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Discover the surprising technique that turns a simple football into a powerful acoustic amplifier. By modifying the valve hole, you can create a resonance chamber that enhances sound quality. We demonstrate using a non-functional football to outperform expensive Bluetooth speakers. This hidden method is sure to impress!
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00:00:00And there's the kickoff!
00:00:02Imagine watching your favorite team square up with its rivals.
00:00:06If you're in the stands cheering them on, then it'll be even better to see them run up and down
00:00:12a cool-looking patch of green grass.
00:00:15That's why most pitches have different grass patches for your entertainment.
00:00:20The only player on the pitch who's allowed to touch the ball is the goalkeeper, and you can easily identify
00:00:26them by the different colors of their jerseys.
00:00:28They were asked to wear different colors so that they can pick them out from the crowd.
00:00:33This tradition started more than 100 years ago, when jerseys looked slightly different and the pace of the game wasn't
00:00:39as fast as today.
00:00:41The only thing that remained constant is the size of the ball.
00:00:45For 120 years, the football shape and size have not been changed, seeing that this will affect the athlete's overall
00:00:53performance.
00:00:53If you're about to shoot the ball past the goalie, then you would know the exact force, pressure, and spot
00:01:00where to kick it.
00:01:02Athletes train for this ball specifically.
00:01:05Changing it would mean training athletes to figure out a new way of doing things.
00:01:10I mean, there won't be much change if the ball was only slightly bigger or smaller, but this is the
00:01:15sweet spot for the ideal football size.
00:01:18Oh, almost forgot, if you're a U.S. viewer, you of course know that when I say football, you think
00:01:24soccer.
00:01:27Now, ever wondered why they wore jersey numbers?
00:01:30Just like how the goalie can be identified from the crowd, a jersey number identifies a player on the pitch
00:01:36in the sea of other players.
00:01:38And each number represents something.
00:01:40When a player is signed to a club, they have to be registered to a jersey number.
00:01:45While the player can sometimes pick what they want, some jersey numbers are reserved for the specific position they're playing
00:01:52in.
00:01:53A striker cannot wear the number one jersey.
00:01:57That number is reserved for goalkeepers only.
00:02:00A striker is a player whose job is to score goals and has a great awareness inside the opposition's penalty
00:02:07box.
00:02:07They get the number nine jersey.
00:02:09In consecutive order, the numbers two to five is for defenders who can play in various positions.
00:02:17Numbers six, eight, and ten are midfielders who play in the middle of the pitch.
00:02:21In general, they control the game and are the middlemen between defense and attack.
00:02:27You would find them all over the pitch.
00:02:30Numbers seven and eleven are wingers.
00:02:33They are the support players for the strikers and also contribute to goals.
00:02:37They're usually fast and tricky with the ball.
00:02:41Traditionally, this is what the numbers mean, but nowadays, clubs don't usually stick to it.
00:02:46Some midfielders can have a number seven, and some defenders can wear a number six.
00:02:52These days, numbers seven and ten are deemed as the most popular jerseys for people to buy and put their
00:02:59names on the back.
00:02:59Now, some clubs have actually retired certain jersey numbers, which means after an incident with a player who wore the
00:03:06jersey, the club will decide not to let any future player wear the jersey number.
00:03:12Some football clubs also have a reputation for jinxed jersey numbers.
00:03:17This usually happens when a player wears a number nine jersey and has big shoes to fill, after the player
00:03:23who wore it previously scored plenty of goals.
00:03:28The new player might be a perfect striker, but there's something about wearing that new jersey number that makes them
00:03:34get the yips, or in other words, lose their focus.
00:03:38It might be easy for some players to lose focus, especially as they grow older.
00:03:44Now, a football player will start to come down from their peak in their mid-30s.
00:03:48It might not seem that old for other professions, but in sports, particularly in football, 35 years old is considered
00:03:56old and close to retirement.
00:03:58Well, expect if you're Kazuyoshi Miura, who plays for Yokohama FC, he's considered to be the oldest professional Japanese football
00:04:08player currently on the pitch.
00:04:09He's 53 years old and plays as a forward in attack.
00:04:14So, what?
00:04:15That makes him kind of a geezer in football terms.
00:04:19Football is for all ages and is one of the oldest sports known to us.
00:04:24Even though it's most famously associated with Brazil or England, there is evidence that dates back more than 2,000
00:04:31years ago.
00:04:32This evidence suggests China was home to the original footballers.
00:04:37But England took the sport, polished it, and made it into the powerhouse sport it is today.
00:04:43They created some rules, including forbidding touching the ball unless you were the goalkeeper, and domesticating it to limit the
00:04:50violence.
00:04:52Now, it's no surprise that the oldest football club in the world is in England.
00:04:57Sheffield FC was founded in October 1857 in a city in South Yorkshire.
00:05:03That means the club existed before the tragic accident of the Titanic and before the Eiffel Tower solidified itself as
00:05:10a landmark in Paris.
00:05:13It's no wonder football is the most popular sport in the world.
00:05:17The World Cup ranks in billions of views with the whole world tuning in.
00:05:21The road for any country to qualify is tedious and long.
00:05:26Every country in the world plays.
00:05:28That's right, your country is technically playing in the World Cup.
00:05:32But it all starts in the qualifying stages, which happens over years.
00:05:37Every country plays in the qualifying stages, except a few selected countries and territories.
00:05:43They don't get all the attention and are slowly eliminated until you have the strongest teams from each continent.
00:05:50Fun fact, Greenland cannot host any official football games because of the weather.
00:05:55It's just too cold for grass to grow, which is a requirement from FIFA.
00:06:01Qatar will be the first Middle Eastern nation to host the World Cup, and it'll be the first one to
00:06:07be played during the winter season.
00:06:09The simple reason is that summers in Qatar are just way too hot for attendants and athletes.
00:06:16A regular match is 90 minutes.
00:06:1845 played in each half with a 15-minute halftime break.
00:06:22During August, teams have a long water break around the 30-minute mark.
00:06:26Summers in Qatar can reach more than 120 degrees Fahrenheit, and humidity can make it even more unbearable.
00:06:34But the winters are tolerable.
00:06:36This will also be a unique World Cup, considering stadiums will have full air conditioning so that no one feels
00:06:43hot in any way.
00:06:46Terrains and climates can sometimes be to a country's advantage.
00:06:50Brazil and Argentina are, without a doubt, the strongest teams in South America.
00:06:55Of course, you have Chile and Uruguay, which have won some trophies in recent years, but it's always down to
00:07:02the two biggest rivals.
00:07:04However, every country shudders when they visit one of the highest elevated countries in the world, Bolivia.
00:07:12Brazil has lost some games there, even with a star-studded team worthy of crushing even the mightiest of teams.
00:07:19But with such high elevation, oxygen levels are lower, which makes it difficult for Brazilians or any other foreign team
00:07:27to play.
00:07:28Bolivians are used to it, and other teams just have to be really well-prepared for the game.
00:07:34Or carry their own oxygen.
00:07:36Oh, you can't do that?
00:07:37Okay, never mind.
00:07:40Brazil has had some of the best players in the world, and it's no surprise that the most expensive player
00:07:47in the world is Neymar.
00:07:48This Brazilian football wizard was acquired by PSG, or Paris Saint-Germain, from FC Barcelona in 2017 for an impressive
00:07:58$264 million.
00:07:59And no player has since then broken this record or has ever been so close to reaching this value.
00:08:07And guess what?
00:08:08They gave him the number 10 jersey.
00:08:12Brazilians are known for their flair with the ball and the impressive dribbling skills they bring to the pitch.
00:08:18And it's also no surprise that one of the fastest goals ever scored in a professional football match was a
00:08:25Brazilian.
00:08:27Ricardo Oliveira scored a goal in just 2.8 seconds back in 1998.
00:08:33If you were watching this game live, then chances are you'd miss it, considering that you're still adjusting yourself and
00:08:40probably missed the goal from blinking.
00:08:42I know one thing for sure.
00:08:43I'm going to keep an eye out for Brazil this World Cup.
00:08:48Why is the myth dogs are colorblind so widely accepted?
00:08:52They do see colors, even though they have a more limited spectrum than we do.
00:08:56They see blue, yellow, and violet pretty well.
00:08:59But it's hard for them to tell the difference between orange, red, and green.
00:09:03So, if you want to redecorate your dog's house, maybe you should stick to purple and blue shades.
00:09:10Animals, plants, and humans were all actually connected and have common traits because we've all evolved from the same micro
00:09:17-ancestor.
00:09:18This would be our planet's original ancestor, LUCA.
00:09:22This stands for the last universal common ancestor, which is a 3.8 billion year old organism.
00:09:29Closing the eyes can improve your memory.
00:09:32Let's say you want to listen to a story and see how much you can remember.
00:09:36Studies show that if you close your eyes and take a 15-minute rest, you'll remember it better.
00:09:41A good technique for when you're studying or trying to remember some boring information.
00:09:47The pink corner of your eye is actually the remnant of the third eyelid.
00:09:52We all have this mysterious membrane.
00:09:54The third eyelid is way more prominent in certain mammals and birds since it protects their eyes from dust.
00:10:00But for humans, this tissue doesn't have any particular meaning, so scientists believe we'll eventually lose it.
00:10:09When potatoes are exposed to too much light, they mostly turn green, whether they're in a factory, storage, or a
00:10:15field.
00:10:16This happens because they start to form chlorophyll, a pigment that gives plants green color.
00:10:21So when you see green potato chips, it means they were made from one of these potatoes that were exposed
00:10:27to light for a longer time.
00:10:29But just because some green potato chips made it into the bag doesn't mean you should eat them.
00:10:34As it turns out, the green areas on potatoes and on chips are not good for you.
00:10:39Nothing's going to happen if you eat one or two of these green potato chips.
00:10:43But if you eat too much of a green potato, you might experience some discomfort.
00:10:48Despite their name, some oranges are not orange.
00:10:52Some initially contain large amounts of chlorophyll, which makes this citrus green-colored in the first place.
00:10:58As it matures and ripens, the chlorophyll slowly disappears as the fruit is exposed to cool temperatures.
00:11:05That's when it gets its color.
00:11:07But this is also why, in warm areas across the world, oranges remain green.
00:11:13If you've ordered something small from Amazon, like a pen, a single book, or something else,
00:11:19you might have got it in a box that seemed way too big for your item.
00:11:23And it's not an accident, nor random.
00:11:26It's because of their complex shipping algorithm.
00:11:28It takes into account the size of other packages going to the same place,
00:11:32as well as the size of the shipping vehicle.
00:11:35The small item gets a box size that will fit the space inside the vehicle together with other packages.
00:11:40And keep boxes from sliding around.
00:11:45Physicist and inventor Percy Spencer discovered microwaves by accident.
00:11:50He was building a magnetron for some of his radar equipment.
00:11:53At one moment, he realized the chocolate bar he had been keeping in his pocket had begun to melt.
00:11:59He was curious about what was going to happen next.
00:12:02So, he directed microwaves at eggs, which exploded, and popcorn, which popped.
00:12:07This is how he discovered a great tool to heat food that uses less energy than a conventional oven.
00:12:15In its original version, the clay-like substance we call Play-Doh today was a wallpaper cleaner.
00:12:21It was invented and sold for the purpose of lifting soot off of wallpaper.
00:12:25At the time it first showed on the market, you could only get it in an off-white color.
00:12:30But later, they started selling it as a toy.
00:12:33The substance was produced in yellow, blue, and red.
00:12:36Today, you can get it in more than 50 colors.
00:12:41Bubble wrap had a somewhat different purpose at its beginning.
00:12:44It was supposed to be wallpaper.
00:12:46In the 1950s, when it first showed up, two engineers decided to glue two shower curtains together.
00:12:52That's how they trapped small bubbles of air between them.
00:12:55They were trying to create some sort of textured wallpaper, but it didn't take off.
00:13:00A couple years later, IBM had to ship some data processors and needed something to protect them.
00:13:06Which is when the phenomenon of bubble wrap came up.
00:13:09One study showed that one minute of popping bubble wrap is as calming as a 30-minute massage.
00:13:16Why don't electric fans cool the air?
00:13:18You could set a thermometer in front of it and choose a turbo mode.
00:13:22But the temperature won't go down.
00:13:25In fact, the temperature might even go up if you leave the thermometer next to the working parts thanks to
00:13:30the electric current.
00:13:31A fan won't cool the air, but it will cool you or any other object with water inside.
00:13:36An electric fan improves air circulation in a closed space.
00:13:41Plus, it speeds up evaporation, which makes liquids, including the sweat on your skin, a bit cooler.
00:13:48Have you noticed pen caps have tiny holes on the top?
00:13:52It seems random at first, but it's actually a lifesaver.
00:13:56If you can accidentally swallow this cap, the hole ensures you can continue breathing because the cap won't completely block
00:14:03the airway.
00:14:05If you take a closer look at the night sky, you'll see stars come in different shapes and sizes.
00:14:11White is the most prevalent color, true, but they sparkle in shades of red, blue, and yellow, too.
00:14:17But you won't see a green star.
00:14:19It's not that stars don't emit green light.
00:14:21It's just that our eyes don't see it like that.
00:14:24Stars vary in colors when they burn at different temperatures.
00:14:27The hottest stars appear blue, while the coolest stars seem to burn in red hues, but they all shine in
00:14:34multiple colors.
00:14:35They emit different light wavelengths that represent various parts of the color spectrum.
00:14:41We can't all perceive those wavelengths separately.
00:14:44We only see the dominant light wavelength, which means the dominant color.
00:14:48So, stars of medium heat emit green photons in most cases, but they just don't appear green.
00:14:54When we try to process something that generates red, green, blue, and yellow photons at once, our eyes see it
00:15:02as white.
00:15:03That's the same reason why mid-temperature stars such as our sun appear white to us.
00:15:10Why do we blink?
00:15:11To moisten and cleanse the eye.
00:15:13That's for sure.
00:15:14Every time you close your eyelids, the tear glands secrete a salty substance that sweeps over the surface of your
00:15:20eye.
00:15:21It then flushes away all those tiny dust particles and also lubricates the exposed parts of your eyeball.
00:15:27We usually blink every 4 to 6 seconds, unless the eyes are more irritated.
00:15:32Then, we blink more frequently to keep them moist and clean.
00:15:36But not just that.
00:15:38Blinking also helps our brain to reset.
00:15:40It has to process so many things all the time, so it's fair to give it a break from time
00:15:45to time.
00:15:45So, blinking rescues our brain around 15 to 20 times per minute.
00:15:50When we shut our eyes, we help our brain to power down and take a very short but still effective
00:15:56mental break.
00:15:57That's why we blink more when we're in the middle of a task that demands some serious mental activity.
00:16:04Why do we have nails?
00:16:06They're generally made of a specific type of protein you can find in fur, hair, claws, and hooves.
00:16:12It's called keratin, and unlike claws, nails are flat and wide, so they're more effective at shielding the tips of
00:16:19toes and fingers from potential injuries.
00:16:23Fingernails not only protect sensitive areas but also provide a rigid backing, so you can take and separate small objects
00:16:30more easily.
00:16:31How would you pick up a single jigsaw piece or peel a sticker from its backing without nails?
00:16:37It would be almost impossible without additional tools.
00:16:41Apes and monkeys use their feet for such delicate tasks, too.
00:16:45Primates have probably evolved nails because they needed help with simple tasks, such as grasping branches tightly and removing ticks.
00:16:53Raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, and cherries are not berries.
00:16:56To classify a berry, they have to have three layers.
00:17:00A protective outer one, a fleshy one in the middle, and finally, an inner part where you can find the
00:17:06seeds.
00:17:07Also, a plant must come from a flower with just one ovary and have two or more seeds.
00:17:13So, by this criteria, cranberries and blueberries are berries.
00:17:17Together with some more plants, you wouldn't expect to be in this category.
00:17:22Kiwis, bananas, watermelons, tomatoes, eggplants, and even peppers.
00:17:28You've probably heard, your ears and nose are those body parts that never stop growing.
00:17:33This happens because the effects of skin changes and gravity.
00:17:37Other parts of your body change in the same ways, but you can't see it as well as you can
00:17:41see what's happening with your nose and ears.
00:17:44You'd need a drop of liquid, a state-of-the-art laser 3D printer, and a couple of hours of
00:17:49work to make the tiniest fidget spinner ever.
00:17:52Its width will be smaller than that of your hair strand.
00:17:55At least researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed to do just that.
00:18:00A double-stuffed Oreo cookie aren't double-stuffed, in fact.
00:18:04A math teacher weighed 10 regular Oreos, 10 double-stuffed Oreos, 10 mega-stuffed Oreos.
00:18:11Turns out, double-stuffed Oreos are only 1.86 stuffed Oreos.
00:18:17Chipotle peppers aren't some special type of pepper.
00:18:20They're good old jalapenos.
00:18:22Dried and smoked jalapeno is chipotle.
00:18:25In its gaseous form, oxygen is colorless and doesn't have any odor.
00:18:30But when it's liquid or solid, this substance looks pale blue.
00:18:35After being caught by a black hole, a star gets ripped apart by its enormous gravitational forces.
00:18:41Some parts of the star's remains hurtle into the black hole.
00:18:45The rest, in the form of a huge jet of plasma, is ejected with such force that it travels hundreds
00:18:51of light-years away.
00:18:54Not so long ago, scientists decided the dino's family tree had to be redrawn for the first time in 130
00:19:01years.
00:19:02Apparently, two species of dinosaurs had to be grouped together from the very beginning.
00:19:07Those were the lizard-hipped meat-eaters like T-Rex and bird-hipped vegetarians such as the Stegosaurus.
00:19:15A camel can drink up to 30 gallons of water in a bit more than 10 minutes.
00:19:20This water is stored in the animal's bloodstream.
00:19:23As for its fatty hump, it provides the camel with nourishment when there's little food around.
00:19:28Some sea animals, like salmon or turtles, use our planet's magnetic field to find their way home.
00:19:36Your lungs not only help you breathe, but they also produce blood cells.
00:19:40These cells are responsible for the clotting which stops bleeding.
00:19:45The lungs make more than 10 million of these tiny cells per hour.
00:19:50Only two letters never appear on the periodic table.
00:19:54Those are J and Q.
00:19:57Spin a ball when you drop it and it'll fly through the air while falling.
00:20:02This phenomenon is known as the Magnus effect.
00:20:05You can see it at work in different sports, for example, tennis or baseball.
00:20:12Anitidae phobia is the fear that at any point, somewhere in the world, a duck or a goose may be
00:20:19watching you.
00:20:20The person isn't necessarily afraid that the duck or goose will get close to them or even touch them.
00:20:26They just don't like the feeling of being watched.
00:20:30It was first described in a comic strip to show you how anyone can be afraid of anything.
00:20:36Anything can be a phobia.
00:20:38A duck just watching my every move would certainly give me the heebie-jeebies.
00:20:42I might just quack up.
00:20:45Your favorite fruit candies may be shining because they're covered with Caranuba wax.
00:20:51Many fruits, especially apples, have a thin layer of this wax too.
00:20:55Not only can it make the candies and fruit appear glossy, but it also makes your car shine.
00:21:03Peaches and nectarines seem different, but in fact, they're pretty much the same fruit.
00:21:08If the fluffiness gene is dominant, we get peaches.
00:21:11If not, we get smooth nectarines.
00:21:16Crows are pretty good at recognizing people's faces and have been found to remember people for a long time.
00:21:23This could be a good or a bad thing, depending on how nice you are to them.
00:21:27You don't want to come across a crow that's holding a grudge against you.
00:21:31You probably can't tell which crow is which very easily,
00:21:34so it might be better to play it safe and just give them a little wave.
00:21:40In the city of Yoro in Central America, they have an annual event known as the Rain of Fish.
00:21:47Not that the locals get a choice for it anyways.
00:21:50Every year in May or June, a torrential rainstorm rolls through the town,
00:21:54leaving a mass of fish flopping around in the streets.
00:21:58The phenomenon is believed to be caused by water spouts or water tornadoes,
00:22:03which drop the fish far from their home.
00:22:05Seafood delivery for free?
00:22:07Yes, please.
00:22:09A single strand of spaghetti onto your fork has a name.
00:22:13It's called a spaghetto.
00:22:15In the Italian language, an I at the end of a word means that it's plural,
00:22:20while an O is singular.
00:22:22This goes for all types, like gnocco instead of gnocchi,
00:22:27fettuccino instead of fettuccine,
00:22:29and raviolo for a single parcel of goodness.
00:22:34Water can freeze and boil at the same time.
00:22:37This is called the triple point.
00:22:39That's when a substance can be solid, liquid, and gaseous at the same time.
00:22:44But there's only one pressure temperature that can make it possible.
00:22:50We're used to ranch dressing being white,
00:22:52but in reality, producers usually add titanium dioxide to make it as white as your sunscreen.
00:22:59Oh, sunscreen producers add some titanium dioxide to their products too.
00:23:04Same with Caesar and blue cheese dressings.
00:23:08Our moon used to have an atmosphere.
00:23:11Several volcanic eruptions happened on Earth's natural satellite around 4 billion years ago.
00:23:16They released immense volumes of gas, trillions of tons.
00:23:20It was so much that the gas didn't have enough time to escape into space.
00:23:24That's how an atmosphere was formed.
00:23:28Cold water heats up faster than hot.
00:23:31The speed of this process depends on the temperature difference between the liquid and its surroundings.
00:23:36That's why cold water needs less time to absorb heat,
00:23:39but it doesn't mean it'll boil faster than hot water.
00:23:44Zealandia is a drowned continent in the Pacific Ocean.
00:23:48It's often described as a continental fragment or a microcontinent.
00:23:52Its area is almost 2 million square miles, about half as big as the U.S.
00:23:58It went underwater about 23 million years ago.
00:24:01New Zealand is Zealandia's largest part that remains above sea level.
00:24:07People are still evolving.
00:24:09Scientists have been tracking several millions of human anomalies.
00:24:12It turns out some harmful genes are slowly but surely getting filtered out of human DNA.
00:24:21Stars look as if they're twinkling because of the turbulence in Earth's atmosphere.
00:24:25It makes the light from the stars move in a different direction before reaching our eyes.
00:24:30And this looks as if the light is shaking.
00:24:34It takes water 1,000 years to complete its continuous journey around the world.
00:24:39The whole process is known as the Global Ocean Conveyor Belt.
00:24:45Bismuth is a brittle, shiny white metal with a pink tinge.
00:24:49If you melt it and then let it cool really slowly, it'll form iridescent cubic crystals.
00:24:56Those Skittles and M&M candies are colored with beetles.
00:25:01Red food dye is made of carmine, which is made with cochineal beetles.
00:25:05Red lipsticks are made with these beetles too.
00:25:10The rocks, metals and other minerals and things that make up the planet are packed into the ground more tightly
00:25:17in certain places than in others.
00:25:19This has surprising consequences.
00:25:22Gravity varies slightly depending on where you are.
00:25:25How high up you are also has an effect, so if you're at the top of Mount Everest, you'd also
00:25:31weigh slightly less.
00:25:32Don't look down.
00:25:35One scientist has a theory that a substance existed in ancient microbes before chlorophyll, that's the thing that makes plants
00:25:42green, evolved on Earth.
00:25:43This substance reflected sunlight as red and violet colors, which combine to make purple.
00:25:49If true, the young Earth may have been teeming with strange, purple-colored critters before all the green stuff appeared.
00:25:58Apples taste better when they're sliced because they're exposed to oxygen.
00:26:01It activates the enzyme called polyphenol oxidase, responsible for ripening and visible browning.
00:26:08The same thing happens when you hit an apple.
00:26:10The oxygen enters the apple through tiny cracks and it starts to ripen.
00:26:15Are you into white chocolate?
00:26:17Well, it's actually not even close to real chocolate.
00:26:20It's basically a mixture of sugar, milk, vanilla, and cocoa butter.
00:26:24Cocoa butter isn't enough for chocolate.
00:26:27It should contain chocolate liquor or powder.
00:26:31The only product that never expires, even if you don't store it in the fridge, is honey.
00:26:36It has a low pH and lots of sugar.
00:26:38That's why organisms that cause spoiling can't live in honey.
00:26:43If two pieces of the same kind of metal touch in space, they bond and get stuck together.
00:26:48It doesn't happen on Earth because water and air keeps pieces apart.
00:26:54People are more honest when they're tired.
00:26:56That's why most confessions are made during late-night conversations.
00:27:02Firefighters usually extinguish flames with wet water.
00:27:05It's water mixed with special wetting agents.
00:27:08These are chemicals that help water soak into objects and spread everywhere more easily.
00:27:15The sun is an average-sized star, and still it could fit 1,300,000 Earths.
00:27:21The star is also 333,000 times as heavy as our planet.
00:27:28People have been able to spell their emails in Morse code since 2004.
00:27:32That's when a new symbol, at, was added to the code for the first time.
00:27:37The character is actually called a comet, and consists of the A and C signals with no break in between.
00:27:46Not even twins have tongue prints that are alike.
00:27:50The tongue is a movable and strong set of muscles that almost never gets tired.
00:27:55It contains anywhere from 5,000 to 10,000 taste buds.
00:27:59Those little white and pink bumps on your tongue aren't taste buds,
00:28:03but each of them does have a bunch of them inside its surface tissue.
00:28:08Evolution gave us taste buds so that we can stay alive.
00:28:11For instance, sour and bitter flavors can be a sign that you may be eating rotten food or poisonous plants.
00:28:18The back of the tongue is more sensitive when it comes to bitter flavors,
00:28:22which is why we can spit out bad food before we swallow it.
00:28:26Salty and sweet tastes tell us if foods are rich in nutrients.
00:28:30By the time they're 60, the majority of people lose half their taste buds.
00:28:35Yes, your tongue is pretty cool, and its prints can be used for biometric authentication, just like fingerprints.
00:28:41Each of us have a different and unique tongue print.
00:28:45So, if you don't want to reveal your secret identity, keep your tongue hidden.
00:28:49That would be funny.
00:28:51Why do we even have fingerprints?
00:28:53Scientists had a lot of different theories,
00:28:55but they now believe it's because having them allows skin to stretch more easily.
00:29:00That prevents blisters, protects the skin from damage, and may improve our sense of touch.
00:29:06Humans are not the only ones with unique fingerprints.
00:29:09Koalas have them too.
00:29:11Only around 7% of people are left-handed.
00:29:15Left-handed people mostly chew food on the left side of their mouth,
00:29:19while right-handed people do so on the right.
00:29:21We lose almost 9 pounds of skin cells every year.
00:29:25Don't worry, we replace them quickly.
00:29:28We produce more cells than there are people living in the United States, every 15 seconds.
00:29:33Our body is always regenerating,
00:29:36and we replace our skin hundreds of times during one lifetime.
00:29:39Yep, our body regenerates, except for our teeth.
00:29:44They're the only part of the body that can't heal itself.
00:29:47We have teeth that are similar to a shark's.
00:29:50Their teeth also have a thing called dentin inside of them, and theirs are just as strong as ours.
00:29:56Of course, theirs are sharper and bigger, but still.
00:30:00Teeth are part of the human skeleton, but they're not considered bones.
00:30:03You'll spend approximately 38 days of your life brushing your teeth.
00:30:09And guess what?
00:30:10It's possible to brush them too much.
00:30:12That can make them more sensitive, because it wears down the natural enamel.
00:30:17Your left and right lungs are not the same size.
00:30:20The right one is bigger, because the left shares its real estate with your heart.
00:30:26Hiccups are something almost all mammals go through from time to time, not just humans.
00:30:31The record was set by a man named Charles Osborne.
00:30:35He couldn't stop hiccuping for 68 years.
00:30:37Guess no one told him about the whole eating sugar trip.
00:30:40There's only one part of your body that doesn't get a regular delivery of blood.
00:30:45Your corneas.
00:30:46They get oxygen directly from the air.
00:30:49Our eyes can differentiate between 10 million different colors.
00:30:53The muscles that help our eyes focus on something make around 100,000 movements a day.
00:30:59If you wanted to make your leg muscles do the same amount of work,
00:31:02you'd need to take a long walk, at least 50 miles.
00:31:06We can't all see infrared light or ultraviolet radiation.
00:31:11Only 1% of us can do that.
00:31:13And if you can see one of those, it doesn't necessarily mean you can see the other.
00:31:18Research says blue-eyed people all over the world may be related,
00:31:22or at least share a very distant ancestor.
00:31:25Scientists looked at blue-eyed individuals from Turkey, India, Jordan, and Scandinavia.
00:31:31They all had the same eye color gene sequences.
00:31:34They believe this trait comes from one blue-eyed person whose genes mutated around 10,000 years ago.
00:31:41Before that, people's eyes were just all different shades of brown.
00:31:45People with blue eyes are generally a bit more sensitive to pain than individuals with other eye colors.
00:31:52We blink about 20 times in one minute, which means we do it more than 10 million times a year.
00:31:59That thing about being similar to sharks, well, that goes for our eyes, too.
00:32:03If part of your eye gets damaged, you can replace it with a shark's.
00:32:08We can't sneeze with our eyes open.
00:32:11Try it.
00:32:12It's really hard to override your built-in reflexes.
00:32:15Eyelashes have their own life, too.
00:32:18One single lash lives for about 150 days before falling out.
00:32:23We all get goosebumps when we hear Good News, our favorite song,
00:32:27or when it's ridiculously cold in the frozen food aisle.
00:32:30It's a reflex we got from our ancestors.
00:32:33It happens when you release adrenaline.
00:32:35It makes your hair stand on end and helps you look more imposing.
00:32:40Rawr!
00:32:41Scary, huh?
00:32:42The human brain has 100 billion neurons and a memory capacity that's equal to more than 4 terabytes, which is
00:32:49a lot.
00:32:50Your brain uses more than a quarter of all the oxygen your lungs take in.
00:32:55And it's mostly water.
00:32:56More than 75%.
00:32:58Stay hydrated, people.
00:33:00It's not true that humans use only 10% of their brain.
00:33:03We use much more than that, even when we're asleep.
00:33:07Most of our brain is constantly active.
00:33:09We just don't use all parts of it at the same time.
00:33:12Out of all the species out there, humans are the only ones who can blush.
00:33:17It comes from a rush of adrenaline.
00:33:20When you see your face turn red, know that your stomach is turning red, too.
00:33:24How weird is that?
00:33:25When you crack your knuckles, the sound you're hearing is tiny gas bubbles being released.
00:33:31There are pockets of gas trapped between your joints.
00:33:34So when you stretch them, they make a popping noise.
00:33:38Oh, so satisfying.
00:33:41We use 43 muscles when we frown, but only 17 when we smile.
00:33:46No scientists are still arguing over this one.
00:33:49Say cheese.
00:33:50An average person eats around 33 tons of food over a lifetime.
00:33:55That's six elephants worth.
00:33:58We breathe in approximately 2,900 gallons of air on a daily basis.
00:34:03But we can't swallow and breathe at the same time.
00:34:07Most people need about seven minutes to fall asleep.
00:34:10And we're just about the only living creatures that sleep on our backs.
00:34:13Randy Gardner decided to set the record for the longest period without sleep.
00:34:19The year was 1964, and he stayed awake for 11 days.
00:34:23That's 264 hours.
00:34:25Guess he had pretty noisy neighbors.
00:34:28Amongst all animals, humans are the only ones with chins.
00:34:32When you're thirsty, it means the water loss you're experiencing is equal to 1% of your total body weight.
00:34:39If it goes past 5%, you might even faint.
00:34:42During your lifespan, your body goes from having 300 bones to 206.
00:34:48Over half of all your bones are in your feet, your ankles, hands, and wrists.
00:34:53The biggest human bone is the thigh bone, and the smallest one is called the stirrup bone.
00:34:59It's inside your eardrum.
00:35:01Your nose can recognize a trillion different scents, and remember 50,000 of them.
00:35:06Also, women are better smellers than men, and our sense of smell is 10,000 times more sensitive than our
00:35:13sense of taste.
00:35:14Our lungs have a surface area that's almost equal to the area of an entire tennis court.
00:35:20So, what's up with that feeling you get when you're going over a crest on a roller coaster, and your
00:35:25stomach jumps up into your throat?
00:35:27Well, the seat belt keeps your body in place, but your stomach, intestines, and smaller internal organs get a little
00:35:34air time.
00:35:35It doesn't do you any harm, but your nerves can't figure out what's going on.
00:35:40They really think your stomach has jumped all the way into your throat.
00:35:44We're all taller in the morning, because throughout the day, the cartilage between our bones gets compressed.
00:35:50That makes us around one fingernail shorter by the end of each day.
00:35:55Nose and ears, parts of our body that never stop growing.
00:35:59It's mostly thanks to gravity.
00:36:01The veins and arteries inside your body are long enough to make two trips around the world.
00:36:06Blood makes up about 8% of your body weight.
00:36:10When you listen to music, your heartbeat syncs with the general vibe of the song.
00:36:14So, choose wisely.
00:36:16Your skin is the biggest organ you have.
00:36:18It counts for about 15% of your total weight.
00:36:22Get this, you can burn more calories during sleep than when watching TV.
00:36:27Hmm, then what about sleeping while the TV's still on?
00:36:32Okay, now don't get freaked out, but our brains can store only 7 bits in its short-term memory.
00:36:38My brain, even less.
00:36:40Now, don't even try to compare your brain with a phone capacity.
00:36:43Not even the one you had back in 2005.
00:36:46A mere bite is 8 bits.
00:36:48That's why you can't even learn a phone number by heart.
00:36:51Our short-term memory functions just like a chalkboard.
00:36:54You can get some info, but sooner or later, you run out of space.
00:36:57To check your working memory capacity, try this test.
00:37:01Ask a friend to write a list of 10 words and read it to you.
00:37:05Most people recall 7 or fewer items from the list.
00:37:09Cats can't taste sugar, as they don't need to because of their meat-based diet.
00:37:13They are some of the few animals on the planet that can't taste sweet things.
00:37:19Speaking of which, you might not believe it, but in this picture, you can see an entire million different colors.
00:37:25Which, when seen in full size, it has 1 million pixels, and each of them is a different color.
00:37:31Although you probably wouldn't be able to name each of them,
00:37:34your eye surely recognizes the differences when seen up close.
00:37:38Nah, go ahead and name each of them.
00:37:43Cockroaches are tough.
00:37:45They can survive harsh conditions and have been around ever since dinosaurs ruled our planet.
00:37:50But the termite queen beats all that with a lifespan of 50 years.
00:37:55That's the longest any insect can live.
00:37:57Regular termites live only 1-2 years.
00:38:00Some of the strongest muscles in your body aren't in your arms and legs.
00:38:04They're in your head.
00:38:06Masseter is the main muscle responsible for chewing.
00:38:09And it needs to be the strongest for you to eat normally.
00:38:13And you know those muscles that allow you to move your ears?
00:38:16Those are temporalis, located above your temples.
00:38:19They also help you chew your food.
00:38:22Moving away from humans, fleas can jump up to 130 times their body height.
00:38:26To put that in perspective, it's around the same as an average human being jumping over the Empire State Building.
00:38:33Dogs are capable of dreaming.
00:38:35And if you have a dog, it's likely dreaming of you.
00:38:38Research suggests that dogs, like humans, draw on their everyday experiences when they dream.
00:38:45There are watermelons the size of a grape.
00:38:48Cooka melons, or if you prefer mouse melons, actually look like really small watermelons.
00:38:54But at the same time, have a citrus flavor.
00:38:58Mantis shrimp is one of the most colorful creatures in the world.
00:39:01They look rainbow-colored to us, but to those of their own species, they look like a whole burst of
00:39:07colors.
00:39:07Their eyes can detect billions more shades than ours.
00:39:11In Tibet, there are black diamond apples that aren't green or red, but dark purple.
00:39:17The place where they grow has plenty of ultraviolet light over the day,
00:39:21while the temperatures drastically go down during the night, which makes the apple skin get a darker color.
00:39:28Now, when hippos get hot, they ooze a pinkish liquid through their skin.
00:39:32It soon covers their bodies and protects them from sunburns.
00:39:36Yep, hippos come with their own sunscreen.
00:39:40Chickens are the closest living descendants of the T. rex.
00:39:43Really?
00:39:44Scientists compared the 68-million-year-old T. rex DNA with that of 21 modern species,
00:39:50and found chickens to be the closest match.
00:39:54Sloths are able to hold their breath longer than dolphins.
00:39:57They slow their heart rates, and they can stay that way for almost 40 minutes.
00:40:02Dolphins have to come to the surface to catch some air every 10 minutes.
00:40:06The starfish doesn't have either brain or heart, and neither does it have lungs.
00:40:11Yet, it has hundreds of tiny feet, allowing it to walk,
00:40:15and it also pumps water through them through the star's body.
00:40:18The water acts like blood for the creature.
00:40:22Honeybees have two stomachs.
00:40:23One stomach is for eating, while the other is dedicated to storing the nectar they collect from flowers
00:40:28so that they can carry it back to their hive.
00:40:32Dolphins always sleep with one eye open and never fully asleep.
00:40:36This is because their breathing isn't automatic,
00:40:39as they need to keep visiting the surface of the water for air.
00:40:42If they slept, they'd just drown.
00:40:46Humans are the only animals whose brain goes smaller.
00:40:49Yup, as we get older, it tends to shrink.
00:40:52It can do so even because of isolation and loneliness.
00:40:56Other animals, even some of our distant cousins from another side of the family tree,
00:41:00like monkeys and chimpanzees, have no problem with that.
00:41:05You can taste garlic with your feet!
00:41:07Mamma mia!
00:41:08Rub a clove right in your feet, take your socks off beforehand, and wait for it.
00:41:13The chemical, responsible for its unique smell, can be absorbed through the skin,
00:41:17even though the clove was never in your mouth.
00:41:20Weird, huh?
00:41:23The alpine ibex is the absolute climbing champion of the animal world.
00:41:28Mother goats with their kids seem to be defying gravity
00:41:31by scaling flat vertical cliff walls where no other creature can walk.
00:41:35Male goats, on the other hand, prefer flatlands themselves.
00:41:40Our lifespan is programmed with our cells.
00:41:43They constantly renew and divide,
00:41:45but they have a sort of internal timer that stops at some point.
00:41:49Some cells also stop reproducing sooner than others.
00:41:52On average, cells cease dividing when we reach the age of 100.
00:41:57That means if we find a way to trick ourselves into turning off the timer,
00:42:01we could potentially live forever.
00:42:03Or as long as your money holds out.
00:42:07Reindeer's eyes change color depending on the season.
00:42:10In summer, when the days are longer and lighter, they're brown.
00:42:13But in winter, when it's darker and days are shorter, their eyes turn blue.
00:42:18The blue hue helps them to see in the dark
00:42:20and prevents pressure from building up within the eye.
00:42:23It's caused by the pupils being dilated for so long in the dark winter months.
00:42:28Roosters stop themselves from going deaf when they crow by tilting their heads back.
00:42:33This covers their ear canal and basically acts as a built-in ear plug.
00:42:38Their crows produce around as much sound as running a chainsaw.
00:42:42Oy!
00:42:43The Earth's surface is not evenly shaped, which means mass is uneven too.
00:42:48That way, gravity is not the same in all spots on Earth.
00:42:52There's a mysterious anomaly in the Hudson Bay of Canada.
00:42:55The gravity there is lower than in other regions surrounding this area.
00:43:00And scientists believe it's because of melted glaciers.
00:43:03During the last ice age, that region was covered in ice, which is now long gone and melted.
00:43:09But the planet hasn't completely recovered from the icy burden.
00:43:13Gravity over any area is proportional to its mass.
00:43:16The glacier left an imprint that pushed aside a part of the planet's mass,
00:43:20which is one of the reasons why the gravity is weaker in that area.
00:43:26The strongest earthquake we've ever had was in Chile, a magnitude 9.5.
00:43:31If an earthquake ever reached magnitude 12, it could split our planet in half.
00:43:36So let's not do that, please.
00:43:39When sharks need their morning joe, they go to a cafe, too.
00:43:44Back in 2002, researchers found an area in the Pacific Ocean called the White Shark Cafe,
00:43:50where great white sharks come during the winter.
00:43:52They simply hang out, tell jokes and laugh at stories about how many humans they've scared,
00:43:57and then go back to the coast to scare us a little bit more when the weather gets warmer.
00:44:03Octopuses have three hearts, two of which pump blood to the gills,
00:44:06and the third one rolls it to the other organs.
00:44:09Their blood is blue, by the way.
00:44:11And they also have as many as nine brains.
00:44:14One is central, and eight are, you guessed it, controlling their eight limbs.
00:44:19Perhaps this is where the expression, thinking on your feet, comes from.
00:44:24Orcas are some of the most intelligent creatures on the planet.
00:44:27They hear each other's calls over dozens of miles,
00:44:30and have unique calls for every single one of their pod.
00:44:34These calls are similar to human names in function.
00:44:37Well, that's all I have for now.
00:44:39Bye!
00:44:44Now, with selfies taking over the social media world,
00:44:48phone companies had to adapt to the way people hold their phones and use their cameras.
00:44:52Apparently, most users tilt their head slightly to the right when taking selfies.
00:44:57With the camera located in the left corner,
00:44:59it makes it easier to make sure the camera will be in line with the usual tilt of selfie takers.
00:45:04Ooh, genius!
00:45:06This allows for a more natural look,
00:45:09making the image look better to leave you feeling great.
00:45:12Cameras on the back of most phones are on the left side as well.
00:45:15Sorry, left-handers, this was designed for the more common right-hander.
00:45:20Mount Everest might be getting all the attention.
00:45:23But Mauna Kea in Hawaii is technically the tallest mountain in the world.
00:45:28Measuring over 33,000 feet from base to summit,
00:45:31the only thing holding Mauna Kea back from the title is that it's mostly underwater.
00:45:38Australia is wider than the Moon.
00:45:40The Moon has a diameter of over 2,100 miles,
00:45:43while Australia's diameter from coast to coast is almost 2,500 miles.
00:45:48While it may be wider,
00:45:50the Moon wins with the land area.
00:45:52Over 15 million square miles!
00:45:55Phew, that's huge!
00:45:56And all that cheese!
00:45:59Antididaphobia is the fear that, at any point,
00:46:02somewhere in the world,
00:46:03a duck or goose may be watching you.
00:46:07The person isn't necessarily afraid that the duck or goose
00:46:10will get too close to them or even touch them.
00:46:12They just don't like the feeling of being watched.
00:46:15It was first described in a comic strip
00:46:18to show how anyone can be afraid of anything.
00:46:21Anything can be a phobia.
00:46:23A duck just watching my every move
00:46:25would certainly give me the heebie-jeebies.
00:46:27I might just quack up.
00:46:29Crows are pretty good at recognizing people's faces
00:46:32and have even been found to remember people for a long time.
00:46:36This could be a good thing or a bad thing,
00:46:39depending on how nice you are to them.
00:46:40You don't want to come across a crow
00:46:42that's holding a grudge against you.
00:46:44You probably can't tell which crow is which very easily,
00:46:47so it might be better to play it safe
00:46:49and just give them all a little wave.
00:46:54In the city of Yoro, in Central America,
00:46:56they have an annual event known as the Rain of Fish.
00:47:00Not that the locals get a choice for it anyways.
00:47:03Every year in May or June,
00:47:05a torrential rainstorm rolls through town,
00:47:08leaving a mass of fish flopping around in the streets.
00:47:11The phenomenon is believed to be caused by water spouts
00:47:14or water tornadoes,
00:47:16which drop the fish far from home.
00:47:18See food delivery for free?
00:47:19Yes, please.
00:47:21A photon, the most basic part of life,
00:47:24takes thousands, maybe millions of years
00:47:26to travel from the sun's core to its surface.
00:47:28But it only takes 8 minutes and 20 seconds on average
00:47:32to get to your eye once it's at the surface.
00:47:34That means that the sunlight we see is very ancient,
00:47:38older than the human race itself.
00:47:41There are only four words in the English language
00:47:43which end in DOS.
00:47:45Tremendous, horrendous, stupendous, and hazardous.
00:47:49Sounds like the teacher's comment on my report card.
00:47:53A single strand of spaghetti onto your fork has a name.
00:47:56It's called a spaghetto.
00:47:59In the Italian language,
00:48:00an I at the end of the word means that it's plural,
00:48:03while an O is singular.
00:48:05This goes for all types,
00:48:07like gnocco instead of gnocchi,
00:48:10fettuccino instead of fettuccine,
00:48:11and raviolo for a single parcel of goodness.
00:48:17Accidentally eating one of those fruit stickers
00:48:19on apples, peaches, and pears
00:48:20shouldn't worry you at all.
00:48:22They can be eaten, but they aren't exactly edible.
00:48:25It'll just leave your body as everything else does.
00:48:29The glue used for them is regulated by the FDA,
00:48:32but it's still recommended that you wash the fruit
00:48:34and remove the sticker before chomping down on it.
00:48:39Dolphins not only have names for each other,
00:48:42but they'll call out for their friends specifically.
00:48:45Makes you wonder what names dolphins have for us
00:48:48when we get in the water.
00:48:50Hey, look Frank,
00:48:51those hairless monkeys are back in the water again.
00:48:55German chocolate cake is one of the most delicious cakes out there.
00:48:58It's my all-time favorite.
00:49:00But its name has nothing to do with the country at all.
00:49:04Named after an American baker called Samuel German,
00:49:07who made the Tasty Treat in 1852.
00:49:11The Eiffel Tower can be 6 inches taller during the summer
00:49:15because of thermal expansion.
00:49:17When the iron heats up during really hot days,
00:49:20the iron particles expand,
00:49:22taking up even more space.
00:49:24Two planets in our solar system
00:49:26rotate the opposite way as the others.
00:49:29Venus and Uranus have this backward rotation.
00:49:32Venus also has the longest day of any planet in our solar system,
00:49:36completing a rotation every 243 Earth days.
00:49:41A baby puffin has the adorable name of puffling.
00:49:45To feed its chick,
00:49:47the puffin parent will carry about 10 fish in its beak at a time.
00:49:52While you sleep,
00:49:54you can't smell anything.
00:49:56Even really, really bad or potent smells.
00:50:00Our taste and smell senses
00:50:02are cut down by 50 to 20% during flights.
00:50:05This is why airplane food
00:50:07always tastes like cardboard
00:50:08or too salty.
00:50:10Sounds like a pretty convenient excuse
00:50:12from the airlines to me.
00:50:14Look at any watch advertisements,
00:50:17and the time on display should be 10-10.
00:50:20This is because of the positive effect it has.
00:50:23It looks like a smile,
00:50:24and usually the brand name of the watch
00:50:26is directly below the 12.
00:50:29Stewardesses is the longest word
00:50:31that is typed with only the left side of the keyboard.
00:50:34The word itself isn't used much anymore.
00:50:36Most people say flight attendant instead.
00:50:39Those dum-dums who call out,
00:50:41hey, you,
00:50:41are normally invited to exit the aircraft mid-flight.
00:50:46The longest English word
00:50:47is a crazy 189,
00:50:50819 letters long.
00:50:52I won't spell it out here,
00:50:53but it's the full name
00:50:54for the large protein nicknamed Titan.
00:50:57To say this out loud
00:50:58would take over three hours.
00:51:00So grab a snack and settle back,
00:51:02because we're gonna be here for a while.
00:51:05Nah, I wouldn't do that to you.
00:51:08Eunoia at six letters long
00:51:10is the shortest word in the English language
00:51:12that contains all five main vowels.
00:51:15Eunoia means beautiful thinking
00:51:17or well-minded.
00:51:19It's rarely used these days in the medical field.
00:51:22And if you add two of them,
00:51:24you'd then have a para-eunoia.
00:51:26Nah, not really.
00:51:28Glass balls can bounce higher than rubber ones.
00:51:31When a rubber ball hits a surface,
00:51:33it deforms before returning to its original shape.
00:51:36And a lot of energy is lost in this process.
00:51:39A glass ball doesn't compress at all,
00:51:42keeping a lot of its energy for the bounce back up.
00:51:45Here's a flash.
00:51:47Kangaroos can't walk backward.
00:51:49Their long feet and heavy tail
00:51:51make walking impossible,
00:51:53forward or backward.
00:51:55They can move side to side
00:51:56with incredible agility.
00:51:58But jumping back is impossible
00:52:00because of that large, muscular tail.
00:52:02So, let's go to the hop.
00:52:06The loneliest creature on Earth
00:52:08is a whale that's been calling for a mate
00:52:10for a long time.
00:52:12Researchers identified the whale's
00:52:14abnormally high call decades ago
00:52:16and is believed to have never received a response.
00:52:20The unknown whale is called lonely
00:52:22because it communicates at a frequency
00:52:24not used by any other whale in the Pacific Ocean.
00:52:27How sad!
00:52:29Meanwhile, the lyrebird can mimic
00:52:32almost any sound it hears,
00:52:34including chainsaws.
00:52:36The Australian species
00:52:38not only copy other birds,
00:52:40but other animals too,
00:52:42like koalas and dogs.
00:52:45In captivity,
00:52:47they'll also copy artificial sounds,
00:52:49such as car alarms,
00:52:50trucks,
00:52:51and chainsaws.
00:52:55The northern hemisphere
00:52:56holds roughly 90%
00:52:58of the world's population.
00:52:59No wonder the streets
00:53:01are so crowded up here.
00:53:02The cougar goes by more names
00:53:05than any other animal.
00:53:06The cougar has been given
00:53:08over 80 names.
00:53:09The puma,
00:53:10mountain lion,
00:53:11panther,
00:53:11and catamount
00:53:12are all the same thing.
00:53:15Just don't confuse them
00:53:16with bobcats,
00:53:17lynxes,
00:53:17jaguars,
00:53:18or leopards.
00:53:18They don't appreciate that.
00:53:21Most people can't
00:53:22lick their own elbow.
00:53:24The length of your arm,
00:53:25combined with the flexibility
00:53:26of your joints,
00:53:27makes this impossible
00:53:29for many.
00:53:29Your elbow is just
00:53:31far enough down
00:53:32on your arm
00:53:33that you can't reach it.
00:53:34Go ahead,
00:53:35try it.
00:53:35I'll wait.
00:53:36Okay, time's up.
00:53:39Octopuses and squids
00:53:40have beaks like birds.
00:53:42The beak is made
00:53:43of the same material
00:53:44that our fingernails
00:53:45are made of,
00:53:46keratin.
00:53:47They can also fit through
00:53:48anything that their beak can,
00:53:50making them
00:53:50the ultimate escape artist.
00:53:52Not you, Houdini.
00:53:54There are over
00:53:5531 million seconds
00:53:57in a year.
00:53:59We've recently discovered
00:54:00this tiny chameleon
00:54:01in Madagascar.
00:54:03At less than an inch long,
00:54:05it's the size of a seed
00:54:06and could fit easily
00:54:07on the tip of your finger.
00:54:09It's nicknamed
00:54:10the nano-lizard
00:54:11and shows how many
00:54:12tiny creatures
00:54:13could be hiding out,
00:54:14undiscovered,
00:54:15away from the eyes
00:54:16of scientists
00:54:17and researchers.
00:54:1911 plus 2
00:54:20equals 13,
00:54:22of course.
00:54:22And 12 plus 1
00:54:24equals 13.
00:54:25The 13 letters
00:54:27that make up these phrases
00:54:28equal each other
00:54:29in more ways than one.
00:54:31They are actually
00:54:32anagrams of each other.
00:54:34Wow!
00:54:35Anagrams, homonyms,
00:54:36and antitaphobia.
00:54:38That's a mouthful,
00:54:39but not as sweet
00:54:40as my German chocolate cake.
00:54:42Hey, I'll take seconds.
00:54:46There are two sides
00:54:47to every story.
00:54:49Just like to a regular
00:54:50cotton pad,
00:54:51two different textures
00:54:52to be more precise.
00:54:54One is smooth,
00:54:55and you're supposed
00:54:56to use it for more
00:54:56sensitive areas of your face,
00:54:58for example,
00:54:59the eyes.
00:55:00The rougher side
00:55:01can help you remove makeup
00:55:03and clean your face
00:55:04in less sensitive areas,
00:55:05like the forehead.
00:55:08If you like having greenery
00:55:10in your home,
00:55:10you've probably noticed
00:55:12the flower pots
00:55:12have holes at the bottom.
00:55:14These holes are the reason
00:55:16your green friends
00:55:17live a happy life.
00:55:18They're extremely important
00:55:20for water drainage.
00:55:21Thanks to these holes,
00:55:23you'll avoid stagnant
00:55:24water buildup
00:55:25that can eventually
00:55:26ruin your plant.
00:55:27Also, thanks to those holes,
00:55:30roots can grow
00:55:31and expand beyond
00:55:32the limits of your pot.
00:55:34Have you noticed
00:55:35aviator sunglasses
00:55:37mostly have green lenses?
00:55:39It has something to do
00:55:41with their origin.
00:55:42First,
00:55:43they showed up
00:55:43in the 1930s.
00:55:45Before that,
00:55:46pilots had goggles
00:55:47to protect their eyes
00:55:48while they were in the air.
00:55:50High altitudes
00:55:51with glaring sun
00:55:52and sub-zero temperatures
00:55:54were a real test
00:55:55for their eyes.
00:55:57The goggles
00:55:58helped them
00:55:59with those issues,
00:55:59but there was another one.
00:56:01Since the temperature
00:56:02differences between
00:56:03the air outside
00:56:04and within the goggles
00:56:05were big,
00:56:06the lenses would fog up
00:56:08and obscure the pilot's view.
00:56:10So, the company
00:56:11Bausch & Lohm
00:56:12came up with
00:56:13teardrop lenses
00:56:14surrounded by
00:56:15a light metal frame.
00:56:17These lenses
00:56:18were dark green
00:56:19because this tint
00:56:20cuts out blue light,
00:56:21which is also a problem
00:56:23for pilots
00:56:23when they're flying
00:56:24above the cloud line.
00:56:26Plus,
00:56:27green lenses
00:56:28also reduce glare
00:56:29and improve contrast
00:56:30and sharpness.
00:56:33Holes in the side
00:56:34of your Converse sneakers
00:56:35are those really necessary?
00:56:38Well,
00:56:39they allow air
00:56:39to enter your shoe
00:56:40so your feet
00:56:41can stay cool.
00:56:42You can also use them
00:56:44to style up your shoes
00:56:45and tie them
00:56:46in different ways, too.
00:56:49There are two reasons
00:56:50plastic bottles
00:56:51have grooves.
00:56:52First,
00:56:53if you're drinking cold water
00:56:54and it's hot outside,
00:56:56you'll see there's a lot
00:56:57of condensation
00:56:58on your bottle.
00:56:59Or maybe,
00:57:00if you're playing some sport
00:57:01or working out,
00:57:02your hands are sweaty
00:57:04and if a bottle
00:57:04had a smooth surface,
00:57:06it would be more difficult
00:57:07to grip it.
00:57:07So the ridges are there
00:57:09to improve your hand grip.
00:57:11The second reason
00:57:12is that because of these ridges,
00:57:14manufacturers can use
00:57:15thinner plastic.
00:57:17That means they need
00:57:18less material
00:57:18in overall production.
00:57:21And that plastic
00:57:22is still firm enough
00:57:23for the bottle
00:57:24to maintain its shape.
00:57:27Wooden coat hangers
00:57:28are not just there
00:57:29to look nice.
00:57:30Since they're made
00:57:31of cedar wood,
00:57:32they bring a nice scent
00:57:33to your closet.
00:57:33Plus,
00:57:34they repel bugs.
00:57:36They're also quite firm
00:57:37so they come in handy
00:57:38for heavy clothes
00:57:39such as jackets.
00:57:41And it's hard
00:57:42to damage them.
00:57:43So,
00:57:43they'll serve you longer.
00:57:46You may have noticed
00:57:47there's a colored square
00:57:48at the bottom
00:57:49of your toothpaste.
00:57:51These blocks
00:57:52mostly come in blue,
00:57:53red,
00:57:54green,
00:57:54and black.
00:57:56They are some sort
00:57:57of eye marks.
00:57:58Since they help
00:57:59manufacturing machines
00:58:00at the assembly line
00:58:01recognize where
00:58:02and when to cut
00:58:03the toothpaste
00:58:04and seal the end
00:58:05of the tube.
00:58:07Some boots
00:58:08have loops
00:58:09at their top
00:58:09and back.
00:58:11Looks like a fashion
00:58:12statement, doesn't it?
00:58:13Or maybe it's something
00:58:14that manufacturers
00:58:15add for fun.
00:58:16But those loops
00:58:17actually have their purpose.
00:58:19With them,
00:58:19you can pull the shoe up
00:58:20when trying to wear it.
00:58:22Plus,
00:58:23you can easily hang them
00:58:24or use the loop
00:58:25for better support
00:58:26for the laces.
00:58:28Confession time.
00:58:29Remember those attachments
00:58:30your vacuum cleaner
00:58:31came with?
00:58:32Did you also put them
00:58:34somewhere aside
00:58:35and never use them again?
00:58:37They're actually
00:58:37pretty helpful
00:58:38when you're cleaning
00:58:39the house
00:58:39because you can use them
00:58:40for particular areas
00:58:41that are sometimes
00:58:42hard to reach
00:58:43with the regular attachment.
00:58:46We all know
00:58:47what the vegetable peeler
00:58:48is for,
00:58:48but besides peeling
00:58:49the skin of carrots
00:58:50or potatoes,
00:58:51you can use it
00:58:52for onions too.
00:58:53It may be faster
00:58:54than doing it
00:58:55with a knife.
00:58:56Plus,
00:58:56it will save you
00:58:57some onion tears.
00:58:59Some sweatshirts
00:59:00have something
00:59:01pretty specific
00:59:02in the neck area.
00:59:03A V-shaped stitch
00:59:05you can see
00:59:06in the middle
00:59:06of the collar.
00:59:07The ribbed insert,
00:59:09similar to the ribbing
00:59:10at the hem
00:59:10and the sleeves,
00:59:11would allow the owner
00:59:12to put the garment
00:59:13on more easily
00:59:14and it wouldn't
00:59:15even lose shape.
00:59:16The V-insert
00:59:17would stretch
00:59:18so a person
00:59:19wearing the sweatshirt
00:59:20could get their head
00:59:20through the neck.
00:59:21Its purpose
00:59:22was also
00:59:23to absorb sweat.
00:59:24In its early versions,
00:59:26sweatshirts
00:59:26had both the back
00:59:27and the front
00:59:28of the collars.
00:59:29Through time,
00:59:30they lost the back one
00:59:31and this V-insert
00:59:32became something
00:59:33decorative
00:59:33since manufacturers
00:59:34started to stitch
00:59:35a V at the collar
00:59:36without using
00:59:37the ribbed material
00:59:38they had added before.
00:59:41Brightly colored squares
00:59:42or circles
00:59:43you see on food packages
00:59:44aren't an indication
00:59:46of vitamins,
00:59:47minerals,
00:59:47or certain flavors
00:59:48that food contains.
00:59:49And nope,
00:59:50it's not some secret code
00:59:52consumers are supposed
00:59:52to crack.
00:59:54It's actually
00:59:55for printing engineers.
00:59:57They're called
00:59:57process control patches
00:59:59or printer's color blocks.
01:00:01During the process
01:00:02of printing the food packaging,
01:00:04manufacturers use
01:00:05those colored blocks
01:00:06to check if the printing ink
01:00:07is correct.
01:00:08They compare the color
01:00:10of blocks they print
01:00:11to make sure
01:00:11the brand they print for
01:00:12has a consistent
01:00:13and recognizable quality
01:00:15all over the world.
01:00:17The majority of printers
01:00:19only use four colors
01:00:20yellow,
01:00:21magenta,
01:00:22cyan,
01:00:23and black.
01:00:23Some printers
01:00:24have additional colors
01:00:25such as green,
01:00:26orange,
01:00:27and violet.
01:00:29That's why
01:00:30you sometimes see
01:00:31multiple circles
01:00:32on certain packages.
01:00:33They test
01:00:34each ink color.
01:00:36Margins in notebooks
01:00:38They're not there
01:00:39as some sort of a guide
01:00:40for taking notes
01:00:41and writing.
01:00:41Someone came up
01:00:42with a potential solution
01:00:43that was supposed
01:00:44to protect the written work
01:00:45from, well, rats.
01:00:47They used to be
01:00:48pretty common residents
01:00:49in people's homes.
01:00:50They are known
01:00:51for their diet
01:00:52including basically anything
01:00:53like paper, for example.
01:00:55So, people started
01:00:57adding wide margins
01:00:58as an appetizer
01:00:59that was supposed
01:01:00to keep rats full.
01:01:02This way,
01:01:03they wouldn't want
01:01:03to get to the main dish,
01:01:05the written pages.
01:01:07Suits have a buttonhole
01:01:08close to the top
01:01:09of the lapel.
01:01:11Manufacturers sew it shut
01:01:12so you can't open it
01:01:13without ruining your suit.
01:01:15And when you compare it
01:01:16to the other lapel,
01:01:17you see that one
01:01:18is completely smooth
01:01:19without any clues.
01:01:21You won't find
01:01:22such an unpartnered
01:01:23buttonhole
01:01:23on a suit jacket only.
01:01:25Camp shirts,
01:01:26pea coats,
01:01:27and some other clothing pieces
01:01:28have them too.
01:01:30And they have to do
01:01:31with the history
01:01:32of lapels.
01:01:33The earliest ones
01:01:34showed up at the beginning
01:01:35of the 19th century.
01:01:36Before this,
01:01:37men mostly wear fronks
01:01:39with high collars.
01:01:40They would button them
01:01:41all the way up to the top.
01:01:42During hot days,
01:01:44they would relax
01:01:44the button stance,
01:01:46turn down the collars,
01:01:47and leave the top button undone.
01:01:49It was a relief
01:01:49from the swelter.
01:01:50Plus,
01:01:51their folded overlaps
01:01:52would be symmetrical
01:01:53at the chest,
01:01:54and today,
01:01:55we recognize that
01:01:56as a lapel.
01:01:58People stopped using
01:01:59that buttonhole
01:02:00after they came up
01:02:01with a lapel,
01:02:02unless it was
01:02:02for some formal occasion.
01:02:04Like, for example,
01:02:05when you wanted
01:02:05to put a flower in there.
01:02:07That's why suit makers
01:02:08left it
01:02:08as a fashion feature.
01:02:11Tea bags.
01:02:12It's pretty easy
01:02:13to guess what they're for,
01:02:14but they come in handy
01:02:15if you have smelly feet
01:02:16after a long day
01:02:17in your shoes.
01:02:19Just pop tea bags
01:02:20unused, of course,
01:02:21in your shoes
01:02:22during the night.
01:02:23By the time you wake up,
01:02:24tea bags are going
01:02:25to effectively absorb
01:02:26all the unwanted odors.
01:02:29Binder clips
01:02:29can also have
01:02:30a helpful purpose
01:02:31besides their main one.
01:02:33You can clip your money
01:02:34to keep it together.
01:02:36Same is true
01:02:37for paper clips.
01:02:38If your favorite
01:02:39bracelet broke
01:02:40and you're looking
01:02:40for a way to hold it on,
01:02:42a paper clip might help.
01:02:44Just hook one
01:02:45through each end
01:02:46of the bracelet,
01:02:47twist it tightly,
01:02:48and your bracelet
01:02:48is good to go.
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