00:00The devastating effects of the 1994 Rwandan genocide are still playing out in Africa's Great Lakes region,
00:07with particularly the Democratic Republic of Congo enduring decades of instability.
00:14What began as a regional crisis has become a complex war driven by ethnic tensions, power struggles and competition over
00:23the DRC's vast mineral resources.
00:26According to the United Nations, in 1994, extremist Hutu militias killed more than one million Tutsis and moderate Hutus.
00:37As the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front intervened to stop the killing, nearly two million Hutus fled into neighbouring Congo,
00:46including fighters who formed the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda or FDLR.
00:54Their presence threatened Congolese Tutsis, many of whom fled to Rwanda.
00:59The M23, a predominantly Tutsi rebel group based in the DRC, first appeared in 2012 and resurfaced in 2021, seizing
01:10territory in North Kivu.
01:13The M23 argues it is protecting Tutsi communities in the DRC displaced after the genocide and is widely believed to
01:23have Rwandan backing.
01:24By 2025, violence had displaced over 7.3 million people, with nearly one million fleeing abroad and 21 million needing
01:35aid.
01:35Renewed offensives in 2026 worsened conditions, while the M23's capture of cities like Goma and Bugavu undermined Congo's sovereignty
01:46and fueled repression under the guise of national security.
01:50Renewed offensives in 2026 worsened conditions, while the M23 is a former U-S-R-R-R-R-R-R
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