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00:00So let us proceed. Before we continue, I want to show you the elevation plan.
00:04As you can see, it has the same floor-to-floor height of 3.2 meters.
00:09This is a typical plan, and the project is located in the Philippines, specifically in Manila.
00:15In the plan, each room type is color-coded.
00:18Blue is for the classroom. Green is for the comfort room.
00:22Purple or violet is for the stair area. Dark yellow is for the corridor.
00:26Red is for the storage room. The building has a total length of 28 meters and a width of 10
00:32.5 meters,
00:33and this same plan repeats from the ground floor up to the fourth floor.
00:37The separation of rooms will be important later when we model the superstructure,
00:41after we finish designing the truss and purlins.
00:44Now, since this project is located in the Philippines, the building code I will be using is based on Philippine
00:49standards.
00:50If you're in a different country, you can use your own local building code.
00:54That will be the only part where we differ.
00:57The rest, especially the modeling process, will be the same regardless of your location.
01:02So I suggest that if you want to use your code, feel free to do so.
01:06However, if your goal is to practice using STAAD Pro or to follow along with this course,
01:12I recommend you follow everything we're going to do.
01:15This way, you'll learn the process clearly.
01:17And who knows, someday, if you get to work on a project here in the Philippines,
01:21you can use this course as your guide.
01:23Now, let's go back to STAAD Pro 2024.
01:27Click Structure Wizard.
01:28But before anything else, make sure to check the units.
01:31Go to File, Select Units.
01:34A dialog box will appear.
01:36Make sure the unit is set to meters.
01:38Then click OK.
01:40Next, under Model Type, we won't be selecting truss directly.
01:43Instead, we choose Frame Models, then Bay Frame.
01:47Double-click that.
01:48The reason we're doing this is because we want to design the base frame first.
01:52This is important so we have an intersection point where the truss and beams will connect.
01:57We'll also place our pin supports there.
01:59A dialog box will appear where we input the building dimensions.
02:03For length, 28 meters, height, 3.2 meters, and width, 10.5 meters.
02:10Along the length, we have seven spans, so we need to input that too.
02:15Click the ellipsis button to define the span lengths.
02:23For the height, just one span of 3.2 meters.
02:26For the width, input the values based on the layout.
02:29Once done, click Apply.
02:31Now go to File, then Save, because we'll be reusing this model for the superstructure.
02:36Then click Merge Model with STAAD Pro Model, and click Yes.
02:40STAAD will now ask where to position the model in terms of X, Y, and Z axes.
02:44Leave all values as 0, so it's placed at the origin.
02:49Click OK.
02:50Next step, we will delete the vertical members.
02:53So, in STAAD, every member is always called a beam, whether it's a column or a truss.
02:59To delete the vertical members quickly, press the spacebar to bring up the quick commands,
03:03Select Isolate.
03:05Front Face.
03:06Select all the vertical lines.
03:08Press Delete on your keyboard, then click OK and Yes.
03:14After that, go back to Top View, using the spacebar.
03:18Now we are going to create the bottom chord and the king post.
03:22Right-click, then Select Cursor.
03:24Nodes Cursor.
03:25You'll see the mouse pointer change.
03:27It now has a circle below it, meaning it's in node selection mode.
03:31Select the node, then press Ctrl-C to copy and Ctrl-V to paste.
03:35A dialog box will appear asking where to place the new node.
03:38Now, before placing the node, look at the bottom left corner where the axis indicators are.
03:43This shows where the positive X, Y, and Z directions are going.
03:47The letter tells you the positive side of that axis.
03:50We are going to use a 45-degree angle for this truss because we are making a Cuatro Aguas roof,
03:57or hip roof.
03:58We'll draw two lines that intersect at the center.
04:00Since half the width of the building is 5.25 meters, we need to place the node beyond that length.
04:07Or, if you prefer, you can place the node exactly where it should be, without creating two beams.
04:14You can simply input X equal 5.25 and Z equal negative 5.25.
04:20But for this course, I will show you how intersecting beams work.
04:23So, I will draw two lines.
04:25So, for the first node input, X equal to 7, then Z equal to negative 7, Y negative Z, and
04:33positive X.
04:33Again, look at the global axis in the bottom left.
04:36The direction where the letters appear is the positive axis.
04:40Now, click OK.
04:43Then select this node.
04:44Then press Ctrl-C and Ctrl-V.
04:52And for this one, input X equals 7, Z equals 7.
04:57Click OK.
04:58Now we'll create a beam by clicking Add Beam and connect the two nodes as I'm doing.
05:03Press Ask after you're done.
05:05Now we've created two beams, but there's still no intersection between them.
05:09To create an intersection, on the top menu bar, go to Beam.
05:14Then, intersect selected beam.
05:16A dialog box will appear asking for tolerance.
05:19This means how much gap is allowed between beams before STAAD treats them as intersecting.
05:25Since our beams are aligned exactly, just type 0 or leave it at 0.001M.
05:31Click OK and OK again.
05:33Now a node is created at the intersection.
05:35Next, delete the two diagonal beams we used just to create the intersection.
05:39If you select a beam you didn't mean to, just click it again to deselect.
05:43Now delete the unnecessary beams, click Delete, then OK, then Yes.
05:48Now press Spacebar and switch to Isometric View.
05:52We are now going to create the king post.
05:54Right-click and select Cursor.
05:56Nodes Cursor.
05:57Select the center node, then press Ctrl-C to copy, Ctrl-V to paste.
06:02Input Y equal 2.5 meters for the king post height, then click OK.
06:09Click Add Beam and connect the top node to the bottom node.
06:19Next, we will offset this beam 1 meter along the Z-axis.
06:25Select this beam, press Ctrl-C, then Ctrl-V.
06:29For Z-axis, enter positive 1 meter, then click OK.
06:33You'll now see that the beam is duplicated 1M away.
06:36Take note, instead, beam end colors have specific meanings.
06:41Green equal Start node, blue equal End node.
06:44This will help when stretching beams.
06:46Now we're going to stretch the beam so the bottom cord connects to another beam.
06:50To do that, select this beams, the bottom cord.
06:53Go to Menu Bar in the Beam category.
06:56Stretch Beam.
06:57A dialog box will appear.
06:59Select Through Distance.
07:01Since we're stretching from the Start node now, input 3 meters, then click Apply.
07:06You'll see the beam stretch outward.
07:08Next, we'll connect this beam to another existing beam.
07:12Select this bottom cord beam.
07:13Go again to Stretch Beam, but now choose to an existing member.
07:18STAD will now prompt you to click the beam you want to connect to.
07:21Click this mouse pointer, and when it turns yellow, you can now select the beam you want to stretch toward.
07:26Once selected, STAD will show its beam number, as you can see its beam number 88.
07:31Then click Apply.
07:32Now the beam is connected, and a new node is created at the intersection.
07:36Now we will select these two beams, then delete it.
07:44Then we'll add Beam.
07:45Click to the top node of this king post, then connect it to this node.
07:49Now we have the top cord.
07:53Now click this top cord, then right-click, then select Insert node.
07:57A dialog box will appear.
08:02In here, we'll add endpoints to divide the top cord.
08:06Take note, the ideal spacing for web members is around 1 to 2 meters.
08:10Since this is 9.18 meters, divide it by 6.
08:14So that's around 1.5 meters.
08:17The formula we're going to use is number of span minus 1, so in N, we'll input 5.
08:24Then click Add Endpoints, and now you'll see it's divided into 6.
08:28So each span is about 1.5309 meters.
08:32Now click OK.
08:33Now, as you can see in this model, it already has the nodes.
08:37What I'm doing here to change the view is just pressing the right arrow key on the keyboard.
08:42Now in Add Beam, we select Perpendicular Intersection to create our vertical web members.
08:48Compared to the normal Add Beam, this one doesn't need another node.
08:52As long as you click perpendicularly to the beam below it, it will still connect and create a node.
08:58Be careful with this last one, because it's very close to the other node.
09:02It shouldn't be connected.
09:04To check, click View, then select Dynamic Zoom, then drag to zoom in closely.
09:12So this one's not connected.
09:13That's good.
09:16Close it, then go back to Geometry, then Add Beam to create the diagonal web members.
09:30So now this is our completed hip truss.
09:33What we're going to do next is mirror this truss to the other side.
09:36To do that, click the Mirror tool.
09:39But first, we're going to select this truss we want to mirror.
09:42Just do the same as what I'm doing.
09:45Press the arrow key to isolate this view, then select it using the selection box.
09:51Isolate again to this view, then either select the Mirror tool from here, or just press Spacebar, then choose Mirror.
10:02Now in mirroring, we'll select our mirror plane.
10:04Just imagine where your selected geometry will be mirrored.
10:07In this case, it's along X-axis, so the mirror plane is XY-axis.
10:13Next, it needs a node on plane.
10:15Click this, and after clicking, the mouse pointer will change to yellow around it.
10:19Now just choose any node, either the top node of the king post or the bottom one.
10:24For me, I'll click the top node, then click OK.
10:28Now we have our mirrored hip truss.
10:30Since we also have trusses perpendicular to Z and X direction,
10:34what we're going to do next is select again the Perpendicular Intersection tool.
10:41Then click here, and then here.
10:43Next, press Shift-E to show the beam ends.
10:47As you can see, the beam end where we're going to stretch is blue.
10:50That's the end node.
10:51Now select that, then click Stretch Beam, then choose through distance,
10:57then end node, and input one meter, then click Apply.
11:09Then add beam.
11:11We now create the top chord.
11:13Now select this beam, then choose Insert Node again.
11:16This time, the top chord is 6.7 meters, so we'll divide it by 4.
11:21So for add endpoints, that's 3.
11:24Type 3, then click Add Endpoints.
11:26Now it's divided into 4 with a spacing of 1.6829 meters.
11:31Click OK.
11:36Next, select the Perpendicular Intersection tool again to create vertical web members.
11:40Then connect them.
11:46Then go to Add Beam for the diagonal web members.
11:51For faster copying and rotation, we'll use the Circular Repeat.
11:55Select the truss we're going to repeat.
12:01For easy selection, just do as I'm doing.
12:17Then isolate to isometric view.
12:20Now click Circular Repeat, and the dialog box will appear.
12:23Our axis of rotation is Y.
12:26In this, negative means clockwise.
12:29Positive is counterclockwise.
12:32So our total angle is negative 180 degrees.
12:38We'll copy it two times, so for number of steps, input two.
12:42Now it will again need a node.
12:44Click it, then click the top node of the king post, then click OK.
12:48Then click yes and yes again.
12:51Now we've completed the truss on this side.
12:54Next, we will mirror it to the other side.
12:57To do that, we'll need to insert a node in the middle of this beam.
13:00So go to Insert Node, choose Add Midpoint, then click OK.
13:04Now we have a midpoint there.
13:06That's what we'll use as the node on plane.
13:08Now isolate to top view, then select everything in this part.
13:12It's OK if some unnecessary beams get selected.
13:15We'll fix that later.
13:17Now select the mirror tool.
13:26This time, our mirror plane is YZ.
13:29To select the node on plane, click this, then click this node, then click OK, then yes.
13:39Now we have the full truss.
13:40To identify the spacing, we'll measure the distance between two trusses, press space,
13:45then choose Node to Node Distance, and click this node and that node.
13:50So we have 17.5 meters length.
14:00To calculate spacing, 17.5 divided 5 is equal 3.5 meters.
14:06Next thing to do is translational repeat so that we have a full truss with spacing of 3.5 meters.
14:12First, select this full truss, then click Translational Repeat Tool.
14:24Our global direction is along X.
14:27Step spacing is 3.5 meters.
14:32The number of steps is span minus 1, so we input 4.
14:40Then click OK, that's it, now we have a full truss.
14:44You can double check the length using Node to Node Distance again.
14:47Just click the nodes you want to measure.
14:58To erase the distance, click the same node again.
15:05Or use the Remove Node to Node Distance tool.
15:08Now press spacebar, then display whole structure.
15:12Next, we're going to intersect all the truss systems.
15:18As you can see, the trusses don't intersect with the roof beams.
15:21We need those intersections because we'll put the support where the truss and beams connect.
15:26To intersect, press CTRL-A to select all.
15:30Then go to Geometry, select Intersect Selected Beams.
15:36Then click OK and OK again.
15:51Now, as you can see here, the trusses and beams are intersected, and they've created new nodes.
15:56Now we'll proceed with the preliminary checking of the model to identify any errors in modeling the truss.
16:03Go to Utilities, then under Structure Tools, select Multiple Structure.
16:07STAAD doesn't allow multiple or separated structures.
16:11They need to be connected or monolithic.
16:13So we check it.
16:14No multiple structures.
16:16Next is Node Tools.
16:17Select Duplicate Nodes.
16:19Click OK.
16:20No Duplicate Nodes.
16:22Next, check for Orphan Nodes.
16:23These are nodes not connected to the structure.
16:26Check it.
16:27No Orphan Nodes.
16:28Next, go to Beam Tools.
16:29Select Duplicate Beams.
16:31And as you can see, we have a lot.
16:33Because earlier we just copied and mirrored beams.
16:36To fix it, click Remove All Duplicates, then click OK.
16:44Next is Zero Length.
16:48We don't have any.
16:50Double-check Duplicate Beams.
16:52Now there are none.
16:53Next is Overlapping Collinear Beams.
16:55We don't have any of that either.
16:57So that's it for preliminary checking.
17:00Now we can save it.
17:01And I highly suggest saving from time to time, especially for those using a PC without a UPS.
17:07In case of a blackout, it helps avoid losing progress.
17:10We don't have any of that.
17:11We don't have any of that.
17:11We don't have any of that.
17:11We don't have any of that.
17:11We don't have any of that.
17:12We don't have any of that.
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