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00:00NASA recently announced a major discovery.
00:03They found water on the sunlit side of the moon.
00:06But some people believe they made other major discoveries
00:09there decades ago, discoveries they chose to keep secret.
00:13Take a look.
00:14From 1969 to 1972, NASA's six Apollo moon landings
00:19defined a golden age in space exploration.
00:23The awesome imagery of those missions made history.
00:25But some people believe that this image reveals a secret history.
00:30In my opinion, that is not a natural structure.
00:33It's got to be some intelligent species that created it.
00:39In the 1960s, Ken Johnston was a NASA test pilot,
00:43but later as director of the data and photo control department
00:46at the Johnson Space Flight Center.
00:48He says on one of the moon missions,
00:50the astronauts came back with intriguing photographs.
00:53I was in kind of shock.
00:54And some of the craters would actually
00:56show domes and actual bases.
00:59Bases on the moon?
01:01Ken's talking about these rounded dome-shaped objects
01:04in the middle of one of the craters.
01:06But what's even more shocking, Ken says
01:08when he asked his boss about the photos,
01:11he was told to stop asking.
01:13And we argued a little bit.
01:14He finally said, I don't care what you two,
01:17just get rid of those pictures that were taken.
01:19Is it a cover-up?
01:20One thing is certain.
01:21Ken's not the only person to believe there's been alien activity on the moon.
01:26Take a look at these photos.
01:27Some believe this looks like vehicle tracks.
01:30How did these things get there?
01:32Journalist Alexis Brooks says some believe they could be the work of an ancient interstellar civilization
01:37called the Anunnaki.
01:40Their technology is said to be integral in the structures that we're familiar with today, like the pyramids.
01:48So the question becomes, did this ancient race lay footing, if you will, on the moon?
01:58The Anunnaki first appeared in the ancient traditions of the Sumerians and the Babylonians over 3,000 years ago.
02:04Do these images suggest they or another civilization landed on the moon?
02:09We asked astrophotographer Andrew McCarthy to check it out.
02:16McCarthy starts by examining the photo of the alleged bases.
02:19It really does look like something artificial at first glance.
02:23McCarthy focuses not only on the structure, but on the crater around it.
02:27When an impact happens, ejecta is flung everywhere.
02:31Some of it is flung straight up and comes straight back down.
02:35And it creates these irregular piles in the middle of the crater that you see here.
02:40Frankly, if it wasn't there, that would be weird.
02:44Next, Mars mission planner Jonathan Hill takes a look at those strange tracks.
02:48Hill points out that boulders often leave similar tracks when they roll across the surface.
02:54But these tracks are perfectly parallel.
02:56My first thought was the lunar rovers driven by the Apollo astronauts.
03:01Hill checks images from Apollo landing sites and comes up empty.
03:05The United States was not the only country that sent wheeled vehicles to the moon.
03:11In fact, in 1970, the Soviet Lunokhod 1 was the first remote-controlled rover
03:17to land on an extraterrestrial body.
03:19And the width of its known tracks seemed to match the mystery photo.
03:23They look very, very similar to those two parallel line tracks we saw before.
03:28But we still can't quite prove definitively that that's what caused these particular set of double tracks.
03:39Well, we don't have proof that the Anunnaki ever made it to the moon.
03:42But we do know those moon bases aren't alien-made, while the mysterious tracks look like human handiwork.
03:50So our verdict? The bases are natural formations and the tracks likely from a lunar rover.
03:56And here's hoping we get back to the moon soon to make some more.
03:59For decades, we've been sending probes to Mars, and ever since, strange images have been captured on the surface of
04:06the Red Planet.
04:07Could this be a floating spoon? Or this, a statue? What about this? The face of a god?
04:14But then, in the spring of 2020, things got really strange when an amateur astronomer claimed the cameras on the
04:21Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter photographed this.
04:25Take a closer look. It appears to be a group of buildings and pyramids on Mars.
04:32One even in the shape of an eagle's head.
04:35George Haas is the director of the Esoteric Cydonia Institute.
04:39He believes this could be evidence of an ancient civilization on Mars.
04:43The first structure to get my attention is this four-sided pyramid that has a conjoined mound at the top.
04:50These are large, geoglyphic formations that show intelligent design.
04:54All kinds of formations that appears to be a city.
04:58George also believes these Martian pyramids are eerily similar to the ancient Mayan pyramids in Mexico.
05:04It looks a lot like the Pyramid of the Moon in Teotihuacan.
05:08You have a four-sided pyramid with this platform or porch that's jutted off the one end of the pyramid.
05:15And they're almost identical.
05:16Forensic investigator Chase Klotzky says there's a case to be made for past life on Mars.
05:22There is physical evidence, scientific evidence, that there was once water on Mars.
05:27So if the water was there, it easily could have supported civilization.
05:32So where did the Martians go?
05:34One popular theory? They were destroyed by nuclear war.
05:39The possible evidence? Atmospheric traces of an element called Xenon 129.
05:44Xenon 129 is a signature of artificial nuclear explosions.
05:53A one megaton bomb can completely level a radius of nearly four miles.
05:58But before we mourn the annihilation of Martian civilization, let's determine if there was a civilization at all.
06:04We took these photos to the best in the field, Mars mission planner Jonathan Hill.
06:12Hill begins by examining the large eagle's head structure. Could that be by design?
06:18We see cliff faces along the edge, nice gentle slopes that are consistent with ice deposits that we see on
06:26similar mesas throughout the planet.
06:28Hill says those lines indicate a natural formation, and geological analysis of the area confirms it.
06:36So using ground-penetrating radar from orbit, we can see down into different layers of these mesas to see what
06:45they're made out of.
06:46And the entire mesa is rock and water ice, and so that obviously rules out any artificial metals or other
06:54materials.
06:55But what about the nearby pyramid? George Haas claims it's a mirror image of the Pyramid of the Moon in
07:01Mexico.
07:02Were the two built by the same hands?
07:04When you look at it, the difference between an actual pyramid is that all the angles are perfect.
07:11They were artificially engineered.
07:13When you look at a mesa like this, the edges aren't straight. They're all curves.
07:19The top is not centered. The geometry is just not there.
07:24And that evidence of nuclear war on Mars, the Xenon 129?
07:29Xenon is a naturally occurring gas. We find traces of it in our atmosphere here on Earth.
07:36So it's not surprising that we find traces of it on Mars.
07:40After years of studying the Red Planet and claims of amazing structures there,
07:45Hill believes there's a psychological explanation for what people think they are seeing on Mars,
07:49the phenomenon known as pareidolia.
07:52It's basically where the human brain goes a little too far and it implants patterns where patterns don't exist.
08:01And so I think people have to really prove to themselves that they're not being affected by this known effect.
08:12So it's simply a trick of the eye.
08:14And turns out that sometimes we'll see things we want to see and not what's actually there.
08:20So our verdict? Pareidolia.
08:22But don't let that stop you from looking up at the stars for that alien life.
08:27We may still find the proof one day.
08:29March of 2017, the International Space Station, 250 miles above the Earth's surface.
08:35Two astronauts are on a routine spacewalk to perform maintenance.
08:39NASA Flight Engineer Peggy Whitson films their mission and, in the process,
08:44capture something out of this world.
08:47A strange object seems to be following.
08:50Look closer. It appears to be spinning slowly as if to get a better view.
08:55It's visible in the background for almost the entire seven hour spacewalk.
08:59Social media blows up.
09:02Many speculate that this is proof of a UFO monitoring the ISS.
09:07Author and editor Brad Olson thinks there's an entire ET surveillance network.
09:11Some believe the centerpiece is a mysterious satellite called the Black Knight that avoids detection through a cloaking device.
09:19The Black Knight satellite flies a very peculiar rotation around the Earth from pole to pole.
09:26So as the Earth spins in that direction, eventually every continent will come underneath where this Black Knight satellite flies.
09:36In 1899, famed inventor Nikola Tesla received a radio transmission that some believe was from the Black Knight.
09:43And photos of a strange object like this one taken from the ISS add to the speculation that an alien
09:50satellite is orbiting Earth.
09:52But if there are aliens spying on us, no one knows exactly what they'd hope to learn.
09:57What they're using it for to monitor the Earth is truly one of the greatest mysteries of our planet.
10:07Now, other footage from the ISS has reinforced the idea that strange things are happening up in orbit.
10:14Check this picture out. It's from 2015 when a British astronaut saw three lights moving in formation near the ISS.
10:21Now, the image is tough to see, but let's zoom in and I will point out what we're talking about.
10:26It's right here, here, and again right here. Strange, right?
10:34But before we sound the alarm, let's analyze these images with our experts.
10:42Mark D'Antonio studies the spacewalk footage to see if the object could be some kind of satellite.
10:48It actually falls into shadow of the space station a few points in the video.
10:53That is something that tells me that it's actually fairly small and fairly close to the space station.
11:00So maybe it's one of the 130 million pieces of space junk circling the Earth.
11:05The ISS sometimes has to maneuver out of the way to avoid being hit by that stuff.
11:11If it was space junk, we'd kind of expect it to be moving across the surface of the Earth in
11:15a different direction.
11:16But because they're moving at the same speed through space, it kind of looks like it's something that's paralleling the
11:22motion of the International Space Station.
11:25Mick West dismisses the Black Knight spy satellite theory for the same reason.
11:29It would follow a completely different orbit from the ISS.
11:32And after doing some investigating, D'Antonio thinks this UFO is from the ISS itself.
11:38This particular object was a shield that was supposed to be installed, and they dropped it by accident.
11:44The shield is made of two-inch thick fabric that's meant to protect the ISS from strikes from space junk.
11:50As for those three streaks of light, D'Antonio researches that particular ISS mission and notes there was an interesting
11:57problem.
11:57There was a leak of a liquid from the Russian sector of the International Space Station.
12:04In the final analysis, it turns out that this is almost definitely just urine that leaked out of the Russian
12:12sector of the International Space Station.
12:18Our verdict? The UFOs were really a flyaway shield and some Russian urine.
12:24Yeah, I said it. But the space junk problem, that's real.
12:29In fact, NASA is worried about something called the Kessler Syndrome,
12:33where so many objects will be in orbit that a collision could cause a whole cascade of smash-ups,
12:39producing so much clutter, it would make future launches impossible.
12:44In October of 2020, a sharp-eyed investigator scans satellite images of Antarctica
12:49and comes across a site that stops author Brad Olsen in his digital tracks.
12:56It's a metallic-looking object, half covered in ice, and Olsen sure he knows what it is.
13:02There's a perfectly round saucer on Antarctica.
13:07Look closer. It sure seems to be a raised disk casting a shadow onto the ice.
13:12Olsen thinks that as the ice melts, an alien spacecraft has emerged from where it was left thousands of years
13:18ago.
13:19But what alien would park their ride in such a hostile place?
13:23Antarctica and Mars are both extremely sterile environments.
13:27If I were a Martian and I wanted to choose a place on Earth to live, Antarctica,
13:31it would be the closest thing to home I could find.
13:34George Haas, chairman of the Cydonia Institute, thinks Antarctica was much more than a Martian rest stop.
13:41He believes Earth and Mars were twin cradles of an interplanetary civilization.
13:46Contrary to mainstream science, he claims that this pyramid-like structure and this human face
13:50are not natural Martian formations.
13:53I believe the structures that we're finding on Mars were either built by an indigenous Martian culture,
13:58or they possibly could have been done by us a long, long time ago.
14:02Which brings us back to the saucer.
14:04Olsen thinks it could be how the ancients commuted between the two planets.
14:08Could it be that this is a shuttle to go back and forth to Mars with some of the presumed
14:16bases that exist on the red planet?
14:21Antarctica was once on the equator, and plants and dinosaurs thrive there.
14:26It seems fantastical, but the fossil record proves it's true.
14:30And now some believe we're on the verge of a similar revelation about the continent's connection to Mars.
14:35The only way to separate fact from theory is to turn to our experts.
14:44Science writer and forensic video analyst Mick West takes a 3D look at Olsen's downed UFO.
14:50I tried orbiting around the image to see what it looks like from different angles.
14:54The perception of it kind of changes.
14:57And now instead of it looking like a disk, it kind of looks like a little lake of water.
15:02And I think what we're seeing here is an example of what's called the crater illusion.
15:07The human brain has evolved over millions of years into expecting that light comes from above.
15:14So our brains automatically interpret this image as being a raised-up disk, and they interpret the other image from
15:22180 degrees as being a depression.
15:25West is certain about the crater illusion.
15:29But NASA's Bob Anderson is more open-minded about the strange formations on Mars.
15:34He thinks they were likely created by erosion and other natural causes.
15:38But he's keeping an open mind until we can inspect them in person.
15:41What we should do is go study them.
15:44And I'll give you a perfect example on Mars.
15:46We looked at imagery for a long time and said,
15:47well, Mars is a dead planet.
15:49It had no water.
15:50It had nothing.
15:50And now we know that Mars had an ocean that lasted early in the 4 billion year mark.
15:55And so the ideas and the hypotheses are constantly changing.
16:03Our verdict?
16:04We think West is probably right that the saucer is an optical illusion.
16:08But just as Bob Anderson thinks the formations on Mars are worth investigating,
16:13George Haas says there should be an Antarctic expedition to examine the saucer-like shape.
16:19And on that, we can agree.
16:22At an altitude of about 12 kilometers from the surface of Mars.
16:25March 2021.
16:27Heat shield set.
16:28Vacuum maneuver has started about 20 meters off the surface.
16:33Tango Delta.
16:34Touchdown confirmed.
16:36Perseverance safely on the surface of Mars.
16:40After a dramatic landing on Mars,
16:42NASA's Perseverance rover is looking for signs of ancient life.
16:46Either primitive forms of bacteria or strands of DNA.
16:49To get its bearings, it takes a panorama of four images.
16:53And in the third frame, it snaps this.
16:56A bizarre object appears suspended over the Martian surface.
17:00Zoom in, and it's clearly something thin and elongated, seemingly out of place.
17:05Just minutes after NASA downloads the image, social media lights up with posts about aliens and UFOs.
17:13Zooming into the image, you can see its shape really closely resembles a bird in flight.
17:19Let's not just take McCarthy's word for it.
17:21Here's a bird in flight on Earth.
17:23We pixelate it to the same degree as the Perseverance image, and we put it slightly out of focus.
17:29Practically a match, right?
17:31Percival Lowell, America's preeminent astronomer of the early 1900s, studied Mars with a telescope for 15 years.
17:38Lowell saw lines on the surface and grew convinced that they were irrigation canals to transport water from melting polar
17:44ice.
17:44He took this as evidence of intelligent life on the red planet.
17:48In the 1960s, the Mariner missions captured detailed images of the surface,
17:53and it turned out that Lowell's canals were actually a string of craters.
17:57But at least part of Lowell's theory has been proven true.
18:00In 2008, NASA's Phoenix Mars lander discovered ice under the Martian surface.
18:05So the possibility of life on Mars isn't out of the question.
18:10The Perseverance rover is the largest astrobiology expedition ever launched by NASA.
18:16Did it find proof of Martian life within weeks of touchdown?
18:19Let's check in with NASA geologist Bob Anderson.
18:27First, is this all a hoax?
18:29You can tell that this is a real Martian image because the sky is not blue, it's yellow, which is
18:34exactly what you would see on the surface of Mars.
18:38Dust particles in the Martian atmosphere are high in iron oxide, which absorbs blue light and creates a yellow sky.
18:45So what about an aircraft?
18:47Believe it or not, a helicopter named Ingenuity hitched a ride with Perseverance.
18:51It has successfully flown on Mars at least 11 times, so could Ingenuity be what's in the picture?
18:58You see the shape of it, it's a very distinct box with four legs from it with the propellers that
19:03are turning.
19:03And you don't see any of those features in this object here.
19:07OK, so it's not Ingenuity, but Anderson does see a familiar shape in the picture.
19:11If you take a look at this object in real close, it's more of an elliptical shape, and so it's
19:16very indicative of dust particles that we've been studying on Mars with the microscope.
19:21Winds on Mars can kick up dust storms so big we can see them on Earth, and the dust's red
19:26hue gives the planet its color.
19:29But Mars dust is electrostatic, which means it clings to everything it touches.
19:33So it likely would stick to the camera's sensor or lenses and appear on all four images, not just one.
19:39So Anderson has another theory.
19:41It actually could be a foreign object from the rover itself.
19:45The rover has little blankets and things covered with gold foil to protect it from temperature, and sometimes in the
19:51wind and in the sand, those little pieces get worn off.
19:55So, what we might be seeing is a flyaway piece of insulation or coating.
20:00It likely blew off just before the picture was taken, flew out a few feet, then dropped before the next
20:05frame.
20:11So, our verdict? We're going with Bob Anderson.
20:14It's not 100% clear, but the bird was likely a flyaway piece of the Perseverance.
20:20In 2026, SpaceX hopes to land humans on the red planet.
20:25So then, we'll definitely be able to say, there is life on Mars.
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