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Modern Conflicts Season 6 Episode 1
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Short filmTranscript
00:04given recent events that have developed in venezuela in which a u.s military helicopter
00:09raid snatched the country's president in the middle of the night and flew off with them without
00:13a single american fatality i thought that it would be beneficial to reflect on a different
00:18american military helicopter raid that also sought to apprehend a wanted man that went much
00:22much more disastrously than what just took place in venezuela the 1993 black hawk down incident
00:29that took place in mogadishu somalia in 1991 a coalition of rebel groups overthrew then somali
00:36dictator siad bar throwing the country into a devastating civil war in december of 1992 then
00:43u.s president george hw bush launched a u.s intervention into somalia sending some 25 000
00:49american troops at the tail end of his presidency their goal was to maintain order and chiefly
00:54protect u.n aid workers who were struggling to distribute food to the hungry population amidst
01:00warring militias bush was already on his way out having lost the latest election to clinton and so
01:06he saw bringing the u.s to somalia as one last act of apparent humanitarian goodwill but then months
01:13later well into the clinton presidency on the 3rd of october 1993 in the midst of the somali civil war
01:20u.s soldiers conducted a raid in the hopes of capturing lieutenants of the somali warlord general
01:25muhammad farai deed but what began as a straightforward supposedly hour-long mission
01:31would quickly spiral into something worse much longer and more costly the fallout would live on
01:38in infamy for the disaster that followed with two black hawk helicopters crashing after being struck
01:44by rpgs in a catastrophic incident that would become known as black hawk down in the 17-hour long
01:52brutal standoff that would ensue after the crashes more americans would be killed in a single battle
01:58than they had been in any other since the vietnam war up to that point after somalia's long-time
02:05ruler muhammad sihan bar was toppled in 1891 somalia began a rapid descent into becoming what is now
02:11considered to be a failed state after the war u.n troops have been deployed to somalia in the
02:16hopes of maintaining border in particular to address civilians food needs in response to the
02:21famine that had gripped the country after the fighting had ended in total some 300 000 people
02:27in somalia would ultimately starve to death in march of 1993 the various warring factions had signed a
02:34peace settlement however one of the signatories a militant political faction called the sna or the
02:40somali national alliance disregarded the settlement entirely somali society was highly stratified
02:46between members of its five different clans and their various sub-clans the sna then was largely
02:53composed of members of the abargadir clan a sub-clan of the hawia clan and headed by one of their
02:59own
02:59general muhammad farai deed the sna had formed an opposition to former president muhammad siad bar
03:06who had been in power for 22 years and whose dictatorial rule was marked by massive human rights abuses
03:13when siad bar's regime was overthrown in 1991 adid played a significant role as a leader of the rebel
03:20faction the united somali congress and adid himself came from an extensive military background
03:26he had trained first at an infantry school in rome and then worked under the italian police force in
03:31the 1950s then following somalia's independence in 1960 he became a lieutenant to the somali national
03:38army in 1966 adid later studied postgraduate military science at the elite institution the frunzia military
03:46academy in the soviet union well-trained educated and effectively in control of mogadishu following the
03:52civil war adid would ultimately become one of the u.n's most wanted men following an attack in
03:58mogadishu on pakistani u.n peacekeepers in june of 1993 that killed 24 of them and that was largely
04:04attributed to adid's forces the u.n issued a warrant for adid's arrest but even with the presence of
04:10international forces instability continued persisting for one mogadishu the capital of somalia was a big
04:17city home to over a million people a large portion of whom were themselves heavily armed mogadishu was
04:24also difficult to traverse on land usually heavily congested with traffic the u.s troops therefore
04:30especially favored the ease of traversing the city aerially with helicopters instead on the 3rd of
04:36october 1993 after receiving a tip about the location of two of adid's top men u.s forces consisting
04:43of a group of special forces known as task force ranger planned a mission to close in on it the
04:48objective
04:49was to capture two of adid's lieutenants his foreign minister omar salat elmi and his top
04:55political advisor abdi hassan awale who were both meeting in mogadishu that day in the hopes that
05:01they would ultimately lead to adid himself by that neutralizing adid the hope ultimately was that the
05:06sna might crumble and restore some semblance of stability to somalia and this wasn't the first time
05:12they had tried this either the u.s had previously attempted unsuccessfully to kill adid in july in
05:191993 in a raid that would later become known as bloody monday on the 12th of july un helicopters
05:26had fired on a habar gadir command center used by adid's gunmen with 17 united states cobra helicopter
05:33gunships and blackhawk reconnaissance helicopters firing 16 missiles and more than 2 000 rounds of 20
05:40millimeter cannon fire reportedly the attack killed 13 and injured 11 though sna members claimed far
05:48higher numbers with their own claims of 73 killed and 200 wounded the independent red cross count
05:55ultimately listed 53 casualties related to the incident and 18 himself it turned out hadn't even
06:01been present in the building regardless the attack significantly changed the public perception
06:05of u.s forces as careless and murderous for the worse increasing hostility towards their presence
06:11and validating the sna's fierce anti-americanism and their desire to rid somalia of american influence
06:18completely following the attack in response an angry mob armed with guns and knives killed four
06:25journalists who were trying to cover the story an associated press photographer from germany a reuters
06:31photographer with british and american citizenship another reuters photographer and a reuters sound
06:36technician following this violent reprisal u.s rangers were deployed to mogadishu and a couple months
06:42later early on the morning of the 25th of september 1993 not even a week before what would become an
06:48infamous operation somali militiamen shot down a black hawk helicopter with an rpg over at a deed-controlled
06:55area of mogadishu killing three service members on board it was in this delicate hostile context that
07:02the u.s planned yet another raid to try and capture a deed around 1 50 p.m on the
07:083rd of october 1993
07:10through a local informant the cia had confirmed that salad and awale would be meeting other high-ranking
07:16sna clan officials about a block from the olympic hotel the olympic hotel was in mogadishu's bakara market
07:22area an open-air market in a particularly hostile area and the site of many illegal activities and
07:29forgeries the area was especially dangerous because it was particularly heavily populated by the habar
07:35gadir clan and therefore loyalists to ad while they prepared they surveyed the building with helicopters
07:42the team included 160 men the average age of whom was just 19 the equipment consisted of 19 aircraft
07:50including 12 black hawk helicopters and 12 vehicles were deployed for the operation
07:56each of the black hawks was also armed with 7.62 millimeter miniguns each capable of firing 4 000
08:03rounds per minute or 10 rounds per second per barrel the objective was to approach the building with
08:08the aircraft land 40 soldiers worth of delta force teams on the street outside of the building and then
08:13storm it while the black hawks remained hovering above then once the mission's objective was completed
08:19forces would exit back to base via the convoy of 12 vehicles nine humvees and three five-ton trucks
08:26led by lieutenant colonel danny mcknight this kind of an exit was deemed necessary since it was impossible
08:32to safely land black hawks in the haram mogadishu the ground convoy would wait behind the olympic hotel
08:38under protective cover by the hovering black hawks and in case anything went awry they counted on the u.s
08:4410th mountain division in the west of mogadishu and u.n pakistanian malaysian troops in mogadishu's
08:50port as backup with this plan around 3 30 p.m the operation was set in a motion the code
08:56word irene
08:57was transmitted and the teams departed from base at this point they expected the whole operation to take
09:03no more than only 30 minutes but what they thought was going to be a covert mission had already been
09:08undermined by the sna's communications because despite trying to throw any observers off by flying
09:14past their target and doubling back the americans movements were being closely watched and reported
09:19by the sna's radio network that covered the entire city warning of their arrival on the ground below
09:26them somalis also communicated more covertly they began to light tires on fire a further way to send a
09:32message of an imminent american attack and a signal to fighters to converge onto the area at around
09:373 42 pm the u.s forces arrived and the official assault began 16 helicopters left from the american
09:44base at the airport heading for the target building there was only a four minute flight time away as
09:50planned the rangers roped down from the black hawks successfully about 75 rangers descended in four
09:56groups called chocks and positioned themselves at each corner of the block surrounding the target house
10:01almost immediately from this point however things began to go wrong first one of the
10:07chocks chalk four actually dropped in the wrong location and was a block north away from the real
10:13target and then as he was descending one of the rangers in the chalk 18 year old private first class
10:19todd blackburn completely missed the rope and fell 70 feet straight down of the street knocked unconscious
10:27he was severely injured bleeding heavily from his face and required immediate medical attention
10:33meanwhile on the orders of sna colonel sharif asan yumale himself on orders from a deed hundreds of heavily
10:41armed somali militia men had gathered on foot and in trucks in large crowds around the u.s soldiers
10:47they poured in from seemingly every direction and began firing with rifles machine guns and rpgs as they did
10:55so they immediately hit one of the u.s vehicles with an rpg and rendered it unusable meanwhile inside of
11:01the
11:01building things had progressed quickly at around 402 pm some half an hour after the raid had first
11:07been launched as expected awale and salat had both been captured along with another 22 other clan members
11:15as the ground convoy moved up to take away the prisoners the target operation itself seemed to have
11:20gone remarkably smoothly so far we started clearing and it was over with within a minute we had captured the
11:2612 guys we were supposed to get master sergeant nor gruden a member of the assault force was quoted as
11:33saying
11:33but this success inside occurred in the wake of the unrest going on outside which had devolved in a fire
11:39fights between the u.s forces and growing crowds of militiamen who now potentially numbered as high as 3 000
11:46strong
11:47then there was also the matter of the injured private blackburn who was being attended to by medics
11:52because of the heavy fire evacuating him by a helicopter was deemed to be untenable so as the
11:58ground convoy that was containing the captured targets prepared a retreat lieutenant colonel mcknight
12:03had three of the vehicles separate off in order to treat blackburn and evacuate him safely back to base
12:09a trip which ideally should have only taken about five minutes to do at around 4 15 pm blackburn's medical
12:17convoy along with a vehicle containing the 24 captured targets salade awale and 22 other sna members
12:24all began at a park meanwhile blackhawk super 61 piloted by chief warrant officer 3 cliff wolcott
12:31and chief warrant officer 3 donovan friley hovered over the whole scene at a low altitude firing their
12:36miniguns to contain the crowd but only a few minutes later came the first big hit that would change
12:42everything at around 4 20 pm local time one of the blackhawk super 61's gunners noticed an armed
12:48man pointing an rpg their direction before the helicopter could move enough to react the man let
12:53loose his shot the rpg struck the tail of the helicopter setting it into a spin as the helicopter
12:59plummeted wolcott's last words were heard through the radio 6-1 going down with that about four blocks
13:06north of the target location the blackhawk crashed down to the ground upon impact both of the
13:12pilots were killed immediately but two delta 4 snipers staff sergeant daniel bush and staff
13:18sergeant jim smith who had survived did their best to defend the crash site which had immediately become
13:24rushed by the crowds of somalis both armed and unarmed many of the armed fighters appear to be hiding
13:30behind the unarmed civilians using them as human shields the bad guys had a tendency to kind of close
13:36in around crash sites because they knew we were going to come to them brigadier general william c david
13:41then lieutenant colonel commanding the 214 infantry the location of this particular helicopter crash also
13:48happened to be just outside of the home of saida omar muhammad a woman who just that morning had just
13:55given birth to her daughter immediately after wolcott's helicopter crash a dozen u.s soldiers ran into her
14:02house laying wounded soldiers on her table although they were afraid they made us scared as well they
14:08turned our house into a stronghold she later recalled in the netflix documentary surviving blackhawk down
14:14above the chaos another blackhawk designated as super 64 and piloted by chief warrant officer michael
14:21durant and chief warrant officer raymond frank then took the crashed super 61's place in the sky with this
14:27crash what had begun as a targeted raid had now become something else entirely a rescue and recovery
14:33operation only a few minutes after the first helicopter had crashed as the fight on the ground
14:39broke out the remaining ground forces half of chop two and part of chop one were ordered to run three
14:45blocks from the target building to reach and assist their comrades over at the crash site of super 61
14:50together this team formed a new defensive perimeter additionally another combat search and rescue team
14:56fast rope from blackhawk super 68 piloted by chief warrant officer 3 dan foyota to assist the crew
15:03with the first crashed helicopter as they approached however with men still on the ropes super 68 2 was
15:10hit by another rpg an rpg has a very unique sound foyota said there was no doubt in my mind
15:17i had been hit
15:18by something pretty heavy fear took over so i immediately took in power and i was getting out of there
15:24he added in the extremely unstable situation hoyota still managed to get the rangers off of the ropes
15:31and pilot the damaged helicopter all the way back to base once the rangers eventually arrived at the
15:37site of the crashed super 61 however they found both of the pilots wolcott and briley dead and the two
15:44crew chiefs staff sergeant ray dowdy and staff sergeant charlie warren both severely wounded the black
15:51itself was also damaged to the point of being unrecognizable looking more like rubble than a
15:56helicopter all the while around 4 30 pm the humvee evacuation convoy also carrying the sna prisoners was
16:04making its way through the city the convoy had initially planned to return back to base but after
16:09the black hawk crash new orders came for the convoy to return back to the crash site but this apparently
16:15simple task merely traveling one block north and three blocks east while navigating the congested
16:21roads of mogadishu through heavy dust and smoke along with the angry mobs surrounding them became very
16:28difficult sna militiamen were firing at them from all sides from streets and from windows and roofs above
16:34and the large five-ton trucks were easy targets this all became extremely disorienting as they tried to get
16:43through we made a mistake on the ground in the humvee and didn't share the load in land navigation
16:48said then sergeant and squad leader 24 year old jeff stroiger who was leading the convoy at the time
16:54i think most guys thought five major roads who can't figure out your way around the city with five major
17:00roads but when you get in this it gets real hard real fast he added at one point then the
17:07convoy made
17:07a wrong turn and got lost among the city streets sustaining heavy casualties by somali snipers and
17:13rpgs who fired on them from all sides it was here that the ground mission sustained its first but not
17:19last fatality staff sergeant dominic pilla pilla who was firing one of the humvee's guns on top of the
17:26vehicle was shot in his head once we got on that ground that real clear overhead view of the city
17:32became a
17:32maze of shacks and garbage said master sergeant norm hooten trying to navigate through that was
17:39pretty challenging we moved up and started taking our first serious casualties i remember what that
17:45did to us as a unit it demoralized me to the point that what it really did was infuriate me
17:50he added
17:52finally after struggling driving around for nearly 45 minutes the convoy managed to return near the
17:59olympic but by this point it had been far too damaged to be of any help to the crash site
18:04judging
18:05this then task force commander major general william f garrison ordered the convoy to this time
18:11definitively return to base by the time the convoy had actually managed to retreat around 5 15 pm it was
18:18in very bad shape all of the vehicles in it were severely damaged and the convoy had sustained seven
18:24casualties four soldiers and three of the somali prisoners 20 minutes after the first helicopter
18:31had been hit another rocket propelled grenade found blackhawk super 64 the one piloted by chief warrant
18:36officer mike durant that had replaced super 61. super 64 hovered about 10 blocks south of the target
18:43location and about half a mile south of the first crash site as the rpg round hit the tail of
18:49durant's
18:49helicopter the vehicle began to spin uncontrollably then plummeted and crashed about a
18:54mile from where the first helicopter had fallen smashing into several homes and killing those who
19:00were inside and just like with the first crash site this one immediately began being swarmed by angry
19:06armed somalis another blackhawk super 62 began firing its midi guns to try and provide support
19:13but now with a second crash site to defend the already scrambling u.s forces would be spread
19:19dangerously thin desperately they tried to gather up help a ranger relief column trying to reach them
19:26but was pushed back by heavy fire around 4 45 pm durant's crash site received some more small support
19:33two delta 4 snipers sergeant first class randy schugart and master sergeant gary gordon who had been
19:40providing cover fire from the super 62 above requested to be inserted directly into the crash site itself
19:46in order to help protect the injured durant and his crew all of whom and managed to survive it was
19:52a
19:52huge gun battle they say that 25 somalis were killed by gunfire at crash site too so that gives you
19:59some
19:59insight into how much shooting was going on durant said later while speaking to the bbc at around 5 pm
20:06major
20:07stroiker who had previously led the evacuation convoy then was directed to lead a quick reaction force convoy to
20:13the second crash site and rescue any survivors having narrowly survived navigating the mob once
20:20he saw returning to it as a one-way trip personally i was thinking it was a suicide mission if
20:27i drive
20:27back through what i just went through i'm going to die in the next few moments no question about it
20:33stroiker said nonetheless stroiker was determined to reach his comrades despite his resolve though it would
20:40be too late durant's crash site was by this point overrun by the mob and impossible to reach
20:47stroiker's convoy would never make it to super 64's crash site ambushed by fighters along the way the
20:53attempted assistance got stuck deep in a 30 minute long battle of their own during which the roughly 100
21:00u.s soldiers fought back with nearly 60 000 rounds of fired ammunition and hundreds of thrown grenades
21:07depleted and with no path to durant at around 5 30 pm the convoy ultimately pivoted to retreat back to
21:15base at the second crash site at around 5 40 pm meanwhile the delta snipers sugart and gordon had run
21:21out
21:22of ammunition and another rpg had also hit the side of their air support super 62 knocking the co-pilot
21:29unconscious and forcing the pilot chief warrant officer michael a gofena to make a crash landing over in
21:34bogadishu's port then as the mob of armed somalis overtook the second crash site sugart and gordon
21:41were both killed eventually both of them would posthumously receive the medal of honor but before
21:47being overrun the two men had still managed to extract durant from the wreckage before running
21:53back into the fray gordon then handed durant a fully loaded rifle shortly after that both he and sugart
22:00would be gone leaving durant as the only sole survivor who was present at the second crash site
22:07this however wouldn't be known until much later and so evacuation teams would return in search of
22:12other survivors i spent the rest of the night flying over that city getting rocked by rpgs looking for
22:19those guys only to find out later that the somalis had found their radios and turned them on to give
22:25us
22:25false indications chief warrant officer three dan foyota would later report durant himself who
22:32suffered a broken leg and an injured back after being beaten by the mob that overtook the snipers
22:37was taken to captive by somali militiamen who recognized the value of possessing a living american
22:43hostage by 5 45 pm both the first and second evacuation convoys had returned back to the u.s base
22:50but
22:51back in hostile territory deep in mogadishu some 99 soldiers still remained in defensive positions
22:57trapped and surrounded at the site of the first crashed blackhawk super 61 during this firefight
23:0421 year old ranger corporal jamie smith was shot in his femoral artery as smith began to lose significant
23:11amounts of blood attempts began to evacuate him but u.s forces have been worn thin they were stuck in
23:18a
23:18long-haul battle without having prepared for one task forces apparent confidence in their ability to
23:23carry out the operation in a short amount of time had left the soldiers without backup supplies that
23:28were now proving critical despite the temperature rising to over a hundred degrees fahrenheit the
23:33soldiers didn't even carry any water with them and so re-entering the fray at around 7 0 8 pm
23:40another
23:40blackhawk designated super 66 returned to resupply the pinned down forces it dropped a bundle including
23:48water ammunition and medical supplies this at least brought the troops some stamina but that was all the
23:55help it could offer super 66 was too damaged and the situation on the ground was too dangerous to attempt
24:01any kind of evacuation including of the critically injured corporal smith and indeed about an hour later in
24:09the thick of the thick of the battle smith ultimately succumbed to his injuries and died
24:14ultimately it wasn't more support the stranded soldiers needed they just needed to get out
24:20but with a plan that had spiraled so far out of control and with contingency plans that were ineffective
24:25they were essentially trying to recreate a brand new plan all on the fly all while the forces on the
24:31ground
24:31just were trying to hold out helicopters couldn't land so what they really needed were armored vehicles
24:37down on the ground and here in mogadishu those belonged to the pakistanian malaysian forces with
24:43the u.n both stationed at the city's port several miles away so at around 9 pm and night task
24:51force
24:51ranger and the 10th mountain division departed to gather reinforcements with the malaysians and the
24:55pakistanis and at this time deep in the mogadishu battlefield there was an internal debate going on within the
25:02sna forces themselves with the americans holed up in their defensive positions across roofs trees and within
25:08residential areas the best way to target them you malay surmised was with a barrage of mortars
25:14but as he ordered his men to prepare for such an attack he was approached by one of his own
25:19officers
25:19joined by relatives of those held captive by the americans in their homes who begged him to
25:25reconsider a mortar barrage on the americans positions would absolutely certainly also kill
25:31somali civilians including many children so they pled with gumale to reconsider and so with this it was
25:38ultimately decided that the mortars would only be used against the u.s reinforcements instead elsewhere
25:44at around 11 15 pm the quick reaction force rescue convoy attempted to mount their rescue
25:50now with four pakistani tanks and 28 malaysian armored personnel carriers the convoy moved out with 70
25:57vehicles total ideally they could have reached the trapped forces quickly after all they were only
26:03located three miles away as the crow flies but this situation was far from ideal sna roadblocks and
26:11ambushes with rpg fire turned this three mile stretch into a deadly slog of nearly two and a half
26:17hours the language barrier between the various units participating didn't help either and the
26:24soldiers struggled to communicate with each other at one point the malaysian vehicles that were leading
26:28the convoy took a wrong turn and when they did both of the lead vehicles were hit by rpgs destroying
26:35the
26:35vehicles killing their malaysian drivers and wounding others who were inside
26:40so as midnight passed into the early hours of the fourth of october dozens of u.s rangers were
26:46still trapped inside of mogadishu tired injured and now ill-equipped to fight at night in addition
26:52to not having brought any water having first seen this to only be a short simple daytime operation
26:58they had also not brought along their night vision goggles either nor any extra batteries for their radios
27:04finally nearing 2 a.m the quick reaction force unit had managed to fight through just enough to reach
27:10task force ranger but even with their rescue now imminent many still opted to stay because there was
27:17still the matter of super 61's pilot cliff wolcott at around 3 a.m in the pitch black of the
27:24night
27:24half a dozen men were still struggling to extract wolcott from the wreckage of his crash to prevent
27:30his body from becoming desecrated by the sna this particular concern was well founded as after the
27:36previous shooting down of a u.s black hawk that occurred in september in 1993 somali militiamen
27:41had reportedly carried around the bodies of the helicopter's crewmen and sacks displaying them to
27:46passers now wolcott's comrades refused to let the same fate befall anyone else meanwhile the rest of
27:54the men had holed up in four homes on a street nearby where they hoped to find shelter from the
27:58gunfire and treat their wounded the house's inhabitants which were mostly women and many
28:04children were locked in and prevented from leaving in later interviews the u.s soldiers involved stated
28:10that there was equal part fear that if they left they would assist the militias in fighting against
28:15them and also that they might become injured in the crossfire if we could have taken those families
28:20and just moved them out of there we would have one senior officer later explained we obviously
28:25couldn't do that because it was as dangerous for them out there as it was for us it's not a
28:30part of
28:30our mindset to take hostages especially women and children the officer later added finally at around
28:375 45 a.m in the early morning after trying for hours using a humvee with a tow rope task
28:44force
28:45ranger was able to retrieve wolcott's body from the wreckage of super 61 the 14th infantry second
28:51battalion then made for durant's crash site where they found the entire crew missing leaving behind
28:57only trails of blood as the sun began to rise there was finally an opportunity to get out
29:03but since there wasn't enough room for everybody on board the convoy the rangers began to trek on foot
29:09towards the pakistani stadium where some 4 000 pakistani troops were stationed this journey
29:16would later become known as the mogadishu mile at around 6 a.m they convened at a rendezvous point
29:22at a bus stop where the rest of the vehicles loaded everyone up and drove the rest of the way
29:26to the
29:26pakistani stadium they arrived by 6 30 a.m exhausted having endeared sna gunfire all along the way by the
29:35time they had safely arrived at the stadium it had been a grueling 17 hours since they had first sent
29:42out for what they initially expected was only going to be a 30 minute mission nominally the battle of
29:48mogadishu was deemed a failure for both the losses in equipment and in lives as the casualties were tallied
29:55up 18 american soldiers would ultimately be confirmed to have been killed during it one malaysian soldier
30:02was also killed another american soldier durant was taken as a prisoner of war 84 american soldiers
30:09were also injured along with seven malaysians and two pakistanis but the operation had also managed
30:16to capture their intended targets and despite their own losses had also killed a significant number
30:21of idid's fighters as well of the somalis who were also killed by the fighting were also many civilians
30:28the numbers of fighters and civilians declared by somali leaders would put the total death toll
30:33at 312 and those injured at 814 people and the battle would leave deep lasting scars on the people of
30:42mogadishu as well it was the americans who destroyed my house killed my husband my two sons and my brother
30:49and left my family in lasting misery said binti ali wardere who was just 24 years old at the time
30:57speaking in netflix's 2025 documentary binti's four-year-old son who survived was also permanently
31:05blinded by the fighting at the very least they must admit what they have done and compensate us
31:11she later added durant who was captured as a prisoner of war was eventually released 11 days after his capture
31:18with the help from the red cross he shared that while a prisoner his captives quote beat him violently
31:25with their fists and with sticks end quote he also reported being stripped carried around naked
31:32blindfolded and restrained across exuberant crowds the black hawk down fiasco spelled the beginning of the end
31:39for u.s involvement in somalia on the 7th of october president bill clinton announced that all u.s
31:45troops would be pulled entirely out of the country the united states has long had to face the challenge
31:51determining to what degree it wants to participate in global peacekeeping efforts and whether or not
31:56u.s lives should be put at risk for peacekeeping events in somalia between 1992 and 1994 threw that
32:03debate in a sharp relief he said then in january of 1994 the men whose attempted capture had cost so
32:11many lives military and civilian were ultimately released on the 18th of january omar salat elmi and
32:19muhammad hasana wale were both free to the enthusiastic celebrations of hundreds of somalis who gathered on the
32:2620th and only a few months later on the 25th of march of 1994 the u.s had fully withdrawn
32:33all of their
32:34remaining forces from somalia and indeed the man who all of this chaos had been for was ultimately killed
32:41just two years later in august of 1996 succumbing to a gunshot wound after a battle with his former allies
32:49and as always thank you for watching this episode on nebula
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