.
29:25When you click your fingers, the snapping sound isn't from the physical click of finger and thumb.
29:31The noise actually comes from the finger hitting the palm.
29:35The instant film for the first Polaroid cameras didn't have their own coating after taking a photo.
29:41To develop it, you applied it yourself.
29:44Waiting for it to dry took a long time, so shaking it sped up the process.
29:48Then, from the 1970s, the film provided everything required for the photo to develop, making the popular craze of shaking
29:55Polaroids pointless.
29:58Shaking the photo can cause the ink to wave or blur before drying properly, so you shouldn't actually shake it
30:04like a Polaroid picture.
30:05And just wait patiently instead.
30:09Bug spray doesn't repel all bugs, especially the worst of them all, mosquitoes.
30:14It does cover the scent of carbon dioxide, which is what attracts mosquitoes.
30:19But the spray only protects you for a short distance.
30:23Mosquitoes can also track carbon dioxide over long distances.
30:27They will continue to stalk you until they find a gap in your invisible bug shield.
30:32A great alternative is lavender, which contains linalool.
30:37This fragrance completely overloads the mosquito's senses, making it unable to track you.
30:42The half-belt on the back of some jackets appear like a fashion accessory.
30:48It was initially designed that way for larger jackets, as they could also be used as a blanket to wrap
30:53around oneself.
30:54The belt's position helps hold the material together, so it's easier to walk with whilst keeping you warm.
31:02Ketchup wasn't originally intended to be your favorite condiment.
31:05In 1834, a physician, John Cook, sold ketchup as a cure for indigestion.
31:12It was an immediate hit, and today, 10 billion ounces are purchased annually in the USA, although not as the
31:20intended medicine.
31:22Thomas Edison made over 1,000 inventions, and one in particular, the lightbulb, is most famously linked to him.
31:30However, he didn't actually invent it.
31:33Warren Delarue, a British chemist, had solved this scientific challenge 40 years earlier.
31:39There were also 20 other inventors who made alternate versions before Edison did.
31:44But earlier varieties relied on cotton thread and only lasted up to 14 hours.
31:50Edison, in 1880, used a carbonized bamboo thread instead, and his worked up to 1,200 hours.
31:57It became the most commercially viable lightbulb, and today's ones are similarly shaped to Edison's original.
32:05The first treadmill was used in England in 1818.
32:09It was a large wooden cylinder with a handrail, although it wasn't used to keep fit.
32:15Convicted criminals would be forced to use these for up to 10 hours per day as a punishment.
32:21The energy output potential was realized, and soon it was built to work with water pumps and grain grinders.
32:28It was so effective that it was used in all prisons throughout the country.
32:32But in 1902, it was decided that it was too harsh and stopped.
32:36And now, this cruel punishment is mainly found in gyms.
32:41During the 1940s, there was a shortage of cocoa, and it was important to find a solution to this problem.
32:47A production company found a way by mixing only a small amount of cocoa with hazelnuts and milk,
32:54and the original Nutella was created.
32:57It started out as a loaf spread, like a stick of butter.
33:00It then transformed into a creamier version inside a jar in 1951.
33:05But it wasn't until 1964 that it was given its famous name.
33:10Your passport might be a dark shade of either green, blue, or red.
33:15The darker color not only makes them appear more official,
33:18but is intended so that through its journeys, the dirt that's collected is more easily hidden.
33:25Wasabi was first used back in the 8th century.
33:29It wasn't meant as a spicy condiment as it's served with sushi today.
33:33Initially, it was used for its antimicrobial properties
33:36that help avoid the harmful reactions to fish with sushi that's a bit too old.
33:44You're heading to a supermarket to get a few small items.
33:48The self-service checkout is way faster than waiting for people to unload their huge shopping carts.
33:54But this loud voice from a machine, commanding over and over again, spoils all the appetite.
34:01I have some good news for you.
34:03You can turn it off.
34:05Take a closer look at the screen.
34:07You'll probably see a volume button at the bottom.
34:11Use your finger to mute the annoying polite voice once and for all.
34:16Not all machines have this hidden option though, but it's definitely worth checking out.
34:23Usually, a sunflower oil bottle has this weird inner cap.
34:27Most people remove the entire top layer and throw it away.
34:31But there's actually a better way to use it.
34:34Turn the removed element inside down and put it into the bottleneck.
34:39It will make a great dispenser.
34:42And you'll never spill more oil than you want it in your salad.
34:46Planning a picnic with your friends in the wild?
34:49Forget about the classic picnic basket.
34:52We got it all wrong.
34:53It's not a basket, but a bucket.
34:56Yep, it's way better to put your picnic stuff into several buckets.
35:01This will help evenly distribute the weight among all guests.
35:04And when you find a nice spot for your picnic and get all the stuff out,
35:09turn the buckets over and use them as stools.
35:12When the food is over, put the buckets into each other to save space on the way back home.
35:18Your toast is getting burnt, but you don't have any kitchen tongs at hand?
35:23Take two identical forks.
35:25Put them together time to time.
35:28Stick them tightly with a rubber band.
35:30And voila!
35:31Your tongs are ready.
35:33Ever wondered what this double bottom under the Nutella lid is for?
35:37There's only one way to find out.
35:39Here's a brand new Nutella jar.
35:42Let's remove the white carton circle and then peel off the foil.
35:46Surprise!
35:47There should be a little knife to cut the gold foil cover.
35:50Now you know how to get access to your favorite guilty pleasure without scratching your hands.
35:57Don't throw away the glass jar after you're done with Nutella.
36:01It can turn into a candle holder or a lantern.
36:04Wash it, paint it to your taste, add some decorations or lettering.
36:09Glue a decorative rope around the neck of the jar.
36:13Set a candle inside the jar or put string lights inside it.
36:17No one will ever guess that it used to be a Nutella jar.
36:21It'll be our secret.
36:24Have you ever wondered why Ritz crackers have ridges?
36:28You can use them as a safe knife for cheese and similar soft products like cucumber, ham and so on.
36:36Just roll the cracker as if it were a tiny pizza cutter and press.
36:41Now all the ingredients fit on your cracker perfectly.
36:44Enjoy your snack.
36:46Do you have one of those old baking trays that you never use but still hesitate to throw away?
36:53Good news!
36:54You can recycle it and make a gorgeous frame for a painting or a picture.
36:58There are two ways to do so.
37:01De-grease the surface of your tray and attach the image to the bottom.
37:05In this case, the frame will stick forward.
37:08Or you can flip the tray upside down and the edges will hide behind.
37:13Hang this construction on a wall or put it on a shelf.
37:17And feel free to use metal paint to give your frame an appropriate color.
37:23An old cutting board can make a great frame for a mirror.
37:27Use double-sided tape to attach a matching mirror to the surface of your board.
37:32Make sure the mirror is firmly glued.
37:35And now you can hang it on a wall using the board's handle.
37:39Or put it on a cabinet and lean it on a wall.
37:42Don't forget to wash and dry the cutting board before beginning this DIY.
37:47We don't want the mirror to smell fishy.
37:51Another superpower of a cutting board is keeping wires tangle-free.
37:55Wrap some string lights around an old wooden cutting board and put it in your closet.
38:00The next holiday season, you'll have it completely untangled.
38:06A hair dryer can make a great mini vacuum cleaner when you need an emergency cleaning.
38:11Cut a plastic bottle and dry it.
38:14Put a layer of fabric on the fan of your hair dryer.
38:18Then place the fan in the plastic bottle bottom portion.
38:22Fix the bottle and attach it to the hair dryer using a plaster.
38:26Turn it on and you're ready to clean the mess.
38:29You can use a retro gas stove grate to hang your indoor plants.
38:34Attach it to the wall with screws or nails.
38:37Now you're ready to hang flower pots, string lights, and any other decor items.
38:43If the color of your stove grate doesn't match the interior,
38:46you can always fix this using spray paint.
38:51Chopsticks and wooden ice cream sticks can also turn into a beautiful panel
38:55that will decorate your interior.
38:58Glue the edges together to create a grid.
39:01You can also put together your name or any other word you want out of sticks.
39:06Then wrap the grid around with string lights and enjoy your decor.
39:11Don't throw away wrinkled kitchen foil.
39:14It can help to sparkle up your day.
39:17Crumple identical foil balls and glue them over a glass, a mirror frame, or even a book,
39:22and your life will immediately become more glamorous.
39:27If you need to sharpen your dull scissors, take aluminum foil and crunch it up into a ball.
39:33Sharpen the edges of the scissors right on that ball of foil.
39:38To speed up your ironing routine, place sheets of tin foil under your ironing board and then put the cover
39:44back on.
39:45The tin foil will reflect the heat.
39:48The iron will get hotter and will do the job much faster.
39:52If you struggle to organize all your jewelry and lose your favorite items from time to time, use a sponge
39:59to store it.
40:00Just make a few cuts and put your shiny little friends inside these cuts.
40:05They will sit firmly in the sponge and won't fall out or mix.
40:10You can also use a sponge to create an organizer for your jewelry.
40:15Find a cute box, cut your sponge into matching pieces, and put them inside the box.
40:21Use glue or tape to attach the sponge to the box, and enjoy your new jewelry casket.
40:28You can easily make chocolate-filled strawberries at home.
40:32Take a plastic syringe, fill it with chocolate paste, remove the leaves from a strawberry,
40:38and stick the syringe into the hole from which the sprig usually sticks out.
40:43Squeeze chocolate into the berry, and it's ready.
40:46You can use the same technique when you bake eclairs, apples, or want to leave a chocolate note on a
40:53pancake
40:53to surprise your significant other in the morning.
40:57Wooden pants hangers with metal clips can be handy when it comes to hanging curtains or a backdrop for your
41:03photoshoot.
41:04If you need to hang curtains but don't have any special hooks, attach several plants hangers along the entire length
41:11of the curtains,
41:12and then hang this construction on a ledge.
41:16An old metal tea jar serves as a mini shelf for small things in your kitchen.
41:22Apply double-sided tape to the jar and stick it to the top corner of your cabinet.
41:28You'd need a drop of liquid, a state-of-the-art laser 3D printer, and a couple of hours of
41:33work to make the tiniest fidget spinner ever.
41:35Its width will be smaller than that of your hair strand.
41:38At least researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed to do just that.
41:44A double-stuffed Oreo cookie aren't double-stuffed, in fact.
41:48A math teacher weighed 10 regular Oreos, 10 double-stuffed Oreos, 10 mega-stuffed Oreos.
41:54Turns out, double-stuffed Oreos are only 1.86 stuffed Oreos.
42:00Chipotle peppers aren't some special type of pepper.
42:03They're good old jalapenos.
42:05Dried and smoked jalapeno is chipotle.
42:09In its gaseous form, oxygen is colorless and doesn't have any odor.
42:13But when it's liquid or solid, this substance looks pale blue.
42:18After being caught by a black hole, a star gets ripped apart by its enormous gravitational forces.
42:25Some parts of the star's remains hurtle into the black hole.
42:29The rest, in the form of a huge jet of plasma, is ejected with such force that it travels hundreds
42:35of light-years away.
42:37Not so long ago, scientists decided the dino's family tree had to be redrawn for the first time in 130
42:44years.
42:46Apparently, two species of dinosaurs had to be grouped together from the very beginning.
42:51Those were the lizard-hipped meat-eaters like T. rex and bird-hipped vegetarians such as the Stegosaurus.
42:59A camel can drink up to 30 gallons of water in a bit more than 10 minutes.
43:04This water is stored in the animal's bloodstream.
43:07As for its fatty hump, it provides the camel with nourishment when there's little food around.
43:12Some sea animals, like salmon or turtles, use our planet's magnetic field to find their way home.
43:19Your lungs not only help you breathe, but they also produce blood cells.
43:24These cells are responsible for the clotting which stops bleeding.
43:28The lungs make more than 10 million of these tiny cells per hour.
43:34Only two letters never appear on the periodic table.
43:37Those are J and Q.
43:41Spin a ball when you drop it and it'll fly through the air while falling.
43:45This phenomenon is known as the Magnus effect.
43:49You can see it at work in different sports, for example, tennis or baseball.
43:56Anitidae phobia is the fear that at any point, somewhere in the world, a duck or a goose may be
44:03watching you.
44:04The person isn't necessarily afraid that the duck or goose will get close to them or even touch them.
44:09They just don't like the feeling of being watched.
44:13It was first described in a comic strip to show you how anyone can be afraid of anything.
44:19Anything can be a phobia.
44:21A duck just watching my every move would certainly give me the heebie-jeebies.
44:25I might just quack up.
44:28Your favorite fruit candies may be shining because they're covered with Caranuba wax.
44:34Many fruits, especially apples, have a thin layer of this wax too.
44:39Not only can it make the candies and fruit appear glossy, but it also makes your car shine.
44:46Peaches and nectarines seem different, but in fact, they're pretty much the same fruit.
44:52If the fluffiness gene is dominant, we get peaches.
44:55If not, we get smooth nectarines.
44:59Crows are pretty good at recognizing people's faces and have been found to remember people for a long time.
45:07This could be a good or a bad thing, depending on how nice you are to them.
45:10You don't want to come across a crow that's holding a grudge against you.
45:14You probably can't tell which crow is which very easily.
45:17So it might be better to play it safe and just give them a little wave.
45:23In the city of Yoro in Central America, they have an annual event known as the Rain of Fish.
45:30Not that the locals get a choice for it anyways.
45:33Every year in May or June, a torrential rainstorm rolls through the town,
45:38leaving a mass of fish flopping around in the streets.
45:42The phenomenon is believed to be caused by water spouts or water tornadoes,
45:46which drop the fish far from their home.
45:49Seafood delivery for free?
45:50Yes, please.
45:53A single strand of spaghetti onto your fork has a name.
45:57It's called a spaghetto.
45:59In the Italian language, an I at the end of a word means that it's plural,
46:03while an O is singular.
46:05This goes for all types, like gnocco instead of gnocchi,
46:10fettuccino instead of fettuccini,
46:13and raviolo for a single parcel of goodness.
46:17Water can freeze and boil at the same time.
46:21This is called the triple point.
46:23That's when a substance can be solid, liquid, and gaseous at the same time.
46:28But there's only one pressure temperature that can make it possible.
46:34We're used to ranch dressing being white,
46:36but in reality, producers usually add titanium dioxide to make it as white as your sunscreen.
46:42Oh, sunscreen producers add some titanium dioxide to their products too.
46:47Same with Caesar and blue cheese dressings.
46:51Our moon used to have an atmosphere.
46:54Several volcanic eruptions happened on Earth's natural satellite around 4 billion years ago.
47:00They released immense volumes of gas, trillions of tons.
47:04It was so much that the gas didn't have enough time to escape into space.
47:08That's how an atmosphere was formed.
47:11Cold water heats up faster than hot.
47:14The speed of this process depends on the temperature difference between the liquid and its surroundings.
47:19That's why cold water needs less time to absorb heat,
47:23but it doesn't mean it'll boil faster than hot water.
47:28Zealandia is a drowned continent in the Pacific Ocean.
47:31It's often described as a continental fragment or a microcontinent.
47:35Its area is almost 2 million square miles, about half as big as the U.S.
47:41It went underwater about 23 million years ago.
47:45New Zealand is Zealandia's largest part that remains above sea level.
47:50People are still evolving.
47:52Scientists have been tracking several millions of human anomalies.
47:56It turns out, some harmful genes are slowly but surely getting filtered out of human DNA.
48:04Stars look as if they're twinkling because of the turbulence in Earth's atmosphere.
48:08It makes the light from the stars move in a different direction before reaching our eyes,
48:13and this looks as if the light is shaking.
48:17It takes water 1,000 years to complete its continuous journey around the world.
48:22The whole process is known as the Global Ocean Conveyor Belt.
48:28Bismuth is a brittle, shiny white metal with a pink tinge.
48:32If you melt it and then let it cool really slowly, it'll form iridescent cubic crystals.
48:39Those Skittles and M&M candies are colored with beetles.
48:44Red food dye is made of carmine, which is made with cochineal beetles.
48:49Red lipsticks are made with these beetles too.
48:54The rocks, metals, and other minerals and things that make up the planet are packed into the ground more tightly
49:00in certain places than in others.
49:03This has surprising consequences.
49:05Gravity varies slightly depending on where you are.
49:09How high up you are also has an effect, so if you're at the top of Mount Everest, you'd also
49:14weigh slightly less.
49:16Don't look down.
49:18One scientist has a theory that a substance existed in ancient microbes before chlorophyll, that's the thing that makes plants
49:25green, evolved on Earth.
49:27This substance reflected sunlight as red and violet colors, which combined to make purple.
49:32If true, the young Earth may have been teeming with strange purple-colored critters before all the green stuff appeared.
49:41Apples taste better when they're sliced because they're exposed to oxygen.
49:44It activates the enzyme called polyphenol oxidase, responsible for ripening and visible browning.
49:51The same thing happens when you hit an apple.
49:54The oxygen enters the apple through tiny cracks and it starts to ripen.
49:59Are you into white chocolate?
50:00Well, it's actually not even close to real chocolate.
50:03It's basically a mixture of sugar, milk, vanilla, and cocoa butter.
50:08Cocoa butter isn't enough for chocolate.
50:10It should contain chocolate liquor or powder.
50:14The only product that never expires, even if you don't store it in the fridge, is honey.
50:19It has a low pH and lots of sugar.
50:22That's why organisms that cause spoiling can't live in honey.
50:26If two pieces of the same kind of metal touch in space, they bond and get stuck together.
50:32It doesn't happen on Earth because water and air keeps pieces apart.
50:37People are more honest when they're tired.
50:40That's why most confessions are made during late-night conversations.
50:45Firefighters usually extinguish flames with wet water.
50:49It's water mixed with special wetting agents.
50:51These are chemicals that help water soak into objects and spread everywhere more easily.
50:58The sun is an average-sized star, and still it could fit 1,300,000 Earths.
51:05The star is also 333,000 times as heavy as our planet.
51:11People have been able to spell their emails in Morse code since 2004.
51:16That's when a new symbol, at, was added to the code for the first time.
51:21The character is actually called a comet,
51:23and consists of the A and C signals with no break in between.
51:28We'll be right back to the first time.
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