00:04There are lots of things all around us, exciting things that surround us.
00:11But how does it work? Do you know?
00:15How is it made? Do you know?
00:18Things that go up, things that go down, things that go up, things that go round.
00:25It's done with special cameras to show you inside. It's going to be a big surprise.
00:31But how does it work? Do you know?
00:34How is it made? Do you know? Do you know?
00:40Let's find baths!
00:43Hello, I'm Maddie and it's bath time.
00:46And I'm just about to run a bath.
00:49Let's pop the plug in and turn on the tap.
00:55I love bath time. Do you?
00:58What do you like most about it?
01:00Is it...
01:02The rubber ducks?
01:05Or...
01:06The bubbles?
01:08I love a bubble bath.
01:10So I'm going to pour in a nice big dollop of bath foam.
01:17Remember, you must always get a grown-up to run your bath.
01:20Listen to the sound.
01:23Swish, swish, swish.
01:26And now, we have lots of lovely bubbles.
01:34What else do you like about bath time?
01:36I like that the water is nice and warm, but do you know where the water comes from?
01:45How does it get into the taps? And how does your bath water get warm?
01:49How does hot water work? Let's go and find out.
01:53How does it work?
01:57Hot water!
01:59Your bath water starts its journey here.
02:03In a reservoir.
02:06A reservoir is a big lake that's used to store water.
02:10The water collected here will come from rivers and streams and also the rain.
02:17All the water that is collected here in the reservoir is clean so that it's safe.
02:23And then it's sent through pipes to our houses.
02:28There are lots of pipes under the roads and pavements where you live.
02:32And some of these big pipes carry water all the way from the reservoir into your house.
02:39In your bathroom at home, you might have a sink and a tap just like this one.
02:43And to get water, all you need to do is turn the tap on.
02:47Amazing, isn't it?
02:49But the water that comes from the reservoir is cold.
02:52So how does it get hot?
02:57To make the water hot, we need one of these.
03:00A boiler.
03:02There are lots of different types of boiler and you might have one in your house.
03:06Let's find out how this one makes the water hot.
03:11The water from a reservoir goes through a building to be cleaned.
03:16It's then sent by pipes to our homes.
03:20One of the ways cold water is heated in your house is by a boiler.
03:26Inside the boiler is a small tank.
03:29The water gets heated there by a row of flames or electricity.
03:35When it's hot, the water is sent out through another pipe to a much bigger tank.
03:40This big tank is called a cylinder.
03:43Inside it, there is a big heated coil which keeps all the water warm until you want to use it.
03:51When you turn the hot water tap on, it lets water from the cylinder tank travel along the pipe,
03:58into the tap and out into your bathtub.
04:09It's lovely and warm, but remember it's important that a grown up always checks how hot the water is
04:15before you get in the bath. To see how hot the bath water is, I've got a special camera.
04:22This is called a thermal camera and it tells us what's hot and what's cold by showing us different colours.
04:30Hello everyone! What colours can you see?
04:35Blue things are cold and red things are warm.
04:41So look, can you see just how red my face is? And that's because the inside of my body is
04:47warm.
04:48What about the inside of my mouth?
04:52It's so hot that it's white.
04:56Let's have a look down at the floor, shall we?
04:59My feet are bright red because my feet are warmer.
05:04Apart from my toes, my toes are freezing.
05:09But if cold things are blue and hot things are red, do you know what colour the bath will be?
05:19Look at that! The bath water is bright red and yellow and that's because it's warm.
05:29In some places, the water is even white and that's where it's very hot.
05:33But can you see? The mountains of bubbles are blue and that's because the bubbles are cooler than the water.
05:43You know what else is blue? Our little rubber duck friends.
05:48Look at the blue duck swimming around in the swirly red water.
05:52Let's turn on the cold water and see what happens.
05:56Whoa! It's really dark blue. The water must be freezing!
06:03Now, let's see what happens when we turn the hot water on instead.
06:08Did you see the colour change as it went from cold water to hot water?
06:12The hot water is red and white, which means it's hot.
06:18And that's because the cold water has come from the reservoir through the pipes under the roads
06:24and into your house. It's then gone to the boiler where it's been heated up and kept warm in the
06:30cylinder tank, ready to go in the bath when I turn on the hot tap. Excellent!
06:37What was your favourite bit about finding out how hot water works?
06:41Do you remember what you call a lake that stores rain water for us to use in our homes?
06:48Yes, it's a reservoir. Did you hear the sound the water made when I swished it in the bath?
06:58And did you see how the thermal camera made hot things look red and cold things look blue?
07:12Now, after I have a bath, there is an important thing I have to do every night before I go
07:17to bed.
07:18Can you guess what it is? Yes! Brush my teeth. And to make my teeth squeaky clean,
07:24I have to brush them with toothpaste. My toothpaste is stripey. But do you know,
07:34how does toothpaste get its stripes? Let's go and find out.
07:39Toothpaste. How is it made? Toothpaste. Your toothpaste is made in a big factory like this.
07:49This factory makes one million tubes of toothpaste every day. That's a lot of toothpaste.
07:58The toothpaste ingredients arrive at the factory in lorries like this one. It's called a tanker and
08:03it looks a bit like a tube of toothpaste, doesn't it? This tanker is full of something called silica that
08:09looks like this, a white powder. And it gets pushed through the tubes way up into the factory. Over to
08:16you!
08:24As well as silica, there are other ingredients to be used. And they have quite complicated names,
08:31like xanthan gum or trisodium citrate dihydrate. Try saying that quickly. The first thing is they're all
08:39taken to a giant mixer. And this is it. All of the ingredients are mixed together in this giant tank
08:49to
08:49make a paste that we call toothpaste. But it's not quite ready yet. Can you remember what my favourite
08:59type of toothpaste was? Yes, it's stripey toothpaste. So do you know how toothpaste gets its stripes?
09:09Well, for the stripes we need to add colour. Red and blue. But you only need to add a very
09:16little bit.
09:17Can you believe that this much blue dye would be enough for 50,000 tubes of toothpaste? That's enough
09:25toothpaste for a tube for every single person in a packed out football stadium. Wow.
09:35The toothpaste travels from the mixture all the way along these pipes into these big silver pots,
09:42where some of the toothpaste gets its colour. We have red and blue. And look, you can even see
09:48some of the red and blue dye around the machine. Once the colour has been added,
09:53all the toothpaste gets pushed through these pipes that go down into the floor. Where do you think
10:00it goes next? It comes through the ceiling to the floor below, through these pipes. One pipe is
10:08carrying red toothpaste, the other blue toothpaste, and the last one, white toothpaste. The toothpaste is
10:15checked to make sure it's properly mixed. So some of it is brought here to be tested.
10:25Look at all this gloopy toothpaste. Have you ever seen so much in one place? Looks a bit like ice
10:33cream.
10:34But what about our stripey toothpaste?
10:38Look at all these empty tubes. They travel through this machine where they get flipped upside down,
10:45ready to be filled with our stripey toothpaste. This super fast machine is putting the toothpaste inside the tubes.
10:57Inside these pipes, the three colours of toothpaste, white, red and blue, are being pushed into the tubes.
11:05Can you see the stripes? This is one of the pipes that fill the toothpaste tubes inside the machine.
11:12And look, you can see how the toothpaste is squeezed through these four holes to make this pretty pattern.
11:20It's a bit like a star, isn't it?
11:23It all happens very fast, doesn't it? I think this is time for one of my special cameras.
11:32This camera films things in slow motion, which means we can see things that are really quick,
11:39like this machine slowed right down. Are you ready? Let's go.
11:47Watch how our three colours of toothpaste are getting pushed into the tubes at the same time,
11:53to make perfect stripes. Now, a stopper is put in the bottom of the tube so the toothpaste doesn't fall
12:01out.
12:04This grabbing arm flips the tubes the right way up and they're ready to go off and be wrapped and
12:09packaged.
12:10The tubes move along here and it looks a bit like a model railway, doesn't it?
12:20Can you hear the sound of the machine?
12:26It's got quite a good beat.
12:31Now, the tubes of toothpaste go to a robot that wraps a label around each one,
12:37puts them inside boxes and then they're ready to go to the shops.
12:43What was your favourite bit about the toothpaste making factory?
12:49Do you remember what my favourite kind of toothpaste is?
12:53That's right, it's stripey.
12:56Did you hear the sound of the machinery as it flipped the toothpaste tubes?
13:06It had a really good beat. Did you dance too?
13:12And did you see the way the toothpaste was put inside the tubes?
13:16That machine was so fast, we had to use my special camera to see it in slow motion.
13:28So now you know how toothpaste is made and how hot water comes out of the taps.
13:34I think it's time I brushed my teeth and had a bath. See you next time.
13:40There are lots of things all around, lots of exciting things that surround us.
13:48But how does it work? Do you know? How is it made? Do you know? Do you know?
13:56Let's find out!
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