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Sacred with Gulnaz Khan Season 1 Episode 2
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00:00We're in Chingeti, Mauritania, the gateway to the Sahara in West Africa.
00:17The sand, it turns to dust in your hands, but don't be fooled.
00:21This is one of the most powerful forces on Earth.
00:24You can be standing on a sand dune here,
00:27and an entire city is frozen in time beneath your feet.
00:32This desert has swallowed entire cities,
00:35and now it's on Chingeti's doorstep.
00:38I'm Gulnaz Khan.
00:48I'm Gulnaz Khan.
01:00As a journalist, I'm reporting on how climate change is endangering humanity's most sacred sites and traditions,
01:07as well as how faith-based communities around the globe are tackling this humanitarian and existential crisis with innovative solutions.
01:18The Sahel is a vast, semi-arid region stretching over 3,000 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea.
01:39It's a vital buffer zone between the rapidly expanding Sahara and the fertile lands to the south,
01:46protecting one of the world's fastest-growing populations from the devastation of desertification.
01:52It's a challenge that has shaped human existence in the region for millennia.
01:57Today, in places like Chingeti, it's a struggle that's intensifying.
02:04The Sahel is a place known to be experienced in the spiritual.
02:07The Sahel is an illusion of wisdom,
02:21a place of spiritual.
02:22The Sahel is an illusion of wisdom,
02:25which is a place called Islam and Islam to the first century.
02:29with his books are not found from abroad and especially the Perrinage.
02:38The Perrinage is something that has made a lot of renown to Shingiti.
02:42Shingiti is the seventh place for Islam sunni.
02:49My name is Shingiti. I am a bibliothèque of the family since the 5th of 1998.
03:10Our village was founded in three historical steps.
03:15The first year in 1777, the second year in 1264.
03:23After that, we had to wait until the year 1917,
03:27when the French arrived to fund the third stage on the other side of the world.
03:38Shingiti is a city that has been known for a long time,
03:42for a long time as a place of transit trans-aerien.
03:49So, at Shingiti, we had the habit of having a lot of things,
03:53from Mali, Sénégal, Maroc and Algeria.
03:57But the most important thing that we introduced to Shingiti,
04:01is the knowledge of Shingiti,
04:02the knowledge of Shingiti,
04:03the knowledge that was acquired from different countries.
04:06We bought, we troqued,
04:08we even copied the books from other countries.
04:12In this context, the king of Morocco offers a royal horse
04:18for a poet who just came to his own hilo,
04:20but what did he do?
04:22He troqued this horse against a single one
04:24that he brought to his house.
04:26Shingiti is always remained a flame,
04:43bright in this part of the world.
04:45These old books, these books that we can find in Shingiti,
04:52are what has enabled the rayonement
04:56of this Arab culture and Muslim culture
04:58throughout this African-American,
04:59and even to Poitiers,
05:00and to Andorosia, by the way.
05:05Throughout the Middle Ages,
05:07the city was a stopover for pilgrims traveling overland to Mecca,
05:11Islam's holiest city.
05:14Over centuries of cultural exchange,
05:17its libraries became one of the most important repositories
05:20of Islamic knowledge in the world.
05:23These books, in the Quran,
05:27learn,
05:28impérativement learn.
05:30And learn not only one discipline,
05:34learn all the disciplines.
05:36The bee,
05:37when she collected,
05:40when she ate several flowers,
05:42several plants,
05:44she gave us
05:46the lights that light on the night
05:49and the milk that were all very mild.
05:56Here we have a very little book of prayer
05:59and it goes this time to the 18th century
06:02with a little bit, very beautiful,
06:04but it's a book of voyage.
06:06And here you will have a second book
06:09which is this time to be more old,
06:11it's the Great Mere Arabe.
06:12It's a book that is very known abroad
06:14but it goes this time to the 20th century.
06:16Here you will have a book of astronomy.
06:21These are the constellations
06:23that we can see here.
06:24Cancer, the balance.
06:25Muslims, Arab,
06:27before Galilée,
06:28before Copic,
06:29they already knew everything.
06:30For example,
06:31if the Earth is round,
06:32they turn around.
06:33We have these constellations.
06:34With these constellations,
06:35we are very patient
06:37because every constellation,
06:39every star in the sun
06:41will indicate a phenomenon.
06:43For example,
06:44we know that there are stars
06:46that have prevailed the pluie.
06:47And the pluie,
06:48for us,
06:49it's a great thing.
06:50With the pluie,
06:51we will irrigate our plants.
06:52With the pluie,
06:53we will prepare
06:54to plant the trees.
06:56So,
06:58it's from this year
07:00that we have lived
07:01without these ancient books
07:03and these ancient books
07:04and the ancient books
07:05are the same.
07:06The Shemitahori
07:07is forgotten.
07:08The Shemitahori
07:09is forgotten.
07:10The Shemitahori
07:11is forgotten.
07:12I am very proud
07:14of having this dream,
07:16of having this dream
07:17of my parents
07:18by preserving this
07:19and the family.
07:21But I am proud,
07:26and at the same time,
07:27I am another feeling
07:29of sadness.
07:30Is this dream
07:32will last too long?
07:34The Shemitahori
07:35for me,
07:36it's a little.
07:49Chingeri is considered
07:50a sacred site in Islam,
07:52but it's so much more
07:53than that.
07:54It's world heritage.
07:55It is the cultural heritage
07:57of humanity.
07:58This legacy,
08:00this treasure trove
08:01that's hundreds of years old,
08:03science, math.
08:05It's being lost
08:06by desertification,
08:07by rising temperatures,
08:09more extreme weather.
08:12The Sahel
08:13is uniquely vulnerable
08:14to climate change.
08:16It's heating up
08:17one and a half times faster
08:18than the global average
08:20and intensifying
08:22an already extreme environment.
08:33it's being lost.
08:36It's breathing up
08:38very early on the afternoon
08:39with the name of the museum.
08:40It's a very early
08:41message.
08:42It's very early
08:43that's a Satan
08:44that's a river
08:45that's a river
08:46that's a river
08:47that's only spot
08:48that's a river.
08:49It's being lost,
08:50it's being lost.
08:51with the call of the museum
09:07I'm Mohamed Elimin Oul Bahan
09:11I am originally from Shanghiti
09:13My ancestors built this city
09:16and since practically my very young age
09:2220 years old
09:24I was interested in protecting these manuscripts
09:29I'm interested in the manuscripts
09:36because it is a part of our history
09:39and our culture
09:41which should not disappear
09:46We are heading to one of the most popular libraries
09:49in Shanghiti
09:51We are heading to one of the most popular libraries
09:54in Shanghiti
09:56We are heading to one of the most popular libraries
09:59in Shanghiti, the Bibliothèque Habot
10:01In the past, there were a lot of inhabitants
10:06and many libraries in Shanghiti
10:08but unfortunately, for economic reasons
10:10people emigrated
10:12and so, the books are left with the inhabitants
10:18The most ancient manuscript
10:21in Shanghiti
10:22is located in the Bibliothèque Habot
10:23It dates from the IIe siècle of the Liger
10:25it is to the VIIIe siècle
10:27in Shanghiti
10:28There are some thousands
10:30in order of five to six thousand manuscripts
10:32One of the biggest threats
10:46for the manuscripts of Shanghiti
10:48are the termites
10:50who work to eat cellulose
10:52which is located in the paper
10:54Even the cover of the cloth
10:58has been removed
11:00Another threat
11:02is the dead
11:04Here, a Quran
11:06that dates from 200 years
11:08These pages become cassantes
11:11because of the dead
11:13So, we see the borders of the leaves also
11:16So, there are some improvements
11:21that have been taken
11:23to try
11:25that the livres
11:26get rid of less
11:27This box is a paper
11:30that has no cellulose
11:31so the termites
11:33do not attack them
11:34The metal bars
11:37have good benefits
11:39but also have inconvenience
11:41The good benefits
11:42are that they preserve
11:44the livres
11:45of the damage
11:46but the inconvenience
11:48is that they
11:49have more
11:50the manuscripts
11:51So, during the night
11:54we close the walls
11:56and during the day
11:58we open them
11:59because we put the water
12:00into the house
12:01which gives a little humidity
12:03And the main goal of these scans
12:21is to preserve more
12:24the books
12:25and not to manipulate them
12:26because each manipulation
12:29causes a deterioration
12:31of the inside
12:36To lose the manuscripts
12:37is like
12:38to lose a hand
12:39or a pier
12:40or an organ
12:41of our body
12:42in some way
12:43In some way
12:48I have hope
12:49that one day
12:50we can put
12:52in line
12:53the contents
12:54of our manuscripts
12:55so that everyone
12:57can take advantage
12:58of them
12:59We tell a legend
13:03at home
13:04that says
13:05that a old man
13:06had three manuscripts
13:08He gave one
13:10to one of his sons
13:11who was in Wadan
13:12another
13:13who was in Chingiti
13:14and the third
13:15was in Atar
13:16Atar
13:17Atar
13:18Atar
13:19Atar
13:20Atar
13:21Atar
13:22Atar
13:23Atar
13:25Atar
13:26Atar
13:27Atar
13:28Atar
13:29Atar
13:30Atar
13:31Atar
13:32Atar
13:33Atar
13:34Atar
13:35Atar
13:36Atar
13:37The original Chingiti
13:49is entirely
13:51buried
13:52beneath the sand
13:54so when
13:55sand started to creep
13:56on the original city
13:57they moved to Chingiti
13:58There's now another Chingiti
14:02because
14:03this Chingiti
14:04is once again
14:05being overtaken
14:06by the sands
14:07And what they're seeing, in the newly built version of the city, is the sands are creeping up there too.
14:15You know, the locals here, they say the sand always wins.
14:37And the Barkhans, they are the ones who are most threatening the city of Shanghiti.
14:49This is where my parents lived, for 30 years ago.
14:56When you were growing up, what was it like around here?
15:14When you were growing up, what was it like around here?
15:26Some rocks, some stone, but no sable.
15:31The city was not there, it was very, very far.
15:34Only this place, or those who are at the left, who are habitable.
15:39All the others are now, unfortunately, enterrées.
15:57We had the matelas, the divans they used, the tea material.
16:03All that was what my family had.
16:08We had a vieux kitchen.
16:10There were some cooking utensils.
16:12There was a vieille cuisinière who was at the age of my parents, normally.
16:16It was a lot of emotion when we came here.
16:20We remember my mother sitting here.
16:23My father sitting there.
16:26My mother left her home here.
16:28She was dead in this place.
16:31It was a very pleasant place.
16:34My parents had finished their lives.
16:41We are there.
16:45We are going to visit this place, which is completely out of service.
16:50So here, we can't open anymore.
16:54We need to raise a lot of sable.
16:58And this is difficult, because if we remove it today, tomorrow it will come back.
17:04But we have a door here, which is still accessible.
17:08This door, this door.
17:11This door, here, is stopped with a stone.
17:16It will also be sanded, but for the moment,
17:19if we look at it,
17:22you see, there's a lot of sable.
17:26Wow.
17:27How does it make you feel to see it now?
17:45We have a little bit of pain in the heart.
17:49Because before, there were a lot of trees,
17:52and acacia.
17:53Our sable trees came to eat without any problem.
17:56Now, we have only a few sable trees,
18:00which are not very eatable for the sable.
18:03It affects the landscape a little bit,
18:06but it does not have a very great utility,
18:08unfortunately, for life.
18:10More than 65% of Mauritania's population relies on agriculture and pastoralism.
18:22But worsening periods of drought threaten even the most resilient species,
18:28including vital tree populations.
18:35Fifty miles from Chingetti,
18:36one oasis lost nearly 20,000 trees in less than 50 years.
18:57So, your family has lived in Chingetti for generations.
19:00So, since you were young,
19:02how has climate change affected the city and your daily life here?
19:06How does it growl?
19:07How does it growl?
19:08How does it growl?
19:11Now, when I remember many times,
19:13when I was young,
19:14we had to come to our homes
19:15to live under the palms.
19:16I forget how he sounds,
19:17that the sounds of the palms' trombos
19:21on me back the night,
19:23when I woke up very early,
19:25there was a sound very angry
19:26that I could even not forget until now.
19:29But sadly, all this sounds stopped.
19:31The big palms were dead.
19:33I still remember now
19:35Everything was green.
19:37Even next to the famous mosque,
19:40I look at the horizon
19:42and I see that the horizon is green.
19:45Now it's all yellow.
19:47It's really sad to see this girl.
19:51Why do you think the conservation of the libraries
19:56needs to start with environmental conservation?
19:59The climate change influences its impact on the books
20:04because it's natural.
20:06When there's no water, no verdure,
20:08the houses fall.
20:10The environment is the head of everything.
20:13If we don't maintain this environment,
20:15if we don't maintain a certain degree of verdure,
20:17we won't put houses.
20:19And if we don't maintain houses,
20:21we won't put books.
20:23So this impact of desertification is very visible.
20:27We often think of the desert as an absence of life,
20:38but it's actually teeming with it.
20:41Hundreds of years of stories of human creativity
20:45and innovation are contained within Chingeti Sands.
20:49But its survival, its resilience,
20:52is directly tied to the health of the planet.
20:56Just beyond Chingeti's borders
20:58and across the massive expanse of the Sahara,
21:01nomads have lived and thrived in these harsh conditions
21:05for millennia,
21:06despite receiving less than four inches of rain per year.
21:10But today, they find themselves on the front lines
21:13of the climate crisis,
21:15where less rain means the difference
21:17between life and extreme hardship.
21:20As conditions become more challenging,
21:23many nomads have already migrated to cities
21:26to live sedentary lifestyles.
21:28And an age-old way of life is disappearing.
21:32It's true,
21:33I know,
21:34there are many in Chat with religious approaches
21:35that Goddess have brought themselves
21:36that that Goddess have Chief of Hakim
21:46and you know the One family?
21:47Which is an Effa,
21:48which I have seen before,
21:49which is very happened in the moment
21:50inas hi.
21:53This is the first place,
21:55right?
21:56we have the machines
21:58which means being colder
22:01I feel like I'm going to hide the trees and the trees and the trees.
22:10It's difficult to get rid of the trees and the trees.
22:15It's difficult to get rid of the trees.
22:18It's not a bad thing.
22:25Thank you for that.
22:28Alhamdulillah!
22:38My name is Sidi Wilham.
22:43My name is Sidi Wilham.
22:45My name is Sidi Wilham.
22:47I have my own name in the land of the village.
22:51I was with my own village.
22:54My name is Sidi Wilham.
22:57We are going to go to the village.
23:01We are going to go back to the village.
23:03We are going to go back to the village.
23:13We are going back to the village.
23:15We are going to get rid of them.
23:20This is the most beautiful life.
23:22the slaughter and the heart of the plants and the treatment of the plant.
23:26They give the healing from the animals.
23:29They don't have anything to buy.
23:32They will be picked up and they will be sick.
23:35They will tell us what they are.
23:37They will know the animals.
23:42God is from here.
23:44It's the middle of the area of Yassab.
23:47God is out of the van and the doors.
23:51From the end of the day.
23:57I don't know how much it is, but I don't know how much it is.
24:21Trees are vital to saving Chingeri.
24:35Their roots essentially halt desertification,
24:39and we've seen that even the smallest shrubs
24:41that you see around the desert here
24:43are helping slow the dunes from moving into the city.
24:48So it is absolutely vital that there is re-greening here.
24:56The thing that keeps people in Chingeri
24:58is their love of what the place represents.
25:02The libraries, the books, the knowledge,
25:05it is essentially the glue that holds the city together.
25:09So many cities like Chingeri in the desert
25:13have been abandoned.
25:15They're empty now.
25:18Because life has gotten so much more challenging
25:22with climate change,
25:24people are actually migrating
25:25out of these small villages and towns in the desert
25:29into the big cities.
25:30In 1960, Nuwakshat, the capital of Mauritania,
25:39was designed for a population of 15,000.
25:43Since then, desertification has driven more than a third
25:47of the country to the shores of the Atlantic Ocean.
25:50And today, it's home to 1.5 million people,
25:54straining the city's resources
25:56and creating dire humanitarian conditions.
25:59In the last century,
26:01the Sahara has expanded more than 10%,
26:04and it's now encroaching into the Sahel,
26:07the semi-arid belt that spans the continent of Africa.
26:11Here, climate extremes are driving conflict,
26:14famine, migration, and ecosystem collapse.
26:19But communities across the region are mobilizing
26:23and using traditional knowledge
26:25to slow the advance of the desert.
26:27In neighboring Senegal,
26:44the Mauritanian desert has already started
26:46to bleed across borders.
26:50But in rural areas like Kafrine,
26:53imams and priests are leading
26:55an interfaith green revolution.
26:58In recent years, FNR,
27:00or farmer-managed natural regeneration,
27:03has emerged as a scalable solution.
27:07In the local language,
27:08it's known as RNA or karkarol,
27:11which literally means to stop the desert.
27:17Anadaba NDI is a regreening project leader
27:20with World Vision.
27:21I am inspired by the Biblical writings
27:25that talk about the work of God.
27:26We are also in the book of the Jewish people,
27:28both the pastor and the pastor.
27:30We are also in the first week.
27:32For example, we are in the first week.
27:34We are in the first week we are in the first week.
27:36We are in the first week, we are in the first week.
27:38We are in the first week.
27:40My faith as a Catholic is inspired me.
27:44I am inspired by the biblical writings
27:47that are telling us that we should have to make the work of God.
27:50That every living being should act
27:53Agir pour sauvegarder justement cette planète, pour une meilleure cohabitation.
27:58Chacun a sa part à jouer.
28:00Au Sénégal, il faut aussi noter qu'il y a une harmonie religieuse entre chrétiens et musulmans.
28:06La cohabitation, elle est juste belle.
28:14Quand Dieu a créé l'homme, il ne l'a pas créé et le placé dans un désert ou dans un lieu où il ne pourra pas vivre.
28:22Il l'a placé dans un jardin.
28:23Et la première mission que Dieu a donné à l'homme, c'était de cultiver et de garder le jardin.
28:32De prendre soin de ce que Dieu a planté.
28:35Donc en parlant du RNA, on peut dire que c'est une mission que Dieu a donné à l'homme.
28:42Dieu est celui qui plante, l'homme est celui qui en prend soin.
28:47Je pense qu'à l'honneur, il peut semblerait d'un imam et d'un pastor à apprendre des techniques de farming.
28:54Mais quand ils parlent de la Scripture, de la conservation, de la Coran et de la Bible,
29:02de notre responsabilité comme humains de être stewards de l'environnement,
29:06it makes so much sense.
29:08And you wonder why it isn't happening everywhere.
29:10Dans l'adoption de la RNA, les guides religieux jouent un grand rôle.
29:28Parce que quand le chef religieux parle, il est écouté et les gens ne sont plus enclins à adopter le comportement.
29:37Comment nous travaillons avec les chefs religieux pour la promotion du reverdissement ?
29:42C'est à travers les formations. Il faut qu'on les forme d'abord.
29:45Cette régénération naturelle assistée contribue à la restauration des terres dégradées.
29:53Toutes ces espèces entretenues deviendront plus tard des arbustes, enfin des arbres,
29:58et constitueront une brise-vent pour lutter contre l'érosion éolienne et l'érosion hydrique à travers le système racinaire.
30:08Si chaque paysan se met à utiliser ou bien à pratiquer la RNA dans son champ,
30:12mais le terroir sera vert et nous allons ainsi lutter contre la désertification.
30:17D'ailleurs, Ablaïgnan, qui est un des paysans leaders, formateur du terroir,
30:21va nous faire la démonstration de comment on fait la RNA.
30:25Voilà, il commence par le désherbage.
30:33Et ensuite, il élimine les mauvaises tiges.
30:42Ces mauvaises tiges sont en compétition avec les meilleures tiges.
30:49Maintenant, il n'y a plus de gourmand, il n'y a plus de compétition.
30:52Il est en train de mettre le morceau rouge qui va servir d'alerte pour les passants.
30:59Un berger qui va passer va voir le rouge et il saura que ça, c'est à protéger.
31:04La RNA peut résoudre bel et bien les problèmes de la désertification au niveau du Sahel.
31:14C'est la solution.
31:17Plus de 100 000 hectares ont été reverdits à travers la RNA,
31:22dans les régions de Fatigue, Kaulak et Kafrine.
31:25Les effets de la RNA, il faut déjà, à partir de la troisième année,
31:39le temps que le système racinaire soit établi,
31:42le temps que les racines prennent forme.
31:44Généralement, les espaces ou bien les parcelles qui avaient deux à trois arbres
31:49peuvent se retrouver entre 50 et 100 pieds à l'hectare.
31:57Alors, avec les sols dégradés qui seront restaurés,
32:02on peut voir l'augmentation des rendements,
32:05qui peuvent doubler ou même tripler.
32:07Et ainsi, cela contribue justement à la sécurité alimentaire du ménage,
32:13mais aussi surtout à la diversification alimentaire du ménage.
32:20Partant aussi de ces productions,
32:23le paysan peut développer d'autres business au profit de sa famille,
32:28notamment pour les enfants.
32:30Il aura de quoi payer la squalette de ses enfants,
32:32il aura de quoi acheter à manger.
32:37La nature, elle est juste généreuse.
32:40Elle est complice.
32:42Elle a juste besoin de nous à ses côtés
32:43pour encore être beaucoup plus généreuse.
32:47Une communauté soudée peut faire des merveilles,
32:50surtout quand c'est pour le revendissement,
32:53parce que pour faire face au changement climatique,
32:55ce n'est pas la faire d'une personne,
32:56c'est la faire d'une communauté.
33:02FMNR seems like a simple solution to a complexe problem,
33:05but it works.
33:08Nature is incredibly resilient,
33:10and it has the ability to heal itself.
33:14Often, it's these simple techniques
33:16that yield the best results.
33:18C'est la voie de la force.
33:22I have to do a lot of work, and I have to do a lot of work, and I have to do a lot of work.
33:52Fatou started doing FMNR several years ago in her fields, and that took her crop yields
34:16from less than a dollar a day to more than $3.50, which is a staggering increase.
34:23She's also trained more than a dozen other women in MBANE in this technique, so she hasn't
34:29just uplifted her own household, she's uplifting the entire community.
34:46I'm not sure if I can't afford it, but I'm not sure if I can't afford it.
35:12My team is working hard on it.
35:17We are engaged in this work,
35:19A family, as much and more as I have done life in life.
35:24This work is done by myself,
35:27It gives me a lot of advice.
35:33The work that I have done was to use
35:36We got the golden явi,
35:39we got the golden yarn and the golden yarn.
35:42We got the yarn to get the beads.
35:46We got the beads and the yarn to take the yarn.
35:52The yarn can make it like that.
35:56Now, we got the yarn so that we can really make it.
36:00wow
36:04wow
36:08anne bbc or bambow my feet tamu donlo matinak
36:12dak jaman yoyo yabo yale jindok du marata wako
36:16navet binangul bobay ador amdara
36:20wow karkar a du mom dimbaling chillolo
36:24dak carl b dimbaling tibak or bimete dina kata
36:28Fatou is a force that could move mountains.
36:51She's an amazing woman who is empowering other women.
36:56She's really incredible.
36:58And she's very beloved.
37:06She's happy to hear about her.
37:09She's very fond of it.
37:11She's very fond of it.
37:14I'll look forward to it.
37:17I'll get to see with you.
37:21I would like to share my family in the comments.
37:26But I would like to share my family with my family,
37:29and I would like to share my family.
37:34And I would like to share my friends with them
37:38as they would like to join me in the army
37:40and I would like to share my family with them.
37:51Fatou is spreading this technique among her own community, and that's really how these
38:07types of solutions work.
38:08They spread by word of mouth, by imams and pastors in their mosques and churches.
38:15And it's actually much more effective than these big top-down solutions that come in
38:19from big NGOs that don't really understand the local context.
38:23And the amazing thing about FMNR is it is highly adaptable.
38:28So Fatou can do it on her farm in Senegal, and a farmer in Ethiopia can also do it on
38:34their land.
38:49So if you're aware of the the ones that you're comparing toיפati, the representatives
38:53of the living.
38:54And they also have that.
38:55So what's your plan?
38:56Because they're trying to find them together.
38:56So I think that's one of my best practices.
38:57It's one of my best practices.
38:58Because we have to do something in our world that's only going to be a good idea
39:00and you have to do something in the country.
39:01So there's a lot more complicated.
39:02And it's one of my best practices of learning.
39:04They're doing that.
39:05Or you just want to be a good idea.
39:07And I'm a good idea.
39:07It's very good.
39:08So I'm a good idea.
39:09Because of my mind.
39:11So we are doing that.
39:13So I really want to be a bad idea and good idea.
39:14I'm a good idea.
39:15Faith and religion are complicated things.
39:26I think it's undeniable.
39:28Tragic things have been done in the name of religion,
39:32and we can't ignore that.
39:34But it also has immense beauty and power when used for good.
39:40You know, a majority of the world's population
39:43belongs to one of the world's major religions.
39:46That's an immense community,
39:48and religions have played major roles in other social movements.
39:53And I think they have a place here.
39:55They absolutely have a place in fighting the climate crisis.
39:58FMNR is directly contributing to environmental justice across the Sahel.
40:17Remarkably, over the past two decades,
40:20it's spread from predominantly Muslim countries in West Africa
40:24to Christian communities in the East
40:26who are grappling with similar climate challenges.
40:29Ethiopian Orthodox Church forests,
40:43cultivated over centuries,
40:46are a time capsule of the country's last remaining native biodiversity.
40:51FMNR may be the key to preserving them
40:54and regreening the wider landscape.
40:56According to the teaching of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church,
41:04every church should have a forest
41:08because the church in the earth
41:11should resemble to the Garden of Eden.
41:14My name is Alamayi Owasee.
41:19I am a forest ecologist,
41:21and I have been doing research and conservation activities
41:25for the last 20 years.
41:30When I go to the forest,
41:33old forest of churches,
41:34it reminds me of my childhood,
41:37that my mother and father elders talked to me,
41:40this is where God lives.
41:42This is where you get the most blessing.
41:46And then I built upon it
41:49my ecological understanding,
41:52how these forests are really precious,
41:54how they are very much important.
41:56It's not only my professional here for me.
41:59It's a kind of emotion.
42:01It's a kind of spiritual commitment.
42:03The impact of the climate change
42:13is very much visible in Ethiopia,
42:17especially in the island.
42:20Before 100 years,
42:22almost 40% of the land mass
42:25used to be covered by high forest.
42:28But nowadays, we have left only 4%.
42:32So the island is now, you see,
42:38devoid of any green vegetation,
42:41but you see dots here and there,
42:43and you see a building in the middle,
42:46that is a church,
42:48but enveloped by the forest,
42:50which once used to be one part of continuous forest,
42:55now fragmented.
42:56Okay, let's see what we have here.
43:22I graduated from university in forestry,
43:26and my major junior task was, you know,
43:30creating forest development.
43:31So to do that,
43:33you need some kind of seed source.
43:35You know, where should I get a native tree seeds?
43:38Then I look around,
43:40I said, wait a minute,
43:41the seed we have,
43:43the leftover we have is around church.
43:46This must be very amazing,
43:47and we have to really look at them very seriously.
43:56These forests have been existed for centuries
43:59because of the patronage
44:00and the commitment of the Ethiopian church,
44:04monasteries and fathers.
44:06But because of the population growth
44:07and agricultural expansion,
44:10these forests are under threat.
44:11The Ethiopian Orthodox Church
44:16are the last opportunity
44:18for the Ethiopian biodiversity.
44:21This is a critical time,
44:24so we have to protect them.
44:37Protecting the church forests
44:38isn't just a sacred duty,
44:40but a humanitarian one.
44:4370% of the Ethiopian population
44:46depends on rain-fed agriculture.
44:49But periods of extreme drought and flooding
44:52are on the rise
44:53as the climate crisis worsens.
44:56Creating a more resilient agricultural system
44:59begins with reforestation,
45:02which can reduce soil erosion,
45:04improve water management,
45:05and attract pollinators.
45:06The easement of the Nicolas
45:08メ Temple
45:08eight-year-old
45:34We were warned that the Jews were able to get theardment.
45:40And this was from the UYERNAN side.
45:50So, if we were to live with them,
45:53we would have been able to see them further,
45:57and that they would have gotten up to the world.
45:59So, they just waited for us.
46:02I have to live the world and live the world.
46:18I am the one who is being a human.
46:22I could just say that when I was a woman,
46:27I would never stand in my head.
46:32Well, after all, the priests and the monks are the guardians who brought these forests
46:53to the present time.
46:55But, they didn't actually observe the ecological degradation.
47:03So what we do is we show some scientific data that these forests, although they look intact,
47:11but through time they are degrading.
47:15We are not going to be able to find out the same thing as the local authorities.
47:29We are not going to be able to find out the same thing as the local authorities.
47:34So, the most urgent thing is we have to make the so-called conservation wall.
47:55We call them conservation wall because we make out of rocks and stones collected from
48:00the area.
48:01They create a barrier for the livestock, as a result we have seen after a couple of years
48:09more regeneration, more seedling, more health to the forest, so it's really working.
48:16There is an opportunity that we can restore back the Ethiopian landscape.
48:21What Dr. Alamayu is doing now, and working with faith leaders to do, is to start expanding
48:34that initiative beyond just the churches.
48:42And part of that is using seeds that actually come from the churches, because they are the
48:47native indigenous species that are super resilient, and the types of trees that should be used
48:53in re-grading.
49:13And part of that is the most important thing that we have done.
49:26When I was in Islam, I would like to speak to them
49:31and I would like to speak to them.
49:33I would like to speak to them.
49:35Yes, I would like to speak to them.
49:41FMNR is really the most important thing
49:44in landscape restoration.
49:47The church forests, because they were part
49:50of one continuous forest, we have to connect
49:53these forests through biological corridors.
49:57But the imbitual land is always owned by farmers.
50:01So without involving them, without empowering them
50:05to be greening, we don't do anywhere.
50:08We don't achieve anywhere.
50:10So we have to create an agroforestry system.
50:16The relationship between Dr. Alamayu and ABBA
50:20is really emblematic of the strength that comes with
50:24bringing together science and faith.
50:27I think a lot of people often see those two things
50:29at odds with each other.
50:31But Dr. Alamayu said it himself that studying science
50:35only reinforced his faith.
50:39Nature is a common treasure.
50:42These forests, they are really home for biodiversity,
50:46very much important for the global climate change.
50:50So at the end of the day, we all need a green landscape.
50:57One nation cannot be green by itself.
51:00I believe there are wisdoms across Africa
51:04need to explore.
51:06We have a previous family quote that
51:17the knowledge is that the truth is not what it is,
51:20so that our knowledge is offered to the world.
51:23We are not poor.
51:25poor
51:31it is inevitable that every time that we feel a climate pressure that we
51:37search a place where it will be possible to live in some way
51:43obviously it is a factor that demonstrates that every time there are difficulties
51:47all day on the same month and don't let her in man sanatir and the sabatr
51:53sonipada bestseller levar chaque ilia chaque fois qu'il y a difficulté do
51:58la résilience la vie n'existe que s'il y a de l'espoir
52:06islam promises the garden of eden in heaven and i think these sacred spaces
52:18here on earth are the closest that humans feel to that
52:24you know people practice their faith in so many different ways
52:41there's so many different belief systems what i found is that we are much more
52:46similar than we are different safe talked about how when he was young
52:52when the wind would blow through the date palms he would hear them singing
52:56and that everything in creation sings if we know how to listen
53:01abba talked about how the leaves and the plants bow in prayer
53:09that all of creation bows in prayer and i think we are living through a time
53:17of great turmoil in this world when our differences are separating
53:22us polarizing whether you're looking out at the sand dunes or you're in the
53:29beautiful mountain forests of ethiopia we feel something and that's what makes
53:34us human it's the great great thing that connects us and i think if we
53:39focused more on that we would be doing a much better job at solving the climate crisis
53:45this program is available with pbs passport and on amazon prime video
54:10you
54:11you
54:12you
54:21you
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