Crown Court - The Quest (1975) - video Dailymotion

Jezza

Crown Court: the gripping courtroom drama from the 1970s and 1980s.  Research Scientist Tamara Granowski (Eleanor Bron) is accused of criminal damage: it's alleged that she destroyed thirteen rats belonging to Geoffrey Appleton, rats which were part of immunity experiments being conducted by Appleton. John Barron appears as Judge Mitchenor.

Transcript

00:00:31Tamara Grunowski, a research scientist, is charged with criminal damage.

00:00:36The prosecution alleges that in September of last year,

00:00:39she destroyed 13 animals that were being used for experimental work by Geoffrey Appleton,

00:00:44a scientist researching in the same field as herself.

00:00:47The police testimony has been heard.

00:00:54What is your religion?

00:00:56Agnostic, I will affirm.

00:00:58Raise your right hand and read aloud the words on this card.

00:01:03I do solemnly, sincerely, and truly declare and affirm

00:01:06that the evidence I shall give shall be the truth,

00:01:09the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.

00:01:12You are Geoffrey Roger Appleton of 67 Hope Road, Fulchester?

00:01:16Yes.

00:01:16Are you a postgraduate student at the Horowitz Memorial Laboratories?

00:01:21That's right.

00:01:22And you're a BSc in biochemistry, I believe.

00:01:25Yes.

00:01:25And until recently you were working on a thesis in the Department of Molecular Biology.

00:01:30Yes.

00:01:30Was the subject of your thesis a study of radiation techniques in immunology?

00:01:36It was.

00:01:37And did some of the research entailed in the preparation of this thesis of yours

00:01:41involve subjecting live animals to controlled doses of radiation?

00:01:46It did.

00:01:47Now, immediately before the time with which we are concerned,

00:01:50how many of these animals were you working with?

00:01:54About 60, just over.

00:01:55Yes.

00:01:56And were you in the process of observing the effects that these doses of radiation had on the animals?

00:02:01These animals, Mr Appleton, were they?

00:02:03Rats, my lord.

00:02:05Yes.

00:02:06Yes, I was in the process of observing the doses of radiation on the animals.

00:02:11On the 11th of July last, was there an accident in an adjoining laboratory?

00:02:16Yes.

00:02:18Now, would you tell his lordship and the jury about this, please?

00:02:21One of the laboratories on the same floor as the one in which I work

00:02:25is engaged in making viruses of various types for experimental work.

00:02:30There was an accident in the laboratory and a quantity of virus escaped into the air.

00:02:34What kind of virus was this?

00:02:36It was a cancer virus, MX-07.

00:02:38You say it was a cancer virus, Mr Appleton?

00:02:40Yes.

00:02:41Now, these matters are unfamiliar to most of us.

00:02:44Will you explain what happens in these circumstances when a virus escapes?

00:02:49The building was evacuated, but it wasn't a particularly vigorous virus.

00:02:53There was little or no danger to humans from it.

00:02:57What effect did it have, however?

00:02:59It killed all my rats, except for three.

00:03:03All except three?

00:03:05Yes.

00:03:06And you've said that you were working with more than 60?

00:03:08Yes.

00:03:10I've got to admit the significance didn't strike me immediately.

00:03:13I suppose I was too upset by the death of my rats.

00:03:17When did it strike you that this was significant?

00:03:20The following week, in Paris.

00:03:23I had to attend a conference at the Sorbonne.

00:03:27An American biologist was reading a paper on mutations,

00:03:29and Miss Granoffsky read a paper on her work, which I happened to hear.

00:03:35It was her work concerned with this same virus that you've just mentioned?

00:03:38Yes, MX-07.

00:03:40How did it come about that it was the same virus?

00:03:42The Horowitz Laboratories were making the virus and supplying it to the Blackwell Research Laboratories,

00:03:49which is where Miss Granoffsky works.

00:03:52The Horowitz Laboratories have been working with this virus previously themselves, my lord,

00:03:56but as a result of an agreement, about which we'll be hearing more later in the case,

00:04:01they'd ceased their work in favour of the Blackwell Research Laboratories,

00:04:05and they simply made the virus at the time that we're talking on.

00:04:08I see. Go on.

00:04:10You were telling us, Mr. Appleton,

00:04:12that Miss Granoffsky mentioned something in the paper,

00:04:15which she read at the Paris conference,

00:04:17which set you on the path to appreciating

00:04:20the significance of the survival of those three rats in your laboratory.

00:04:25Yes.

00:04:27Well, can you tell us, without being too technical,

00:04:30what it was that she said?

00:04:32Yes, she was talking about the method by which she made a cell

00:04:36which was not malignant, but which contained a dormant virus in the cytoplasm

00:04:41into a cell which was malignant by activating the virus with radiation.

00:04:47Yes, well, I doubt whether we'll ever quite understand all that,

00:04:51but it was this open, public statement by Miss Granoffsky

00:04:54which suggested the significance of your own work to you.

00:04:58Yes.

00:05:00While you were in Paris, did you meet and talk to Miss Granoffsky?

00:05:04I spoke to her once.

00:05:05I was introduced by the American I've mentioned.

00:05:09I spoke to her about a paper.

00:05:10I might have been a bit cruel about it, but there you see.

00:05:14Did she tell you any more about her work?

00:05:16There's always a certain amount of social palaver at these conferences.

00:05:21I may have seen her more than once,

00:05:22but I only spoke to her once.

00:05:24Yes, yes, yes.

00:05:25But did she tell you any more about her work

00:05:28except what you'd gathered from her paper?

00:05:31No, no, we didn't talk about it, except

00:05:33I told her I didn't think an awful lot of it.

00:05:35I thought some of the experimental details were rather sketchy.

00:05:39But did she divulge any secrets, confidences to you?

00:05:44No.

00:05:46On your return to England, what did you do?

00:05:48The three survivors were a mother and two young,

00:05:51a male and a female.

00:05:53I dissected the older female and took some tissue,

00:05:55which I examined and did tests with.

00:05:59And I concluded from these tests

00:06:01that the animal was resistant.

00:06:05The nucleus of the cell had not been entered,

00:06:08and therefore the animal was resistant to this virus.

00:06:11What was your reaction to this?

00:06:13Well, it was early days, but

00:06:16it was remarkable.

00:06:19Quite remarkable.

00:06:21Certainly, Miss Gronofsky had not come up with a cell that was resistant,

00:06:24let alone an animal that was resistant.

00:06:26When you say resistant, you mean resistant to cancer?

00:06:29To this particular cancer virus, yes.

00:06:31Are there many different cancer viruses?

00:06:34Oh, yes.

00:06:35I mean, one doesn't know, but one would suspect thousands.

00:06:39But I don't want to mislead you.

00:06:41This wasn't the cure for cancer.

00:06:44This wasn't the answer that everyone is searching for.

00:06:47Far from it.

00:06:47But it might have contained the answer.

00:06:52It might have provided the handle

00:06:55whereby the answer could be discovered.

00:06:57Having established that this animal had been resistant,

00:07:00what did you do?

00:07:03Well, you realize I'd only got two animals left,

00:07:05so the first thing to do was to increase my stock.

00:07:08Did this take some time?

00:07:09Indeed.

00:07:10I bred from this brother and sister until I had 13 animals.

00:07:14I did tests on all the litters,

00:07:15and I found that the animals were all of the same resistant strain.

00:07:20Now, at this time, there was an agreement

00:07:23between the Horowitz Laboratories, where you were working,

00:07:25and the Blackwell Research Laboratories,

00:07:27where Miss Gronofsky was working,

00:07:30whereby for certain concessions,

00:07:32the Horowitz would not engage in any research in this field.

00:07:36That is, the one in which you were becoming engaged.

00:07:39Now, were you aware of this agreement?

00:07:41Yes.

00:07:42Didn't you feel that you should not pursue your research because of it?

00:07:46No, no, the agreement was an old one.

00:07:48It had been in force for three years,

00:07:49and in the light of this discovery,

00:07:50it seems to have any validity, as far as I could see.

00:07:54During the course of your experiments,

00:07:56did you visit Miss Gronofsky at the Blackwell Research Laboratories?

00:08:01Yes.

00:08:02Did you make this trip especially to see her?

00:08:06No, I was in London anyway.

00:08:08Well, why did you visit her?

00:08:10I had time on my hands,

00:08:12and I had it in mind to talk to her about my discovery.

00:08:15Did you talk to her about it?

00:08:18No.

00:08:18Why not?

00:08:20I found her manner very off-putting,

00:08:24and I was afraid she might refuse to cooperate and tell Hutton,

00:08:29and that would be that.

00:08:30He would stop the work.

00:08:31Yes.

00:08:31Now, you're referring to Sir Walter Hutton,

00:08:33who is the director of the Horowitz.

00:08:36Yes.

00:08:37So what did you talk about during this meeting?

00:08:42Scientific small talk, really.

00:08:44I asked her how her work was progressing.

00:08:48She muttered something about it being all right,

00:08:50and then we talked about the work of a mutual acquaintance at University College.

00:08:54When you asked how her work was progressing,

00:08:58did she tell you anything which might have been of value to you?

00:09:02No.

00:09:03You see, Mr Appleton,

00:09:04it might appear that you were cribbing her work.

00:09:07Anything she could have told me at this stage

00:09:09would have been precious little value to me.

00:09:11But if she didn't talk about it, how could you be sure?

00:09:13Because I was aware of her experiments.

00:09:15I'd read her paper,

00:09:16and I knew that I was somewhere past the stage that she had yet to reach.

00:09:20So if I understand you correctly,

00:09:22Mr Appleton,

00:09:23you visited her with the intention of sharing your greater knowledge,

00:09:27but ended up merely by making scientific small talk.

00:09:30That is a way of putting it.

00:09:31Yes, go on.

00:09:31Not one that I would have chosen.

00:09:33Yes, I merely wish to confirm my opinion,

00:09:36my understanding,

00:09:37that your visit was of a philanthropic nature,

00:09:39Mr Appleton.

00:09:42Do you think that there was anything in what you said or did during this visit

00:09:48that might have led Miss Gronofsky to suppose that your purpose in being there

00:09:51was to spy on her work?

00:09:54I'm sure there wasn't.

00:09:57Now, sometime after your visit to Miss Gronofsky in London,

00:10:00you invited her to look at your work, did you not?

00:10:02Yes.

00:10:03Yes, I did.

00:10:04Did she ask why you thought this work would interest her?

00:10:08Yes.

00:10:09What did you tell her?

00:10:11I told her about the accident in the adjoining laboratory

00:10:14and I told her that what I was going to show her

00:10:15was from one of the animals that had died from the release of this virus.

00:10:20Her virus, as she called it.

00:10:23She called it her virus?

00:10:24That's correct.

00:10:25In conversation, she had this habit of referring to it as my virus,

00:10:31rather unkindly, we used to call it Granny's virus in the laboratory amongst ourselves.

00:10:37Well, did you think that since you were both now working on the same virus,

00:10:41it would be helpful to hear her comments on your work?

00:10:44Yes, I did.

00:10:45And so on September 6th last, did Miss Gronofsky come to Fulchester to see your work?

00:10:51Yes.

00:10:52Before you showed her the work,

00:10:54did you say anything to explain how you came to be doing it?

00:10:58Yes, I made it absolutely clear that the work was the result of an accident,

00:11:02that there had been no deliberate breach of the agreement between the two laboratories.

00:11:06And when you said that to her, what was her reply?

00:11:09That she was grateful for the opportunity to look at the work

00:11:13and that she accepted the explanation.

00:11:16What was her demeanor, or her reaction, to what she imagined you to be doing?

00:11:23She seemed almost indifferent.

00:11:27And did that attitude persist when she looked at the work?

00:11:33No, it changed completely.

00:11:35Would you tell us about that, please?

00:11:37Within ten minutes of me starting to show her the work,

00:11:39I started by showing her the electron micrograph of one of the nuclear membranes

00:11:43of one of the resistance cells, she became extremely angry.

00:11:46She told me, stop.

00:11:49She told me she didn't want to see any more.

00:11:52She called me a snake in the grass.

00:11:55You say that she said she didn't want to see any more?

00:11:57Yes.

00:11:59It's one of those typical things, isn't it?

00:12:00No sooner had she said it,

00:12:02than she was demanding to see what controls I'd used, and so on.

00:12:05In other words, she said she didn't want to see any more,

00:12:07and then she demanded to see more.

00:12:09Absolutely.

00:12:10She insisted that my work was not conclusive,

00:12:12that my techniques were weak,

00:12:14but the one thing she never made any headway with

00:12:19was the basic conclusion of the work.

00:12:22But then again, she...

00:12:25she has that way that women have

00:12:27of ducking the unpleasant point at the moment of confrontation.

00:12:32What was the unpleasant point in this case, Mr. Appleton?

00:12:34That here was tissue

00:12:37that was resistant to her virus,

00:12:39something that in six years of work

00:12:41she had not been able to produce,

00:12:43and that any gentleman's agreement

00:12:45that existed between the two laboratories

00:12:46could not now prevent me from continuing with this work.

00:12:53I see.

00:12:55Well, I think after hearing so many technicalities,

00:12:59Mr. Harvesty,

00:13:01it would be better to adjourn now

00:13:02and resume after lunch.

00:13:32all stand

00:13:43my lord I'd like to recall

00:13:45Geoffrey Appleton to the witness box

00:13:51I would remind you that you are still

00:13:52on earth Mr Appleton

00:13:56ah Mr Appleton

00:13:58during this part of the talk

00:14:00of yours with Miss Gronofsky where were you

00:14:03in my room this is

00:14:04just off the laboratory

00:14:06was Miss Gronofsky behaving more calmly now

00:14:10yes

00:14:11was there any discussion

00:14:12about what course of action you'd take

00:14:14in the future

00:14:15yes

00:14:17tell us about that please

00:14:20she wanted all the work transferred to her

00:14:23tell the court in detail please what she wanted

00:14:26she wanted all my experimental data

00:14:28the rats of the resistant strain

00:14:29transferred to her at the Blackwell Research Laboratory

00:14:32but hadn't she said that the work you were doing was worthless

00:14:34yes

00:14:36did you not point out the paradox to her

00:14:38no I've got to admit that in the heat of the moment

00:14:40the irony of her suggestion didn't strike me

00:14:44what was your reply to the suggestion

00:14:45absolutely no that's all

00:14:47and was that the end of the interview

00:14:48yes she went

00:14:49now Mr Appleton I'd like to

00:14:51recap on some details

00:14:53that are rather important

00:14:54first of all

00:14:56when Miss Gronofsky arrived

00:14:58at the Horowitz Laboratory

00:14:59for this meeting

00:15:01where did you and she meet

00:15:02in the entrance hall

00:15:04were you there already before she arrived

00:15:06or vice versa

00:15:08I was there first

00:15:10now in the entrance hall

00:15:11there's a porter's lodge

00:15:12is there not

00:15:13and there's a porter

00:15:14lodge keeper

00:15:15what you will

00:15:15whose job it is

00:15:17to direct people

00:15:18visitors

00:15:19generally to

00:15:20see that things are alright

00:15:21yes there is

00:15:23yes

00:15:24this gentleman will be appearing later my lord

00:15:25tell me the fact that

00:15:27you were waiting

00:15:28to meet Miss Gronofsky

00:15:29meant that

00:15:30she didn't have to consult

00:15:31this lodge porter

00:15:32did she

00:15:33no no

00:15:33she came straight through the doors

00:15:35I greeted her and took her straight down to the laboratory

00:15:37yes I see

00:15:38it's a small but

00:15:40as it will transpire

00:15:41a very important point

00:15:43now part of your conversation

00:15:45your interview with Miss Gronofsky

00:15:48took place in this room

00:15:49adjoining the laboratory

00:15:51yes

00:15:52while you were in that room

00:15:54did anyone else come in

00:15:57yes

00:15:57who

00:15:59a student came in

00:16:01for the key for the irradiating unit

00:16:03ah now irradiating unit

00:16:05would you tell

00:16:06the court please

00:16:07what that is precisely

00:16:08it's a piece of equipment

00:16:10I use in my research

00:16:12which is used to administer

00:16:15extremely controlled

00:16:16doses of radiation

00:16:17to animals

00:16:18and is it a dangerous

00:16:19piece of equipment

00:16:20it can be

00:16:21is that why it has a key

00:16:22yes

00:16:22is access to the use

00:16:24of this machine

00:16:25restricted

00:16:26yes to people whose work

00:16:28officially requires it

00:16:29would it be possible

00:16:31to use this machine

00:16:32without the key

00:16:33no

00:16:34and was this the machine

00:16:36that was used

00:16:37that was the instrument

00:16:38by which your rats perished

00:16:44yes it was

00:16:45and you are positive

00:16:46that this student

00:16:47came in and asked

00:16:48for the key

00:16:49while Miss Gronofsky

00:16:50was there in the room

00:16:51absolutely certain

00:16:53where did you take it from

00:16:54when you gave it to him

00:16:56the top drawer of my desk

00:16:58and so Miss Gronofsky

00:17:00had the opportunity

00:17:01to see where it was kept

00:17:03yes

00:17:04very well

00:17:07the day after Miss Gronofsky's visit

00:17:09did Sir Walter Hutton

00:17:10ask to speak to you

00:17:12yes

00:17:12did you show him

00:17:14your work

00:17:14yes I pointed out

00:17:16the importance of the discovery

00:17:17and asked him to allow me

00:17:19to continue with this work

00:17:20when did you next speak

00:17:22to Miss Gronofsky

00:17:24eight days later

00:17:25did you telephone her

00:17:26yes

00:17:27would you tell the court

00:17:28please what was said

00:17:30I told her that Sir Walter

00:17:31had spoken to me

00:17:32and

00:17:34I told her what I'd said

00:17:35but

00:17:35that I had no intention

00:17:37of stopping my research

00:17:39I explained carefully

00:17:40that I felt no moral obligation

00:17:42to discontinue

00:17:42since

00:17:43our approaches to the problem

00:17:45were so different

00:17:46I also asked her

00:17:47why she was so anxious

00:17:48for me to discontinue the work

00:17:50if

00:17:51if she didn't think

00:17:51that I was a threat to her

00:17:52that is to her

00:17:53supremacy in this field

00:17:55what did she reply to that

00:17:58nothing really

00:18:01she was abusive

00:18:03she went on about my methods

00:18:06red herrings

00:18:08she never actually answered

00:18:09a straightforward question

00:18:11with a straightforward answer

00:18:12would you say she was upset

00:18:13yes very emotional

00:18:15did she say anything

00:18:16about what she intended to do

00:18:17yes she said

00:18:18she was going to get the work stopped

00:18:21what did you think

00:18:22she meant to do

00:18:23I simply thought

00:18:24that she would try

00:18:24and get the

00:18:26agreement between the two laboratories

00:18:27rigidly enforced

00:18:28but you didn't take it as a threat

00:18:30to destroy the animals

00:18:31I object to this insinuation

00:18:33oh no no no

00:18:33no insinuation is intended

00:18:35my lord

00:18:35quite the reverse

00:18:36I simply seek to show

00:18:37that this witness

00:18:38did not

00:18:39fear a threat

00:18:40to

00:18:40yes yes yes

00:18:41one might otherwise suspect

00:18:44or ask

00:18:45why some measures

00:18:46were not taken

00:18:46in order to protect the animals

00:18:48yes precisely

00:18:49yes

00:18:50yes go on

00:18:52thank you my lord

00:18:52to reiterate

00:18:53mr appleton

00:18:54you did not take this

00:18:55as a threat

00:18:57no

00:18:58during the course

00:18:59of this telephone call

00:19:01did you say anything

00:19:02that may have

00:19:03taunted her

00:19:04may have

00:19:04offended her

00:19:06I think I might have done

00:19:08I said she was quite welcome

00:19:09to become my assistant

00:19:11now did that not seem

00:19:12rather unkind

00:19:13under the circumstances

00:19:15I regret it

00:19:16I was angry

00:19:17and overworked

00:19:19let us move on now

00:19:20to Wednesday

00:19:21the 25th of September

00:19:23last

00:19:23that's the day

00:19:24on which these rats

00:19:25were destroyed

00:19:27what did you do

00:19:27during the morning

00:19:29of that day

00:19:31I assisted

00:19:32Professor Bell

00:19:32with one of his lectures

00:19:33he was demonstrating

00:19:34radiation techniques

00:19:35was it normal practice

00:19:36for you to assist

00:19:37Professor Bell

00:19:38on Wednesday mornings

00:19:38yes

00:19:39do you have a lecture

00:19:40timetable

00:19:41yes

00:19:41is it on display

00:19:42yes in the room

00:19:43where I spoke to

00:19:43Miss Gronowski

00:19:45when you returned

00:19:45from assisting

00:19:46Professor Bell

00:19:47did you notice

00:19:48anything untoward

00:19:48with the animals

00:19:50no

00:19:50at what time

00:19:51did you return

00:19:52after lunch

00:19:53about 1.45

00:19:55so what time

00:19:56did you notice

00:19:56that all was not

00:19:58as it should be

00:19:59I came into the laboratory

00:20:01during the night

00:20:02why was that

00:20:03it was another piece

00:20:04of research

00:20:05I was engaged on

00:20:06my lord

00:20:06it required

00:20:07that I made observations

00:20:08every four hours

00:20:10what did you notice

00:20:11about the rats

00:20:11on this occasion

00:20:13one of them

00:20:14appeared to be

00:20:16sickening

00:20:17what did you do

00:20:18nothing at first

00:20:19I was

00:20:20I was too busy

00:20:21with

00:20:22well

00:20:23what I'd come in

00:20:24to do

00:20:24and then

00:20:26I noticed

00:20:27that the one

00:20:27I've mentioned

00:20:28and two others

00:20:28had not

00:20:30eaten

00:20:31their last feed

00:20:32you noticed

00:20:33anything else

00:20:35yes

00:20:36what

00:20:38they were not

00:20:39in their correct cages

00:20:41they'd been

00:20:43swapped about

00:20:45what did you do

00:20:46when you realized this

00:20:49I took one of the animals

00:20:51one of the ones

00:20:52that are not fed

00:20:52and did a blood test

00:20:53on it

00:20:54you did this immediately

00:20:55yes it was a nuisance

00:20:56I was in my pajamas

00:20:57what was the result

00:20:58of this blood test

00:21:01it showed that the animal

00:21:03had been

00:21:04subjected to

00:21:06an intense

00:21:08dose of radiation

00:21:10what did it mean

00:21:13that it would die

00:21:15did you test the other animals

00:21:16yes

00:21:17yes

00:21:18concentrate

00:21:19Mr Appleton

00:21:20speak up

00:21:22yes all of them

00:21:23all

00:21:23what did you find

00:21:25that they had all been

00:21:26subjected to similar

00:21:27doses of radiation

00:21:28yes there's a report

00:21:30prepared by the police

00:21:31laboratories

00:21:32which is agreed by the

00:21:34defense my lord

00:21:34which confirms what

00:21:35this witness is saying

00:21:37how many

00:21:38how many rats

00:21:40were there at

00:21:41at this stage

00:21:42Mr Appleton

00:21:4313

00:21:43did the results

00:21:44of the blood test

00:21:45show that they would

00:21:46all die

00:21:48yes

00:21:48just a minute

00:21:53was there no method

00:21:54of saving these animals

00:21:56no no

00:21:57no

00:21:57was any attempt

00:21:58made to do so

00:21:59there is no way

00:22:00no way

00:22:00what did you do next

00:22:03I

00:22:03I checked

00:22:04the irradiating unit

00:22:06it had been used

00:22:08it had been used

00:22:09to administer doses

00:22:10of radiation

00:22:10corresponding to those

00:22:11which I found

00:22:12in the animals

00:22:13now you've told us

00:22:14that you had the custody

00:22:15of this key

00:22:16yes

00:22:17no

00:22:18no no no

00:22:19no

00:22:20that was on the 6th

00:22:21of September

00:22:22am I not right

00:22:23Mr Harvesty

00:22:24the witness has not

00:22:25said that he had the custody

00:22:26of this key

00:22:26at the time we've now reached

00:22:27indeed I do apologize

00:22:28I did indeed still have it

00:22:30on that day

00:22:31Mr Appleton

00:22:32was there no college regulation

00:22:34regarding the custody

00:22:36of this key

00:22:36yes the registrar

00:22:37normally kept it

00:22:38well then how is it

00:22:38that you had it

00:22:39in your possession

00:22:40for such a long period

00:22:41of time

00:22:41laziness my lord

00:22:42I didn't bother

00:22:42to give it back

00:22:43when I should have done

00:22:43oh I see

00:22:45when you checked

00:22:46was the key

00:22:47still where you'd left it

00:22:48yes

00:22:49had anyone

00:22:51asked for it

00:22:51during the course

00:22:52of the day

00:22:52no

00:22:53it's true therefore

00:22:54that whoever used

00:22:55the irradiating unit

00:22:57would have had to have

00:22:58known where to look

00:22:59for the key

00:23:00yes

00:23:01was there any sign

00:23:03that they'd had to search

00:23:04I mean was there a mess

00:23:05no they'd apparently

00:23:06gone straight to it

00:23:07yes

00:23:08the jury will remember

00:23:09that the witness

00:23:10has told us

00:23:11that Miss Granovsky

00:23:12was in the room

00:23:13when the key

00:23:14was handed to a student

00:23:16yes

00:23:16do you think

00:23:17that the irradiation

00:23:18of these animals

00:23:18could have been an accident

00:23:20no there's a device

00:23:21on the unit

00:23:22which absolutely

00:23:22rules this out

00:23:24could it have been

00:23:25a malicious joke

00:23:25on the part of

00:23:26someone in the college

00:23:28no

00:23:30there is no one

00:23:31in the college

00:23:32who bears you

00:23:33sufficient ill will

00:23:34to do this thing

00:23:38no

00:23:40what happened

00:23:40to the animals

00:23:43by six o'clock

00:23:44the following day

00:23:45the last one

00:23:45had died

00:23:47did that mean

00:23:48the end of your work

00:23:49in this subject

00:23:50yes

00:23:51it was the

00:23:53the end of the

00:23:54resistant strain

00:23:55there was

00:23:56no way of

00:23:57recreating it

00:23:58so the death

00:24:00of these animals

00:24:00meant that you

00:24:02were no longer

00:24:03working in competition

00:24:04with Miss Granovsky

00:24:07yes

00:24:07yes it did

00:24:26the case

00:24:27of the Queen

00:24:27against Granovsky

00:24:28will be resumed

00:24:29tomorrow

00:24:29in the Crown Court

00:24:55yesterday

00:24:55Geoffrey Appleton

00:24:57told the court

00:24:58how he had found

00:24:59thirteen rats

00:25:00that he had been

00:25:00using for

00:25:01experimental work

00:25:02on a cancer virus

00:25:03had been killed

00:25:04while he was

00:25:04absent from his

00:25:05laboratory

00:25:06Tamara Granovsky

00:25:07stands charged

00:25:08with committing

00:25:09the crime

00:25:09you spoke to

00:25:12Miss Granovsky

00:25:13on only one

00:25:13occasion in Paris

00:25:15that's correct

00:25:15well my client

00:25:17will say that

00:25:17she

00:25:17you pursued her

00:25:19constantly

00:25:22and you asked

00:25:22her whether

00:25:23she had any

00:25:24suspicions

00:25:24as to where

00:25:25the resistance

00:25:26to this cancer virus

00:25:28you both were

00:25:28working with

00:25:29might be found

00:25:30did you not

00:25:31no I didn't

00:25:32and she told you

00:25:33did she not

00:25:34that she believed

00:25:34or suspected

00:25:35that the seat

00:25:36of resistance

00:25:37would be found

00:25:38in the structure

00:25:39of the wall

00:25:40of the nucleus

00:25:41of the cell

00:25:41the nuclear membrane

00:25:43as I believe

00:25:44you called it

00:25:45she didn't mention

00:25:46the nuclear membrane

00:25:47well my client

00:25:48will say that

00:25:49she did

00:25:49and that you

00:25:50showed great

00:25:51interest in it

00:25:53no

00:25:54now Mr Appleton

00:25:55when you visited

00:25:55Miss Granovsky

00:25:56in London

00:25:57at the Blackwell

00:25:58Research Laboratories

00:25:59you were specially

00:26:00asked to see

00:26:01some electron

00:26:02micrographs

00:26:03of the nuclear

00:26:03membrane

00:26:04that she had made

00:26:05in the course

00:26:06of her work

00:26:06no I saw nothing

00:26:08of her work

00:26:08in London

00:26:09she will say

00:26:10that you did

00:26:10she will say

00:26:11that you asked

00:26:12to see

00:26:12showed particular

00:26:13interest in

00:26:14this one set

00:26:15of prints

00:26:16it's simply

00:26:17not true

00:26:17it is the case

00:26:19is it not

00:26:19Mr Appleton

00:26:20that since this

00:26:21was not

00:26:21it is not

00:26:22your field

00:26:23you were

00:26:24continually forced

00:26:25to use

00:26:26Miss Granovsky's

00:26:27technical skill

00:26:28and hard work

00:26:29to take shortcuts

00:26:31with the work

00:26:31that Providence

00:26:33had placed

00:26:33in your hands

00:26:35no

00:26:36this was your reason

00:26:37for following

00:26:38Miss Granovsky

00:26:38from Paris to London

00:26:39and then inviting her

00:26:40up to Fulchester

00:26:41wasn't it

00:26:42I didn't follow her

00:26:44I went to Paris

00:26:45where Miss Granovsky

00:26:46happened to be

00:26:47but why

00:26:48Mr Appleton

00:26:49while you were there

00:26:50in Paris

00:26:51did you not

00:26:52mention your

00:26:52discovery to her

00:26:56because the

00:26:57significance

00:26:58had not occurred

00:26:58to me

00:26:59why did you

00:27:00still make no

00:27:00mention of it

00:27:01when you visited

00:27:02her in London

00:27:04I was under

00:27:04no obligation

00:27:05to do so

00:27:06surely there is

00:27:07a code of ethics

00:27:08Mr Appleton

00:27:09that requires you

00:27:09stop well short

00:27:10of pumping

00:27:11fellow scientists

00:27:12about their own

00:27:12work when you

00:27:13were secretly

00:27:13engaged in a

00:27:14similar study

00:27:15that is not

00:27:16what I was doing

00:27:17does it surprise

00:27:18you when I tell

00:27:19you that that

00:27:19is how it

00:27:20appeared to

00:27:20Miss Granovsky

00:27:21when she visited

00:27:21you in London

00:27:23at your invitation

00:27:25I had not been

00:27:26pumping her

00:27:26about her work

00:27:27does it surprise

00:27:28you that that

00:27:29is how it

00:27:29appeared to her

00:27:30yes frankly

00:27:31it does

00:27:31well it may not

00:27:32surprise the jury

00:27:34the prosecution

00:27:35has made great

00:27:36play on the

00:27:38anger shown

00:27:39by Miss Granovsky

00:27:39when she saw

00:27:40your work

00:27:41and it's been

00:27:41implied that

00:27:42this anger

00:27:43was a result

00:27:43of her

00:27:44realisation

00:27:45that you

00:27:46had surpassed

00:27:47her in her

00:27:48own field

00:27:49but the truth

00:27:50is that she

00:27:51felt betrayed

00:27:51and disgusted

00:27:52when she saw

00:27:53the way in which

00:27:54you had used

00:27:55her

00:27:55is that not so

00:27:56if she felt

00:27:57that way

00:27:57she was wrong

00:27:58but what she

00:27:59saw

00:27:59apart of course

00:28:00from this

00:28:01so called

00:28:01resistant strain

00:28:02of wonder rats

00:28:03what she saw

00:28:04was an almost

00:28:05exact replica

00:28:06of her own work

00:28:07repeated by you

00:28:09under her

00:28:09unwitting tuition

00:28:10wasn't it

00:28:11no

00:28:14now you told

00:28:15my friend

00:28:16that Miss

00:28:16Granovsky

00:28:17asked that

00:28:18the rats

00:28:18should be

00:28:19transferred to

00:28:20her laboratory

00:28:20for examination

00:28:21for her to

00:28:23work with

00:28:23you said that

00:28:24the irony

00:28:25of this request

00:28:26in the light

00:28:27of her scorn

00:28:28for your work

00:28:29generally

00:28:29the irony

00:28:30did not strike

00:28:31you in the

00:28:32heat of the

00:28:33moment

00:28:35yes

00:28:35they were

00:28:36your words

00:28:37if you say

00:28:38so

00:28:38so your

00:28:39interview

00:28:40with Miss

00:28:40Granovsky

00:28:41was heated

00:28:42she became

00:28:43angry

00:28:43very

00:28:44no

00:28:44Mr Appleton

00:28:45you misunderstand

00:28:46me

00:28:46you became

00:28:47heated

00:28:47did you not

00:28:48I

00:28:51I may have

00:28:52become

00:28:52yes

00:28:52now was this

00:28:53because she said

00:28:54that your work

00:28:54was poor

00:28:55and inconclusive

00:28:56because by saying

00:28:57so it was

00:28:57untrue

00:28:58I'd

00:29:01I mean it

00:29:01wasn't

00:29:02what exactly

00:29:03do you mean

00:29:04Mr Appleton

00:29:06that was

00:29:07one of the

00:29:07reasons

00:29:08and because

00:29:09I knew

00:29:09that when

00:29:09she said

00:29:09that

00:29:10it was

00:29:10untrue

00:29:11why

00:29:12having

00:29:12sought

00:29:13her

00:29:13authoritative

00:29:14comment

00:29:14were you

00:29:15so unwilling

00:29:15to accept

00:29:16it when

00:29:17it came

00:29:17because she

00:29:18was prejudiced

00:29:22now you've

00:29:23told the court

00:29:23and it's

00:29:24confirmed by the

00:29:25police laboratory

00:29:26report that the

00:29:26rats were killed

00:29:27by an excessive

00:29:28dose of radiation

00:29:29which was

00:29:30administered in the

00:29:31machine the

00:29:32irradiating unit

00:29:33which was kept in

00:29:34the room

00:29:34adjoining the

00:29:35laboratory

00:29:36yes

00:29:36would you please

00:29:37describe for his

00:29:39lordship and the

00:29:39jury what the

00:29:40person who destroyed

00:29:41the rats would have

00:29:42had to have done

00:29:43in the way of

00:29:43removing them from

00:29:44their cages and so

00:29:45my lord since the

00:29:47defense doesn't

00:29:47dispute that this is

00:29:49how the rats were

00:29:49destroyed must we

00:29:50really go through

00:29:51all this

00:29:51Mr Lutterby

00:29:52with respect my

00:29:53lord I think the

00:29:54jury should be

00:29:55entitled to judge

00:29:56whether it is

00:29:57likely that a

00:29:57stranger to the

00:29:58laboratory and

00:29:59especially someone

00:30:00of Mr Granoffsky's

00:30:02temperament would

00:30:03have used this

00:30:04as I think we

00:30:06shall see

00:30:06cumbersome

00:30:07method

00:30:07yes yes yes

00:30:09I will allow

00:30:09this go on

00:30:10thank you my

00:30:10lord

00:30:11would you please

00:30:12describe the

00:30:13process for the

00:30:14jury Mr Appleton

00:30:17well they take

00:30:18the rats from the

00:30:18cages put them in

00:30:19the machine and

00:30:20then put them

00:30:20back in the

00:30:21cages

00:30:21well I see I

00:30:23shall have to

00:30:23help you Mr

00:30:24Appleton

00:30:24now are the

00:30:26rats kept in

00:30:27separate cages

00:30:29yes

00:30:30separate cages

00:30:31now how many

00:30:32rats could one

00:30:33carry at one

00:30:34time

00:30:36at least two

00:30:38probably

00:30:39well let's agree

00:30:39on two then

00:30:40now there were

00:30:41thirteen rats so

00:30:42that means seven

00:30:43journeys opening

00:30:44the cage with one

00:30:45hand whilst holding

00:30:47a rat in the

00:30:48other feeling about

00:30:49inside the cage for

00:30:50another rat catching

00:30:52the rat with one

00:30:53hand and then

00:30:55what

00:30:56it would simply be

00:30:57a matter of putting

00:30:58them in the

00:30:59radiating unit and

00:31:00switching it on

00:31:18to the cage is

00:31:25precisely the whole

00:31:26operation would have

00:31:27to be performed in

00:31:28reverse with all the

00:31:29attendant risks of the

00:31:30rodents escaping from

00:31:32this sinister oven which

00:31:34is by now brimming over

00:31:35with them if you're

00:31:37right Mr Appleton

00:31:38Miss Kronoski a stranger

00:31:39to the laboratory whose

00:31:40very presence would

00:31:41arouse suspicion employed

00:31:43a rather baroque method

00:31:45of extermination

00:31:48I mean how much simpler

00:31:50would it have been for

00:31:51her to arm herself with a

00:31:52syringe of arsenic or

00:31:53some other quicker means

00:31:55of disposing of these

00:31:56rodents

00:32:00now Mr Appleton you say

00:32:02that you were waiting to

00:32:04meet Miss Kronoski when

00:32:05she arrived for her

00:32:06visit

00:32:06yes

00:32:07were you waiting

00:32:09actually in the

00:32:09entrance hall

00:32:10yes

00:32:11was she punctual

00:32:12no she was ten minutes

00:32:14late

00:32:14but you waited all the

00:32:16same

00:32:16yes I was about to tell

00:32:18the lodge porter to

00:32:20look out for her when

00:32:21she arrived

00:32:21well my client instructs

00:32:23me that you were not in

00:32:23the hall when she

00:32:24arrived

00:32:25no

00:32:26my instructions are

00:32:27that she was asking

00:32:27the porter's lodge for

00:32:28you when you appeared

00:32:30that is not the case

00:32:32Mr Appleton once you

00:32:33got over the shock of

00:32:34discovering this awful

00:32:35tragedy how soon did

00:32:37it occur to you that it

00:32:38was the work of Miss

00:32:39Kronoski

00:32:42immediately

00:32:43oh well at least you're

00:32:44frank about that Mr Appleton

00:32:46and no doubt the jury

00:32:47will understand why you

00:32:48jumped so swiftly to that

00:32:50conclusion so at about

00:32:51what time during that

00:32:52night would your

00:32:53conviction that Miss

00:32:54Kronoski was the

00:32:55culprit have formed

00:32:57by about

00:33:00three o'clock

00:33:01now at about what time

00:33:03did you talk to the

00:33:06porter Mr Pritchett

00:33:07about your alleged

00:33:08visitor the next day was it

00:33:10yes when he came on to you

00:33:11at eight o'clock the

00:33:12following morning

00:33:13so by the time you spoke

00:33:14to him you had been

00:33:15harboring this viper in

00:33:17your breast for what

00:33:18five hours

00:33:19I had been convinced

00:33:21that that's where the

00:33:22blame lay

00:33:23and you showed the porter

00:33:24a photograph of Miss

00:33:26Kronoski and asked him

00:33:27if that was the woman

00:33:29who had called on you

00:33:31yes

00:33:32did you not suggest to him

00:33:34that that was the woman

00:33:35who had called on you

00:33:37no I simply asked

00:33:38must not your manner at

00:33:40least have suggested the

00:33:41conviction that this was

00:33:43the woman

00:33:45I don't think so

00:33:46you were asking the

00:33:47court to believe that

00:33:48you remained perfectly

00:33:49neutral under all these

00:33:52trying circumstances

00:33:54I think I did

00:33:56really

00:33:58no further questions

00:34:01you're all right no

00:34:02re-examination my lord

00:34:03very well

00:34:04thank you

00:34:04you may leave the witness

00:34:05box Mr Appleton

00:34:08I call Victor Grayson

00:34:10Pritchett

00:34:12Victor Grayson

00:34:13Pritchett please

00:34:19what is your religion

00:34:20Church of England

00:34:21take the bible in your

00:34:22right hand and read aloud

00:34:24the words on this card

00:34:27I swear by almighty God

00:34:29that the evidence I

00:34:29shall give

00:34:30shall be the truth

00:34:31the whole truth

00:34:32and nothing but the truth

00:34:33you are Victor Grayson

00:34:35Pritchett of Little

00:34:37North Street

00:34:37Fulchester

00:34:38yes

00:34:38now you're the

00:34:40lodge porter at the

00:34:41Horowitz Memorial

00:34:42Laboratories

00:34:42yes

00:34:43how long have you been

00:34:44lodge porter

00:34:45Mr Pritchett

00:34:45um

00:34:46twelve years

00:34:49would it be easy for a

00:34:50stranger to enter the

00:34:51building where you're

00:34:52lodge porter

00:34:53and wander around

00:34:55without being challenged

00:34:56it would yes

00:34:57would you automatically

00:34:59stop anyone

00:35:00from entering the building

00:35:02well not unless they

00:35:03looked lost or suspicious

00:35:05you know

00:35:05so your job if I'm

00:35:07correct is to act more

00:35:08as a guide than a guard

00:35:10yes

00:35:10how is it that a person

00:35:12can wander about so easily

00:35:13well my lord there's over

00:35:15a thousand new students

00:35:16every year and their

00:35:16friends come in from you

00:35:17know well I mean you've

00:35:18never seen half of them

00:35:19in your life before

00:35:20you say students but are

00:35:21not these students of a

00:35:22wide range of ages

00:35:23for students yes

00:35:25there's mature students

00:35:27you know I mean the

00:35:27sort you'd never think of

00:35:28as students

00:35:29yes could I for example

00:35:30wander around quite easily

00:35:32without uh

00:35:33without attracting attention

00:35:35if you wasn't wearing

00:35:36your wig yes

00:35:37I mean if you didn't

00:35:38look lost I wouldn't

00:35:39interfere I mean as

00:35:40for the students and

00:35:41the staff I mean they're

00:35:41so busy with themselves

00:35:42they don't know where

00:35:43they are I mean the

00:35:43place could fall down

00:35:44around their ears

00:35:45they wouldn't know

00:35:45yes now Mr Pritchett

00:35:47on September the 25th

00:35:49last did a woman come

00:35:51into the building

00:35:52yes

00:35:53do you see that woman

00:35:55in court

00:35:55I do over there

00:35:58the defendant

00:35:59yes

00:36:15besides the vast new

00:36:17influx of new students

00:36:19of this time Mr Pritchett

00:36:20were there also new

00:36:22members of staff

00:36:22faculty yes there were

00:36:2522 this year

00:36:2622 new members

00:36:28yeah

00:36:28so what with all the

00:36:29new students and the

00:36:31new members of faculty

00:36:32that's quite a throng

00:36:33for you to keep track of

00:36:34am I right

00:36:35yeah

00:36:36now you say that

00:36:38you saw Miss Kronoski

00:36:40on the 25th of September

00:36:42yes that's right I did

00:36:43yeah

00:36:44did you not in fact

00:36:45see her on the 6th of

00:36:47September

00:36:48no

00:36:49you do know that she

00:36:51visited Miss Appleton

00:36:52on the 6th of September

00:36:53well I have been told

00:36:54that she did but I

00:36:55didn't see her

00:36:56well I'm instructed

00:36:57that she spoke to you

00:36:59on that occasion

00:37:00well

00:37:01I don't think so

00:37:04well we've heard

00:37:04that Miss Appleton

00:37:05came and spoke to you

00:37:06on the 26th of September

00:37:08in the morning

00:37:09that is the day after

00:37:10the crime was committed

00:37:12now

00:37:12when he spoke to you

00:37:14were you aware

00:37:15that a crime

00:37:15had been committed

00:37:16no I wasn't

00:37:18now we've heard

00:37:19that Mr Appleton

00:37:20showed you a photograph

00:37:21of Miss Kronoski

00:37:22yes that's right

00:37:23he did yes

00:37:23may the witness

00:37:25be shown exhibit 3

00:37:26please

00:37:31was this the photograph

00:37:33that he showed you

00:37:34yes that's right

00:37:37rather blurred image

00:37:44are there no copies of this

00:37:46I'm afraid we haven't

00:37:47been able to get

00:37:48any further copies

00:37:49my lord since we've

00:37:49only just acquired

00:37:50the volume

00:37:51it's a rather small

00:37:53blurred unsatisfactory

00:37:55picture would you agree

00:37:56it's not very good

00:37:57is it

00:37:58would you call it

00:37:59a good likeness

00:38:01well it's

00:38:02of the person

00:38:03isn't it

00:38:04well we are told

00:38:05sir

00:38:06do you think

00:38:07you would have

00:38:07agreed with Mr Appleton

00:38:09so readily

00:38:10that this was the

00:38:11woman that you saw

00:38:12oh my lord

00:38:12my lord I object

00:38:13my learned friend

00:38:15is insinuating

00:38:15with this word

00:38:17agree

00:38:18that Mr Appleton

00:38:19put it into the

00:38:20witness's mind

00:38:21to say this photograph

00:38:21was of the woman

00:38:22that he saw

00:38:23that's the very possibility

00:38:24I'm concerned with

00:38:25my lord

00:38:25very well Mr Loddemy

00:38:26thank you my lord

00:38:27Mr Pritchett

00:38:28would you have been

00:38:29so certain

00:38:29when you told

00:38:30Mr Appleton

00:38:31that the woman

00:38:32in this extremely

00:38:33poor photograph

00:38:33was the woman

00:38:34you had seen

00:38:35the day before

00:38:35had you known

00:38:36that so much

00:38:37depended upon it

00:38:38well

00:38:40now that you mention it

00:38:41I think I would

00:38:42yes

00:38:43well I suggest to you

00:38:44that you have been led

00:38:45first by a description

00:38:46from Mr Appleton

00:38:47secondly by this

00:38:48extremely poor photograph

00:38:50and thirdly by the

00:38:51photograph shown to you

00:38:51by the police

00:38:52to this extremely

00:38:53inadequate identification

00:38:54of the witness

00:38:55the defendant

00:38:56here today

00:38:57and I submit that

00:38:58had it not been

00:38:59for the gradual

00:38:59accustoming process

00:39:00of these photographs

00:39:01he would never have

00:39:02identified Miss Gronofsky

00:39:04as the woman you

00:39:04spoke to on that

00:39:06particular morning

00:39:07well

00:39:07all I can say to you sir

00:39:09is the lady I saw

00:39:11on that morning

00:39:12is the woman now

00:39:13sitting down over there

00:39:15I have no further questions

00:39:18does your lordship

00:39:19have any questions

00:39:20nope

00:39:20thank you

00:39:21you may leave

00:39:21the witness box

00:39:22oh thank you

00:39:26I call

00:39:27Sir Walter Hutton

00:39:29Sir Walter Hutton

00:39:31please

00:39:40what is your religion

00:39:41Church of England

00:39:42take the bible

00:39:43in your right hand

00:39:44and read aloud

00:39:45the words on this card

00:39:46I swear by almighty God

00:39:48that the evidence

00:39:48I shall give

00:39:49shall be the truth

00:39:49the whole truth

00:39:50and nothing but the truth

00:39:52you are Sir Walter Hutton

00:39:53of Grangewater

00:39:54Little Hedden

00:39:55Forchester

00:39:56yes

00:39:57and are you the director

00:39:59of the Horowitz Laboratories

00:40:00that's right

00:40:02Sir Walter

00:40:02are you familiar

00:40:04with the details

00:40:04of this case

00:40:05yes I am

00:40:07when did you first hear

00:40:08that there was a dispute

00:40:09over this research

00:40:12Granovsky came to my office

00:40:13she asked to see me

00:40:15in my office

00:40:17on September the 6th

00:40:18in the late afternoon

00:40:19I wonder

00:40:20Sir Walter

00:40:21if you'd mind

00:40:21speaking a little more

00:40:22towards his lordship

00:40:23and the jury

00:40:24so that they can hear you

00:40:24clearly

00:40:25I'm sorry

00:40:28she

00:40:29came to see me

00:40:30in my office

00:40:31in the late afternoon

00:40:33of September the 6th

00:40:34and what did she say

00:40:36she said

00:40:37did I know

00:40:38that one of my

00:40:39research fellows

00:40:41was working

00:40:42on MX07

00:40:43I said

00:40:45that I knew

00:40:46that we were

00:40:46making MX07

00:40:48but I didn't think

00:40:50that anyone

00:40:50was working

00:40:51with it

00:40:53on it

00:40:55MX07

00:40:55now that's the virus

00:40:56on which Miss Granovsky

00:40:57was working

00:40:58yes

00:41:00how did the conversation

00:41:01continue

00:41:03well she then

00:41:04reminded me

00:41:05which of course

00:41:05I knew already

00:41:06that we had agreed

00:41:08that this area

00:41:09of research

00:41:10should be left

00:41:11to the

00:41:13Blackwell

00:41:14laboratory

00:41:15where she herself

00:41:15was working on it

00:41:16and

00:41:17she told me

00:41:19she wanted

00:41:19our work on it

00:41:20stopped

00:41:21what did you reply

00:41:22to this

00:41:24well one doesn't

00:41:25like to be told

00:41:25what to do

00:41:26in one's own

00:41:27laboratory

00:41:27but I was polite

00:41:29I said that I

00:41:30would look into it

00:41:31and that I would

00:41:32get in touch

00:41:33with

00:41:34Douglas Wheeler

00:41:35at the Blackwell

00:41:37Douglas Wheeler

00:41:37is the director

00:41:38there

00:41:38yes

00:41:39he's my

00:41:40opposite number

00:41:41was it with him

00:41:42that you'd worked

00:41:43out this agreement

00:41:44in the first place

00:41:46yes it was

00:41:46but we must be

00:41:47quite clear

00:41:48about this

00:41:49agreement

00:41:49it was

00:41:51an entirely

00:41:52unofficial

00:41:53arrangement

00:41:54between ourselves

00:41:55there was no

00:41:56not bound

00:41:57by any law

00:41:58or sacred oaths

00:42:00I understand

00:42:01was Miss Granoffsky's

00:42:03manner aggressive

00:42:04towards you

00:42:05when she spoke

00:42:06yes

00:42:07very

00:42:09during the course

00:42:10of your interview

00:42:11did she suggest

00:42:13that Appleton's

00:42:14work was worthless

00:42:16no

00:42:16tell his lordship

00:42:18on the jury

00:42:18would you please

00:42:19what you thought

00:42:20of his work

00:42:21now it was

00:42:23really most

00:42:24interesting

00:42:24of course

00:42:25the rats

00:42:26this resistant

00:42:28strain

00:42:28which has

00:42:29alas now

00:42:30perished

00:42:30remarkable

00:42:31it's quite

00:42:31remarkable

00:42:32but what

00:42:34impressed me

00:42:34even more

00:42:35was the

00:42:36electron micrograph

00:42:37of the

00:42:39MxO virus

00:42:40which was present

00:42:42in the

00:42:42cytoplasm

00:42:44but had not

00:42:45entered the nucleus

00:42:46now

00:42:46this virus

00:42:48MxO7

00:42:49it's a cancer

00:42:50virus

00:42:50is it not

00:42:51and as such

00:42:52the work

00:42:53done on it

00:42:53constitutes

00:42:54just a part

00:42:55of the vast

00:42:55body of work

00:42:56at present

00:42:57being done

00:42:57on the causes

00:42:58of cancer

00:42:59yes

00:43:00yes

00:43:00would you say

00:43:01that this was

00:43:02a particularly

00:43:02prestigious area

00:43:03of scientific

00:43:04research

00:43:04oh yes

00:43:05indeed

00:43:06one on which

00:43:07an eminent

00:43:08career might

00:43:08be built

00:43:10yes

00:43:11would you say

00:43:12from what you

00:43:13saw of Appleton's

00:43:14work

00:43:14that it

00:43:15constituted a

00:43:16threat to

00:43:16Miss Gronofsky

00:43:17and the laurels

00:43:18which she might

00:43:19have hoped

00:43:20for

00:43:20in the event

00:43:21of a successful

00:43:22conclusion

00:43:23to her work

00:43:25all I will say

00:43:26is this

00:43:26that it put

00:43:27another competitor

00:43:29in the field

00:43:31thank you

00:43:31Sir Walter

00:43:32I have no

00:43:33further questions

00:43:33my lord

00:43:36Sir Walter

00:43:37help me if you

00:43:38will

00:43:38your post

00:43:39at the Horowitz

00:43:40laboratory's

00:43:40director

00:43:41what exactly

00:43:42does that

00:43:42entail

00:43:43administration

00:43:45yes

00:43:45are you in fact

00:43:46involved in any

00:43:47particular scientific

00:43:48work these days

00:43:50no not much

00:43:51I do have the

00:43:52corner of a bench

00:43:53upstairs but it's

00:43:54not really in the

00:43:55mainstream of

00:43:56research

00:43:57no

00:43:58no

00:43:58no quite so

00:43:59biochemistry

00:44:00progresses at a

00:44:02rate never before

00:44:03attain doesn't it

00:44:04I mean I'm told that

00:44:05the biochemical

00:44:06yearbook occupies

00:44:08four feet on the

00:44:09library shelves

00:44:10every year

00:44:11these days

00:44:13what you're getting

00:44:14at young man

00:44:15is that I'm no

00:44:16longer in touch

00:44:17with what's going

00:44:18on

00:44:20you may be right

00:44:21well Appleton's

00:44:22work was in quite a

00:44:23specialized field

00:44:24wasn't it

00:44:25yes but all the

00:44:26same one does

00:44:26know when a

00:44:27colleague is on

00:44:29to something

00:44:29but in this

00:44:30highly specialized

00:44:31oh yes yes

00:44:32you may be

00:44:33right

00:44:34Miss

00:44:35Granowski however

00:44:36now would you

00:44:37accept that she

00:44:38is an expert

00:44:39in this field

00:44:40oh yes indeed

00:44:40oh yes I've

00:44:42read her works

00:44:44now I'd like to

00:44:45deal with the

00:44:46agreement that

00:44:47existed between

00:44:47the two laboratories

00:44:49why did this

00:44:50agreement exist

00:44:50in the first place

00:44:51well Wheeler

00:44:53and I decided

00:44:55that this

00:44:58competitiveness

00:44:58which was being

00:44:59generated was a

00:45:00bad thing

00:45:01and the

00:45:03duplication of

00:45:04work

00:45:05waste of

00:45:06resources

00:45:06why was it

00:45:07that the

00:45:08Blackwell

00:45:08research laboratories

00:45:09got this area of

00:45:10work to themselves

00:45:11rather than the

00:45:12Horowitz

00:45:13largely because of

00:45:14Granowski

00:45:15precisely

00:45:16largely because of

00:45:17Miss Granowski's

00:45:18enormous strides

00:45:20that she had made

00:45:20in this field

00:45:22yes

00:45:23now in the light

00:45:24of that do you

00:45:24find Miss Granowski's

00:45:26anger in any way

00:45:27surprising when she

00:45:28found the agreement

00:45:29had been broken

00:45:31I don't find her

00:45:33anger surprising

00:45:34you wouldn't be

00:45:35surprised that the

00:45:35only source of this

00:45:36anger was that the

00:45:37agreement had been

00:45:38broken and nothing

00:45:39to do with any fear

00:45:40that she might be

00:45:41being surpassed in

00:45:43her own field by

00:45:44Appleton

00:45:45yes very probably

00:45:46but I am not

00:45:47subscribing to the

00:45:48view that there

00:45:49was a sort of

00:45:50horse race going

00:45:52on

00:45:52I mean this sort

00:45:54of competitiveness

00:45:55is quite deplorable

00:45:56indeed

00:45:56now when did you

00:45:57first hear that this

00:45:59alleged crime had

00:46:00been committed

00:46:03at four o'clock

00:46:04in the morning

00:46:05Appleton phoned me

00:46:06I got up and went

00:46:07down to the

00:46:07laboratory

00:46:08did you get in

00:46:09touch with the

00:46:10police immediately

00:46:11no

00:46:12why not

00:46:14well because it

00:46:15was all so

00:46:16inconclusive

00:46:17I mean nobody

00:46:18could tell what

00:46:19had happened to

00:46:19the rats

00:46:20didn't Appleton

00:46:21show you the

00:46:22blood tests

00:46:23he'd made

00:46:23yes yes yes

00:46:24but they only

00:46:25showed that they

00:46:26died of exposure

00:46:27to radiation

00:46:28they didn't show

00:46:29who had exposed

00:46:29them or why

00:46:30I mean there

00:46:31was

00:46:31yes but did

00:46:32Appleton tell you

00:46:33that he was sure

00:46:34he knew who'd

00:46:35done it

00:46:36yes he did

00:46:37and did you think

00:46:38he was right

00:46:39no

00:46:40why not

00:46:43because

00:46:44I find it

00:46:45inconceivable

00:46:46that one scientist

00:46:47could do such a

00:46:48thing to another

00:46:49scientist

00:46:49yes do you still

00:46:50find that difficult

00:46:51to believe

00:46:52yes I do

00:46:54so what made

00:46:55you call the

00:46:55police

00:46:58Appleton came to

00:46:59see me later that

00:46:59morning with the

00:47:00porter

00:47:01would you agree

00:47:03Sir Walter that

00:47:03it was Appleton

00:47:04who was the prime

00:47:05mover in all the

00:47:07events that led to

00:47:08Miss Granoffsky

00:47:08facing these charges

00:47:11he was certainly

00:47:12very anxious that

00:47:15that she should be

00:47:16brought to book

00:47:17yes

00:47:19thank you Sir Walter

00:47:20no further questions

00:47:22thank you

00:47:23you may go

00:47:24that concludes the

00:47:26case for the

00:47:26prosecution my lord

00:47:32yes well now

00:47:33Mr. Lotterby

00:47:34would you like to

00:47:35open your case

00:47:37well I'm quite

00:47:38prepared to my lord

00:47:39if you don't wish

00:47:40to adjourn

00:47:41no

00:47:42plenty of time

00:47:44oh very well

00:47:44my lord

00:47:45well I'll call the

00:47:46defendant Miss Granoffsky

00:48:01what is your religion

00:48:03I have none

00:48:04you wish to affirm

00:48:05yes please raise

00:48:06your right hand

00:48:07and read aloud

00:48:08the words on this

00:48:08card

00:48:11I tomorrow

00:48:12Vera Granoffsky

00:48:13do solemnly

00:48:14sincerely

00:48:14and truly

00:48:16declare and affirm

00:48:17that the evidence

00:48:18I shall give

00:48:18shall be the truth

00:48:20the whole truth

00:48:21and nothing but the truth

00:48:46the case of the queen

00:48:48against Granoffsky

00:48:49will be concluded

00:48:50tomorrow

00:48:51in the crown court

00:49:15it is alleged that

00:49:18Tamara Granoffsky

00:49:19was responsible for

00:49:20destroying 13 rats

00:49:21on which Jeffrey Appleton

00:49:23had been experimenting

00:49:24in an attempt to

00:49:25discover the reason

00:49:26for their apparent

00:49:26resistance to a cancer virus

00:49:28the defense has opened

00:49:30its case

00:49:30and Granoffsky

00:49:31is in the witness box

00:49:34Miss Granoffsky

00:49:35when you met

00:49:36Jeffrey Appleton

00:49:37at the Sorbonne

00:49:38last year

00:49:39did you get the feeling

00:49:40that he was going

00:49:40out of his way

00:49:41to speak to you

00:49:42yes I did

00:49:43it seemed strange

00:49:45to you

00:49:46very strange

00:49:47did you not think

00:49:49perhaps that he was

00:49:49simply being friendly

00:49:51possibly over friendly

00:49:52no

00:49:53can you tell the court

00:49:55why

00:49:56you will

00:49:57I'm sure understand

00:49:58that it's

00:49:59quite difficult

00:50:01for me to separate

00:50:01what I felt

00:50:02at this time

00:50:03from what I feel

00:50:04in the light

00:50:05of what I know now

00:50:06yes I'm sure

00:50:07everyone appreciates

00:50:07your difficulties

00:50:08but try to recall

00:50:10what you thought

00:50:11at the time

00:50:12he told me

00:50:13his research

00:50:14he was doing

00:50:16a thesis

00:50:16on immunology

00:50:17our fields

00:50:18barely overlap

00:50:19we talked about

00:50:20radiation techniques

00:50:21which I use

00:50:22quite a lot

00:50:23to activate viruses

00:50:25he showed

00:50:26a quite extraordinary

00:50:28interest

00:50:28in my work

00:50:29made some rather

00:50:31superficial observations

00:50:32about it

00:50:33was rather facetious

00:50:34he said several things

00:50:35which showed

00:50:36his ignorance

00:50:37of the subject

00:50:37and covered these

00:50:39with a sort of

00:50:40facetious humor

00:50:42I suppose you'd call it

00:50:43some of our chats

00:50:45became quite painful

00:50:46such was the

00:50:47thinness of his knowledge

00:50:50he liked to play

00:50:51a sort of

00:50:51guessing game

00:50:53extrapolating

00:50:54from my observations

00:50:55all in all

00:50:56he showed

00:50:57an inordinate

00:50:57interest in your work

00:50:59for no good reason

00:51:00that you could perceive

00:51:00am I right

00:51:01absolutely

00:51:02and did he suggest

00:51:03that you might meet again

00:51:04he kept rebuking me

00:51:06for not attending

00:51:07more of the social

00:51:08functions surrounding

00:51:09the conference

00:51:10but did he suggest

00:51:11that you might meet

00:51:12in London

00:51:13he did

00:51:14I didn't think

00:51:15much of it

00:51:16so were you surprised

00:51:17when he did in fact

00:51:18visit you

00:51:18very

00:51:19now Mr Appleton

00:51:20has told us

00:51:21that he saw nothing

00:51:23of your scientific

00:51:24work when he was

00:51:25in London

00:51:25that you just made

00:51:26scientific small talk

00:51:27is that true

00:51:28it is absolutely

00:51:29untrue

00:51:30are you accusing him

00:51:31of deliberately lying

00:51:32yes I am accusing him

00:51:34of lying

00:51:34he's lying

00:51:35would you tell his

00:51:36lordship and the jury

00:51:37exactly what it was

00:51:38that Mr Appleton wanted

00:51:40he wanted the results

00:51:41of some screening tests

00:51:42I had been doing

00:51:43with enzymes

00:51:44this was work I'd been

00:51:45doing over the last

00:51:46eight months

00:51:46and he wanted to know

00:51:48what my results had been

00:51:48were these results

00:51:49not included

00:51:50in your Paris paper

00:51:51no no

00:51:52why were you prepared

00:51:54to divulge them

00:51:55because he had

00:51:56managed to convince me

00:51:58that his interest

00:51:58was academic

00:51:59was this because

00:52:00of the subject

00:52:01of his thesis

00:52:03partly only

00:52:04no

00:52:06it was his manner

00:52:07the way in which

00:52:08he approached

00:52:08the subject

00:52:09rather offhand

00:52:10but somehow

00:52:11enthusiastic

00:52:12at the same time

00:52:14don't ask me

00:52:15I've been asking

00:52:15myself

00:52:16why I showed him

00:52:19why I ever spoke

00:52:20to him at all

00:52:22if I'm honest

00:52:23I suppose

00:52:25I was

00:52:25flattered

00:52:26by the interest

00:52:27he appeared

00:52:27to be taking

00:52:28most people

00:52:29are very interested

00:52:30to talk about

00:52:31their work

00:52:31and not so

00:52:32interested to listen

00:52:32he was very

00:52:34interested to listen

00:52:35although I sometimes

00:52:36wondered how much

00:52:37he understood

00:52:38well he's told

00:52:39the court

00:52:39that your manner

00:52:40when he talked

00:52:41to you

00:52:42was off-putting

00:52:42antagonistic

00:52:44simply untrue

00:52:48did he ever

00:52:49appear to

00:52:50be about to

00:52:51tell you

00:52:51something about

00:52:52his work

00:52:52no

00:52:53without wishing

00:52:54to appear unkind

00:52:55like the people

00:52:56you've just

00:52:57been referring to

00:52:57you were

00:52:58very willing

00:52:59to talk

00:52:59but not to

00:53:00listen

00:53:00so you didn't

00:53:01press him

00:53:02about his work

00:53:02I know that's

00:53:04what I said

00:53:04it's not a very

00:53:05accurate picture

00:53:06though

00:53:07this isn't of

00:53:08any great

00:53:08importance

00:53:09is it

00:53:09Mr Lutterby

00:53:10forgive me

00:53:11my lord

00:53:11I had expected

00:53:12a simple

00:53:13affirmative

00:53:13it's of no

00:53:14consequence

00:53:15excuse me

00:53:16Miss Grilofsky

00:53:18now

00:53:19during this talk

00:53:20with Mr Appleton

00:53:21did he ask you

00:53:22for any

00:53:22specific

00:53:23information

00:53:24yes

00:53:25he asked

00:53:26where I guessed

00:53:27the seat of

00:53:27resistance to

00:53:28this cancer

00:53:29virus would

00:53:29be found

00:53:30I told him

00:53:31that in all

00:53:32my work

00:53:32I had found

00:53:33that the

00:53:33site of

00:53:33entry

00:53:34was in the

00:53:34lipid structure

00:53:35of the

00:53:35nuclear membrane

00:53:36and it

00:53:37followed

00:53:38empirically

00:53:38that this

00:53:39would be

00:53:39where the

00:53:40resistance

00:53:40would probably

00:53:42lie

00:53:42was this a

00:53:42crucial matter

00:53:43we've yet to

00:53:44find out

00:53:44quite so

00:53:45I'm sorry

00:53:47I obviously

00:53:48lack

00:53:49council's

00:53:49quickness of

00:53:50intellect

00:53:51was it

00:53:52crucial

00:53:52Miss Grilofsky

00:53:53or was it

00:53:53not

00:53:54until we

00:53:55find a

00:53:55genuinely

00:53:56resistant

00:53:57cell

00:53:57we'll

00:53:58not know

00:53:59it was a

00:54:00guess on

00:54:00my part

00:54:01I see

00:54:01I think it's

00:54:02possible my lord

00:54:03that what

00:54:03Miss Grilofsky

00:54:04means

00:54:04I fully

00:54:05understand

00:54:05what Miss Grilofsky

00:54:06means

00:54:06thank you

00:54:07very much

00:54:07Mr Lottom

00:54:08now can we

00:54:08get on

00:54:09forgive me

00:54:10my lord

00:54:11Miss Grilofsky

00:54:13we've heard

00:54:14that Mr Appleton

00:54:15telephoned you

00:54:17inviting you

00:54:18to go to

00:54:19the Horowitz

00:54:20laboratories

00:54:21yes

00:54:22now during

00:54:23the course

00:54:23of this

00:54:23telephone

00:54:24conversation

00:54:24did he

00:54:25tell you

00:54:26what it

00:54:26was he

00:54:26wanted you

00:54:27to look

00:54:27at

00:54:27he said

00:54:28there had

00:54:29been an

00:54:29accident

00:54:30in the

00:54:30laboratory

00:54:30with MX07

00:54:31and he

00:54:32had a

00:54:32dead rat

00:54:33he wanted

00:54:33me to

00:54:33look at

00:54:34so when

00:54:34you went

00:54:35to the

00:54:35Horowitz

00:54:35laboratories

00:54:35you went

00:54:36simply

00:54:36expecting

00:54:37to look

00:54:37at a rat

00:54:38that had

00:54:38died

00:54:39of MX07

00:54:40yes

00:54:40did he tell

00:54:41you that

00:54:42he'd done

00:54:42any work

00:54:42on it

00:54:43no

00:54:44can you

00:54:44tell us

00:54:45in your

00:54:45own words

00:54:45what you

00:54:46saw

00:54:46when you

00:54:47got to

00:54:47the

00:54:47laboratories

00:54:48I saw

00:54:49what amounted

00:54:50to a duplication

00:54:51of my own

00:54:52work

00:54:52and I

00:54:53saw this

00:54:54strain of

00:54:55rats about

00:54:56which such

00:54:56high claims

00:54:57have been

00:54:57made

00:54:57do you

00:54:58dispute

00:54:58these claims

00:54:59Miss Grilofsky

00:55:00I certainly

00:55:01do

00:55:01there was

00:55:02nothing

00:55:03not a

00:55:03shred

00:55:03of evidence

00:55:04to say

00:55:04that those

00:55:05rats had

00:55:05anything more

00:55:06than a

00:55:06heightened

00:55:07resistance

00:55:07to this

00:55:07particular

00:55:08virus

00:55:08and probably

00:55:09to many

00:55:09other

00:55:09viruses

00:55:10Appleton's

00:55:11own

00:55:11corroborative

00:55:12tests were

00:55:12pathetically

00:55:13inadequate

00:55:13his controls

00:55:14were insufficient

00:55:15there was

00:55:15no doubt

00:55:16in my mind

00:55:16that had

00:55:17those viruses

00:55:18been activated

00:55:18say by

00:55:19radiation

00:55:20the rats

00:55:20would have

00:55:20died

00:55:21and I

00:55:21would like

00:55:22to point

00:55:22out

00:55:23that the

00:55:23police report

00:55:24on the

00:55:24course of

00:55:24death

00:55:24did not

00:55:25investigate

00:55:27I

00:55:28you

00:55:29now

00:55:29you

00:55:30say

00:55:32you

00:55:33saw

00:55:33an

00:55:33exact

00:55:34duplication

00:55:34of your

00:55:35own

00:55:35work

00:55:35that's

00:55:36right

00:55:36But how would this have applied to such a very different set of circumstances?

00:55:41I mean, you weren't working with a resistant strain of rat.

00:55:44I mean, an allegedly resistant strain, I mean.

00:55:46Half of what I saw did not fit the circumstances precisely.

00:55:50It was stolen from me and evidently used to impress Sir Walter Hutton.

00:55:53It didn't impress me.

00:55:55Was this the cause of the anger we've heard so much about?

00:55:58I was furious.

00:56:00I've never been so angry.

00:56:01I could be standing here for killing Mr Appleton.

00:56:03That's what I could be standing here for.

00:56:05That's a very serious thing to say, Miss Grunowski.

00:56:06How would you feel?

00:56:07Every page of his I looked at, my work.

00:56:10Miss Grunowski, did you look through all the work he showed you?

00:56:14I demanded to see it.

00:56:16He was very reluctant to show it to me.

00:56:18He knew I recognised it.

00:56:19I demanded to see it.

00:56:21Why did you want to see it?

00:56:22Because I wanted to see if there was a scrap of original work there.

00:56:26Did you suggest that the rodent should be transferred to you

00:56:28at the Blackwell Research Laboratory for you to work on?

00:56:31Yes.

00:56:32Why?

00:56:33Well, it was worth investigating.

00:56:35It would have been quite interesting.

00:56:37But mainly because I didn't want any more work on that virus

00:56:42done outside the Blackwell.

00:56:44Why not?

00:56:46It was a dangerous precedent.

00:56:48Someone more able might have come along and started to work with those animals

00:56:52and the whole futile competitiveness that this agreement between the laboratories

00:56:56was designed to eliminate would have been with us again.

00:56:59Now, your discussion with Appleton, was some of it conducted in his room adjoining the laboratory?

00:57:05Some of it, yes.

00:57:06During the time that you were there, did a student or anyone come in and get a key from Mr

00:57:11Appleton?

00:57:11Well, someone came in.

00:57:13I don't know what for.

00:57:14Did you see Appleton take a key from the top drawer of his desk and give it to this person?

00:57:19No.

00:57:20Someone came in.

00:57:20I paid no attention.

00:57:21I was looking at this stuff he calls his work.

00:57:26Now, this key is the key to the irradiating unit in which the animals were all killed.

00:57:30Now, what is your experience with such a key?

00:57:32Where is it normally kept?

00:57:34Either by one of the professors or by the registrar.

00:57:37So you wouldn't expect to find it in the desk of a research fellow?

00:57:40No.

00:57:41Did you know that Appleton had such a key in his desk?

00:57:44No.

00:57:45Before we leave this aspect of the case, I'd like to ask you about this report

00:57:48made by the Fulchester Police Laboratories on the cause of death of these rodents.

00:57:52My lord, I do object to this.

00:57:53This document's been agreed by defence.

00:57:56There seems to me to be no future in confusing the jury

00:57:59by inviting Miss Gronofsky's comments on it.

00:58:03Doubtless, of course, they'll be very informed.

00:58:04Oh, I don't know.

00:58:06I think I'm rather interested to hear the witness's comments

00:58:09and I shall rule as I think fit when the witness has had her say.

00:58:13Go on.

00:58:15I would like to draw your attention and that of the jury

00:58:19to the conclusion of this report where it says

00:58:22that it is apparent that these animals were subjected to a lethal dose of radiation

00:58:27and that this may have been the cause of death.

00:58:30It is great credit to the humility of whoever prepared this report that may.

00:58:35I quite understand that I was not allowed to prepare the report

00:58:40but there's not the slightest doubt in my mind

00:58:42that had I been able to do so, been allowed to do so

00:58:45I would have found that those rats died not

00:58:49from radiation exposure

00:58:51but as a result of an activation of the virus MX-07.

00:58:54So much for Mr. Appleton's resistant strain.

00:59:11I would like to discuss your own work

00:59:13in a little more detail, Miss Kronofsky.

00:59:16You've told the court that you were working with tissue cultures

00:59:20and single cell cultures in the laboratory.

00:59:24Yes.

00:59:24This was live organic matter that you were working with, was it not?

00:59:27Yes.

00:59:28Where was it taken from?

00:59:29Recently killed animals.

00:59:31Did you prepare these cultures yourself?

00:59:34Either I or my assistant.

00:59:36And so you were used to handling animals in the laboratory.

00:59:40Yes.

00:59:41Good.

00:59:43Now would it be true to say that your objective

00:59:45was to explain and understand

00:59:48the means by which this particular virus

00:59:51could subvert an animal cell

00:59:53and so cause it to become cancerous?

00:59:55Yes, that is a rough description of my aim.

00:59:59Forgive me if it's crudely expressed.

01:00:01Oh, not at all.

01:00:02I think someone has been instructing you.

01:00:05Indeed they have.

01:00:07Would it then be true to say

01:00:09that once you have an understanding

01:00:11of the way in which a virus subverts a cell,

01:00:15you'd then be in a better position

01:00:17to see means of blocking it?

01:00:19Yes.

01:00:20That's to say making the cell resistant?

01:00:22Yes.

01:00:23But if I've understood correctly,

01:00:25you've not yet arrived at the understanding,

01:00:28let alone the method by which the virus might be blocked.

01:00:31Yes.

01:00:31I have understood correctly?

01:00:34Yes.

01:00:35Now I'm forced to use the bludgeon of simile.

01:00:40Is it not the case that, as in mountaineering,

01:00:43it's easier to descend from the summit

01:00:46than to ascend from the foothills?

01:00:49Do I make myself clear?

01:00:52Yes, you make yourself perfectly clear,

01:00:54but it isn't like mountaineering.

01:00:56Oh, no, no, as I'm well aware.

01:00:58But is it not easier, once you have the answer,

01:01:00to find out what makes the answer so?

01:01:03No, because unlike your mountaineering,

01:01:07you cannot possibly recognize the answer

01:01:09until you understand the problem first.

01:01:12And that is a very good description of Appleton's problem.

01:01:14Indeed, very well.

01:01:15But my point is this...

01:01:16Appleton found himself on one of the foothills

01:01:18and he thought it was the mountain.

01:01:19Well, let's forget my possibly unfortunate analogy.

01:01:23My point is this.

01:01:24When you saw the cells taken from Appleton's specimens,

01:01:28wasn't that the first time you'd seen a resistant cell

01:01:31in all the six years that you'd been working in this subject?

01:01:34The cell was not resistant.

01:01:37The cell contained virus in the cytoplasm

01:01:40which had not invaded the nucleus.

01:01:42Am I right?

01:01:43It was a temporary condition.

01:01:46Have you one shred of evidence to support that claim?

01:01:49His tests were not thorough enough.

01:01:51Is there a shred of evidence that you know of

01:01:53that indicates that these cells were only temporarily immune?

01:01:57How could I have?

01:01:58I was not allowed access to the rats.

01:02:00Exactly.

01:02:02I suggest to you

01:02:04that when you saw those cells

01:02:06you realised with understandable horror

01:02:08that here were the very organisms

01:02:10that you'd been hoping to produce

01:02:12through your own research.

01:02:13No.

01:02:15All right.

01:02:15Even if, as you've so dramatically asserted,

01:02:17these cells would have proved

01:02:18not to have been resistant

01:02:20had the creatures survived, of course.

01:02:23There was surely no way that you could tell that

01:02:25as you looked at them there in the laboratory, was there?

01:02:27Not by simply looking at them, no.

01:02:29No, no.

01:02:30And since you were denied access to them,

01:02:32both by Appleton and Sir Walter Hutton,

01:02:34there was, in fact, no way

01:02:35that you could support your claim

01:02:36that they were not resistant.

01:02:38Not without access to them, obviously.

01:02:41I based my assertion on probability.

01:02:43I know a considerable amount about this subject,

01:02:46and it is not probable

01:02:47that this strain was genuinely resistant.

01:02:49Oh, very well, very well.

01:02:51If you thought that this work was so worthless,

01:02:54why did you seek so strenuously

01:02:55to have Appleton thrown out of the laboratories?

01:02:58Because of his wholly unethical methods.

01:03:01Purely moral indignation?

01:03:04And anger.

01:03:05Ah.

01:03:06And fear?

01:03:08Frustration?

01:03:09No.

01:03:11Some days after your visit to Fulchester,

01:03:13Appleton telephoned you, didn't he?

01:03:15Yes.

01:03:16Yes, you've told my learned friend

01:03:17that at this time,

01:03:18your anger had evaporated,

01:03:20that you no longer cared particularly

01:03:21what happened to this strain of rats.

01:03:23That is true, yes.

01:03:25But, Miss Skronofsky,

01:03:26you've just said that at this time

01:03:27you couldn't tell whether

01:03:28they were genuinely resistant or not.

01:03:31How could you be indifferent?

01:03:33I've told you that I thought it improbable

01:03:35that they were,

01:03:36and so I ignored it.

01:03:38And do you ask this court to believe

01:03:40that when you heard that Appleton

01:03:42was going to continue with his work,

01:03:44this work that you'd tried so vigorously

01:03:46to have stopped,

01:03:47you accepted that indifferently?

01:03:49There was nothing more I could do.

01:03:52Oh, but there was, Miss Skronofsky.

01:03:54I suggest to you that you weren't prepared

01:03:56to see six years of dedicated work

01:03:59go up in smoke

01:04:01without trying every possible means

01:04:03of preventing it.

01:04:05I did not kill the rats.

01:04:08Miss Skronofsky, the witness,

01:04:09Mr. Pritchett,

01:04:10that's the door porter at the Horowitz,

01:04:13saw you and spoke to you

01:04:15on the morning of the crime.

01:04:16What did you say to that testimony?

01:04:18He's confusing the dates.

01:04:20He saw me when I visited Appleton

01:04:22on the date we're talking about

01:04:24on the 6th of September.

01:04:26But 19 days separate those two dates.

01:04:30It is conceivable that Appleton

01:04:32had another visitor with dark hair,

01:04:33I suppose.

01:04:35Where were you on that morning,

01:04:37Miss Skronofsky?

01:04:38In my study.

01:04:40No one saw you?

01:04:41No.

01:04:42No one telephoned you?

01:04:43No.

01:04:44It's not in the least surprising.

01:04:45I spent 50% of my time alone.

01:04:47And I only have a telephone at all

01:04:48because it was already in the flat

01:04:49when I took it.

01:04:50Miss Skronofsky,

01:04:51I suggest to you

01:04:52that you did go to the Horowitz

01:04:53on that day

01:04:54to see Appleton.

01:04:55No, I didn't.

01:04:56Well, I'm not even asserting

01:04:57that you went there

01:04:58with any malicious intention.

01:05:00No, you simply went to see him.

01:05:02Perhaps to discuss further

01:05:03this phenomenon with him.

01:05:05No.

01:05:06And that you asked Mr. Pritchett

01:05:07where you could find him.

01:05:08Mr. Pritchett told you

01:05:09he was in a lecture.

01:05:10And even at this point,

01:05:12you had no idea

01:05:12of killing those animals.

01:05:14I did not come to Fullchester

01:05:15on that day.

01:05:16Well, no, you didn't come prepared

01:05:18with rat poison in your handbag.

01:05:21No, you simply came to talk,

01:05:26convince, investigate.

01:05:28For some perfectly lawful,

01:05:30even laudable reason.

01:05:31But when you heard

01:05:33that Mr. Appleton was out,

01:05:34you said you'd wait for him

01:05:35in his room.

01:05:36No.

01:05:37And it was there

01:05:38in that empty laboratory.

01:05:40Empty, of course,

01:05:40except for those

01:05:42irritating, scratching rodents,

01:05:44perhaps now suffused

01:05:45with anger, disappointment,

01:05:47that you first entertained

01:05:48the idea of killing them.

01:05:49But you had nothing

01:05:50with which to do it

01:05:51until you remembered

01:05:52that student who'd come in

01:05:54for the key that time.

01:05:56The key to the machine,

01:05:57the irradiating unit.

01:05:59That's what really happened,

01:06:01isn't it, Miss Kronoski?

01:06:02No.

01:06:03You took the key

01:06:04and you took each rat.

01:06:06If you'd been interrupted,

01:06:07you could have said

01:06:07that you were, what,

01:06:09experimenting?

01:06:10Trying to activate the virus

01:06:13with radiation?

01:06:15No, but you weren't disturbed.

01:06:18You placed each of the rats

01:06:20in the oven

01:06:20and you administered

01:06:21a dose of cobalt irradiation,

01:06:24more than sufficient

01:06:25to kill all those 13 rats.

01:06:27You replaced them

01:06:28in their cages,

01:06:29the wrong cages,

01:06:30as you didn't know

01:06:30their coding system,

01:06:31as Mr. Appleton did,

01:06:32and then you stole away,

01:06:35leaving them

01:06:35to their certain death.

01:06:37and with them

01:06:38died your fears

01:06:40of being surpassed,

01:06:41of losing the laurels

01:06:43which no doubt

01:06:44you richly deserve.

01:06:46It is a tragic loss,

01:06:49perhaps,

01:06:50but I had no part in it.

01:06:51I would no more interfere

01:06:53with the work

01:06:53of another scientist

01:06:54than...

01:06:55Than what,

01:06:56Miss Kronoski?

01:06:57Than...

01:06:59I don't know anything.

01:07:00I just wouldn't do it.

01:07:03Indeed.

01:07:07That concludes the case

01:07:08for the defence, my lord.

01:07:10Yes.

01:07:11Thank you, my lord.

01:07:13Members of the jury.

01:07:15It's an undisputed fact

01:07:17that on the 25th of September

01:07:20last,

01:07:2113 rodents,

01:07:23rodents with a very special value,

01:07:25because they were being used

01:07:26in research of the utmost importance,

01:07:28were destroyed

01:07:29at the Horowitz Laboratories

01:07:31by someone.

01:07:32The only outstanding question is,

01:07:35who is that someone

01:07:36who destroyed them?

01:07:38You may think

01:07:39that the most compelling point

01:07:41in this case

01:07:42is that there's only one person

01:07:44who could have possibly

01:07:45had any motive

01:07:46to have done this

01:07:47shamelessly wanton act.

01:07:49The defence haven't been

01:07:50able to make any suggestion

01:07:52as to why anyone,

01:07:53other than the accused,

01:07:54should wish to do such a thing.

01:07:57Now, it's suggested

01:07:58that the accused

01:07:59knew that these rodents

01:08:01were in fact

01:08:02of no value.

01:08:03They proved nothing.

01:08:05And therefore,

01:08:06it's absurd

01:08:07that she should have

01:08:08bothered to kill them.

01:08:11Alternatively,

01:08:12it's suggested

01:08:12that the accused,

01:08:13if she believed

01:08:14that these rats

01:08:15really were

01:08:16of significance

01:08:17from a scientific point of view,

01:08:20the last thing

01:08:21that she would have done

01:08:22would have been

01:08:22to have killed them.

01:08:24But the important point,

01:08:25you may think,

01:08:26is that rightly or wrongly,

01:08:27Mr Appleton believed

01:08:28that they were

01:08:29of the utmost importance

01:08:31in terms of research

01:08:32and that their destruction

01:08:34would be

01:08:34a terrible blow to him.

01:08:36Thus,

01:08:37if any person

01:08:38wished to strike at him

01:08:40through anger,

01:08:42revenge,

01:08:43frustration,

01:08:43whatever,

01:08:45then these rats

01:08:46provided

01:08:47the perfect means.

01:08:50The accused claims

01:08:51that she wasn't

01:08:52at the Horowitz Laboratory

01:08:53on the 25th of September.

01:08:55But the lodge porter

01:08:57is quite certain

01:08:58that she was the woman

01:08:59that he saw

01:09:00and spoke to

01:09:01on that day.

01:09:02It follows then

01:09:03that she's lying.

01:09:03And if she's lying,

01:09:04you may ask yourselves,

01:09:05why?

01:09:07I suggested

01:09:08that the answer

01:09:09is plain.

01:09:10I suggest it's because

01:09:12she did go

01:09:12to the Horowitz Laboratories

01:09:13on that day

01:09:14and engaged

01:09:15in criminal activities.

01:09:17Members of the jury,

01:09:18in my submission,

01:09:19the evidence points

01:09:21inescapably

01:09:21to the guilt

01:09:22of the accused.

01:09:23And I ask you

01:09:24to bring in

01:09:25a verdict of guilty.

01:09:28My Lord,

01:09:29members of the jury,

01:09:29the prosecution

01:09:30has claimed

01:09:31that there is only

01:09:31one person

01:09:32who could have had

01:09:33any motive

01:09:34to destroy these rats,

01:09:36stressing that

01:09:37the defence

01:09:37has been unable

01:09:38to point to anyone else

01:09:39who could have had a motive.

01:09:40But it is not

01:09:40for the defence

01:09:41to point the finger

01:09:42of guilt

01:09:43at anyone.

01:09:44It is simply

01:09:45for the prosecution

01:09:46to prove to you

01:09:47beyond all reasonable doubt

01:09:48that the person

01:09:49responsible for killing

01:09:50those rats

01:09:51was the defendant.

01:09:52And I ask you,

01:09:53members of the jury,

01:09:54whether it is likely

01:09:55that this highly intelligent

01:09:56young woman

01:09:57would have engaged

01:09:58herself in such a

01:09:59bizarre act

01:10:00of extermination.

01:10:02Now,

01:10:03I submit that

01:10:03a motive

01:10:04has hardly been established

01:10:05because I maintain

01:10:06that if these rats

01:10:08did in fact

01:10:09hold the key

01:10:10to the problem

01:10:10that Ms. Gronoski

01:10:11had been researching

01:10:12with such dedication

01:10:13for six years,

01:10:15well,

01:10:15it's inconceivable

01:10:16that she would have

01:10:17destroyed them.

01:10:19If,

01:10:19on the other hand,

01:10:21the rats,

01:10:22she thought,

01:10:22were unimportant,

01:10:23she would have hardly

01:10:25have gone to all

01:10:25the trouble and danger

01:10:26that destroying them

01:10:27would entail.

01:10:30No,

01:10:30members of the jury,

01:10:31the evidence

01:10:32against my client

01:10:32is all circumstantial

01:10:34and it is very weak.

01:10:37I submit,

01:10:38members of the jury,

01:10:38you must find

01:10:39the defendant,

01:10:39Ms. Gronoski,

01:10:40not guilty.

01:10:43Members of the jury,

01:10:44the accused

01:10:45is charged

01:10:46with criminal damage.

01:10:48Now,

01:10:49this offence

01:10:49is committed

01:10:51where

01:10:53a person

01:10:54who,

01:10:55without lawful excuse,

01:10:57destroys

01:10:57or damages

01:10:58any property

01:10:59belonging to another,

01:11:00intending to destroy

01:11:02or damage

01:11:02any such property,

01:11:03or being reckless

01:11:04as to whether

01:11:05any such property

01:11:06would be destroyed

01:11:08or damaged.

01:11:09Now,

01:11:10the items in this case

01:11:11are, of course,

01:11:11these rats

01:11:13belonging to the

01:11:13Horowitz Laboratory.

01:11:15That,

01:11:15someone destroyed them,

01:11:17cannot,

01:11:17you may think,

01:11:18be doubted.

01:11:19Now,

01:11:20you've listened patiently

01:11:21to the evidence,

01:11:21a lot of it,

01:11:22very confusing to you

01:11:23as it was to me.

01:11:25But you will have

01:11:26had the opportunity

01:11:26to form

01:11:27your opinions,

01:11:29your judgments,

01:11:30of the reliability

01:11:31of the various witnesses

01:11:33and of the accused

01:11:34as they gave

01:11:35their evidence.

01:11:36You may wish

01:11:37to consider

01:11:38the evidence

01:11:39of the key

01:11:41to the irradiating machine

01:11:43and the allegation

01:11:44that the accused

01:11:45knew of its whereabouts.

01:11:46At the same time,

01:11:47you may wish

01:11:47to consider

01:11:48the evidence

01:11:48of the generally

01:11:49lax security arrangements

01:11:51at the Horowitz

01:11:52laboratories.

01:11:54As learned counsel

01:11:55for the defense

01:11:56has rightly pointed out,

01:11:58the accused

01:11:59need prove

01:12:00nothing.

01:12:02the burden

01:12:02lies on the prosecution

01:12:03to show

01:12:04to your entire satisfaction

01:12:06that the accused

01:12:07did what is alleged.

01:12:09Will you now please

01:12:10return

01:12:10and consider your verdict?

01:12:20Members of the jury,

01:12:21will your foreman

01:12:21please stand?

01:12:23Just answer this question,

01:12:24yes or no.

01:12:25Have you reached a verdict

01:12:26upon which you are all agreed?

01:12:28Yes.

01:12:28Do you find the defendant

01:12:29guilty or not guilty?

01:12:31Guilty.

01:12:32Is that the verdict

01:12:32of you all?

01:12:33It is.

01:12:35Tamara Granovski,

01:12:36you have been found guilty

01:12:37on the charge

01:12:38of criminal damage.

01:12:39The sentence of this court

01:12:40is that you'll be

01:12:41conditionally discharged.

01:12:43Now the effect of this

01:12:44is that if you commit

01:12:45no further offense

01:12:46during the next 12 months,

01:12:48there the matter will end.

01:12:50The appropriate penalty

01:12:51for this offense

01:12:52can be up to

01:12:5310 years imprisonment.

01:12:54But I feel that you

01:12:55have suffered enough

01:12:56in the loss of your

01:12:57professional reputation

01:12:59in having to answer

01:12:59these charges.

01:13:00and I feel that it is.

Crown Court - The Quest (1975)

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