00:04There are lots of things all around us, exciting things that surround us.
00:11But how does it work? Do you know?
00:15How is it made? Do you know?
00:18Things that go up, things that go down, things that go pop, things that go round.
00:25It's gone with special cameras to show you inside. It's going to be a big surprise.
00:31But how does it work? Do you know?
00:35How is it made? Do you know? Do you know?
00:40Let's find labs!
00:43Hello, I'm Maddie and it's bath time and I'm just about to run a bath.
00:49Let's pop the plug in and turn on the tap.
00:55I love bath time. Do you?
00:58What do you like most about it?
01:00Is it the rubber ducks or the bubbles?
01:08I love a bubble bath.
01:10So I'm going to pour in a nice big dollop of bath foam.
01:17Remember, you must always get a grown-up to run your bath.
01:21Listen to the sound.
01:23Swish, swish, swish.
01:26And now we have lots of lovely bubbles.
01:34What else do you like about bath time?
01:37I like that the water is nice and warm.
01:41But do you know where the water comes from?
01:45How does it get into the taps and how does your bath water get warm?
01:49How does hot water work?
01:52Let's go and find out.
01:53How does it work?
01:57Hot water!
01:59Your bath water starts its journey here.
02:03In a reservoir.
02:06A reservoir is a big lake that's used to store water.
02:10The water collected here will come from rivers and streams and also the rain.
02:17All the water that is collected here in the reservoir is cleaned so that it's safe.
02:23And then it's sent through pipes to our houses.
02:28There are lots of pipes under the roads and pavements where you live.
02:33And some of these big pipes carry water all the way from the reservoir into your house.
02:39In your bathroom at home, you might have a sink and a tap just like this one.
02:43And to get water, all you need to do is turn the tap on.
02:48Amazing, isn't it?
02:49But the water that comes from the reservoir is cold.
02:52So how does it get hot?
02:57To make the water hot, we need one of these.
03:00A boiler.
03:02There are lots of different types of boiler.
03:04And you might have one in your house.
03:06Let's find out how this one makes the water hot.
03:11The water from a reservoir goes through a building to be cleaned.
03:16It's then sent by pipes to our homes.
03:20One of the ways cold water is heated in your house is by a boiler.
03:26Inside the boiler is a small tank.
03:29The water gets heated there by a row of flames or electricity.
03:35When it's hot, the water is sent out through another pipe to a much bigger tank.
03:40This big tank is called a cylinder.
03:43Inside it, there is a big heated coil which keeps all the water warm until you want to use it.
03:51When you turn the hot water tap on, it lets water from the cylinder tank travel along the pipe, into
03:59the tap and out into your bathtub.
04:09It's lovely and warm.
04:11But remember, it's important that a grown up always checks how hot the water is before you get in the
04:16bath.
04:17To see how hot the bath water is, I've got a special camera.
04:22This is called a thermal camera.
04:25And it tells us what's hot and what's cold by showing us different colours.
04:30Oh, hello everyone.
04:32What colours can you see?
04:35Blue things are cold and red things are warm.
04:41So look, can you see just how red my face is?
04:44And that's because the inside of my body is warm.
04:48What about the inside of my mouth?
04:51Warm!
04:52It's so hot that it's white.
04:56Let's have a look down at the floor, shall we?
04:59My feet are bright red because my feet are warm.
05:03Apart from my toes.
05:05My toes are freezing.
05:09But if cold things are blue and hot things are red, do you know what colour the bath will be?
05:19Look at that.
05:22The bath water is bright red and yellow.
05:26And that's because it's warm.
05:29In some places, the water is even white and that's where it's very hot.
05:33But can you see?
05:35The mountains of bubbles are blue.
05:39And that's because the bubbles are cooler than the water.
05:43You know what else is blue?
05:44Our little rubber duck friends.
05:47Look at the blue duck swimming around in the swirly red water.
05:53Let's turn on the cold water and see what happens.
05:56Whoa!
05:58It's really dark blue.
06:01The water must be freezing.
06:03Now, let's see what happens when we turn the hot water on instead.
06:08Did you see the colour change as it went from cold water to hot water?
06:12The hot water is red and white, which means it's hot.
06:18And that's because the cold water has come from the reservoir through the pipes under the roads and into your
06:25house.
06:25It's then gone to the boiler where it's been heated up and kept warm in the cylinder tank,
06:31ready to go in the bath when I turn on the hot tap.
06:34Excellent.
06:37What was your favourite bit about finding out how hot water works?
06:42Do you remember what you call a lake that stores rain water for us to use in our homes?
06:48Yes, it's a reservoir.
06:50Did you hear the sound the water made when I swished it in the bath?
06:58And did you see how the thermal camera made hot things look red and cold things look blue?
07:12Now, after I have a bath, there is an important thing I have to do every night before I go
07:17to bed.
07:18Can you guess what it is?
07:20Yes! Brush my teeth.
07:22And to make my teeth squeaky clean, I have to brush them with toothpaste.
07:29My toothpaste is stripey.
07:31But do you know, how does toothpaste get its stripes?
07:36Let's go and find out.
07:39How is it made?
07:42Toothpaste!
07:43Your toothpaste is made in a big factory like this.
07:49This factory makes one million tubes of toothpaste every day.
07:54That's a lot of toothpaste.
07:58The toothpaste ingredients arrive at the factory in lorries like this one.
08:02It's called a tanker and it looks a bit like a tube of toothpaste, doesn't it?
08:06This tanker is full of something called silica that looks like this, a white powder.
08:11And it gets pushed through the tubes way up into the factory.
08:15Over to you!
08:24As well as silica, there are other ingredients to be used.
08:28And they have quite complicated names like xanthan gum or trisodium citrate dihydrate.
08:36Try saying that quickly.
08:37The first thing is they're all taken to a giant mixer.
08:43And this is it.
08:45All of the ingredients are mixed together in this giant tank to make a paste that we call toothpaste.
08:53But it's not quite ready yet.
08:57Can you remember what my favourite type of toothpaste was?
09:01Yes, it's stripey toothpaste.
09:04So, do you know how toothpaste gets its stripes?
09:09Well, for the stripes we need to add colour.
09:12Red and blue.
09:14But you only need to add a very little bit.
09:17Can you believe that this much blue dye would be enough for 50,000 tubes of toothpaste?
09:24That's enough toothpaste for a tube for every single person in a packed out football stadium.
09:33Wow.
09:35The toothpaste travels from the mixture all the way along these pipes into these big silver pots
09:42where some of the toothpaste gets its colour.
09:45We have red and blue.
09:47And look, you can even see some of the red and blue dye around the machine.
09:51Once the colour has been added, all the toothpaste gets pushed through these pipes that go down into the floor.
09:59Where do you think it goes next?
10:02It comes through the ceiling to the floor below through these pipes.
10:08One pipe is carrying red toothpaste, the other blue toothpaste and the last one, white toothpaste.
10:13The toothpaste is checked to make sure it's properly mixed.
10:17So, some of it is brought here to be tested.
10:25Look at all this gloopy toothpaste. Have you ever seen so much in one place?
10:32Looks a bit like ice cream.
10:33But what about our stripey toothpaste?
10:38Look at all these empty tubes.
10:41They travel through this machine where they get flipped upside down, ready to be filled with our stripey toothpaste.
10:52This super boss machine is putting the toothpaste inside the tubes.
10:57Inside these pipes, the three colours of toothpaste, white, red and blue, are being pushed into the tubes.
11:05Can you see the stripes?
11:08This is one of the pipes that fill the toothpaste tubes inside the machine.
11:12And look, you can see how the toothpaste is squeezed through these four holes to make this pretty pattern.
11:20It's a bit like a star, isn't it?
11:23It all happens very fast, doesn't it?
11:26I think this is time for one of my special cameras.
11:32This camera films things in slow motion, which means we can see things that are really quick, like this machine
11:40slowed right down.
11:42Are you ready?
11:44Let's go.
11:47Watch how our three colours of toothpaste are getting pushed into the tubes at the same time to make perfect
11:54stripes.
11:57Now, a stopper is put in the bottom of the tube so the toothpaste doesn't fall out.
12:04This grabbing arm flips the tubes the right way up and they're ready to go off and be wrapped and
12:09packaged.
12:10The tubes move along here and it looks a bit like a model railway, doesn't it?
12:20Can you hear the sound of the machine?
12:21Can you hear the sound of the machine?
12:26It's caught quite a good beat.
12:31Now, the tubes of toothpaste go to a robot that wraps a label around each one, puts them inside boxes
12:39and then they're ready to go to the shops.
12:43What was your favourite bit about the toothpaste making factory?
12:48Do you remember what my favourite kind of toothpaste is?
12:53That's right, it's stripey.
12:56Did you hear the sound of the machinery as it flipped the toothpaste tubes?
13:06It had a really good beat.
13:09Did you dance too?
13:12And did you see the way the toothpaste was put inside the tubes?
13:16That machine was so fast, we had to use my special camera to see it in slow motion.
13:28So, now you know how toothpaste is made and how hot water comes out of the taps.
13:33I think it's time I brushed my teeth and had a bath.
13:36See you next time.
13:41There are lots of things all around
13:44Exciting things that surround us
13:48But how does it work?
13:50Do you know?
13:51How is it made?
13:53Do you know?
13:54Do you know?
13:56Let's find out!
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