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With the landmark U.S.–Russia nuclear arms control treaty (New START) now expired, China has refused to join new talks on nuclear limitations — frustrating U.S. calls for Beijing’s inclusion in a broader pact. While Washington pushes for China to sit down with the U.S. and Russia on arms control, Beijing insists its much smaller arsenal and strategic priorities mean it will not enter negotiations “at this stage.” Meanwhile, China’s nuclear stockpile has been expanding rapidly — by roughly 100 warheads per year since 2023 — raising global concerns about a shifting balance of power and the risk of an unchecked nuclear arms race.

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00:00Just days after a major U.S.-Russia nuclear treaty expired,
00:22one country is making it very clear it will not come to the table.
00:26China has flatly rejected calls to join talks on a new nuclear arms agreement,
00:33a decision that could reshape global nuclear politics for decades.
00:38The deal that expired this week had limited how many nuclear warheads the United States and Russia could deploy.
00:47For years, it was one of the last pillars holding back a full-scale arms race.
00:53Now, that pillar is gone.
00:56Washington wants a new agreement, one that includes China.
01:02Beijing says not yet.
01:05China's reasoning is strategic and calculated.
01:09Officials argue their nuclear arsenal is a minimum deterrent, far smaller than those of the U.S. or Russia.
01:17In their view, joining talks now would lock China into limits while the two superpowers keep thousands more warheads.
01:27Beijing insists the U.S. and Russia must cut first. Only then would multilateral talks make sense.
01:35But there is more happening beneath the surface.
01:41Since 2023, Xi Jinping has accelerated China's nuclear expansion, adding around 100 warheads every year.
01:50This rapid buildup is tied directly to tensions over Taiwan and what China sees as U.S. military encirclement in the Indo-Pacific.
02:01Joining a treaty now could cap that expansion. And that is something Beijing is not willing to risk.
02:08At the same time, China denies it is in an arms race at all.
02:14It calls for all nuclear powers to adopt a no-first-use policy, a proposal the U.S. and Russia have rejected.
02:22Analysts say Beijing views trilateral talks as a U.S. strategy to shift blame, not a serious path to disarmament.
02:34This stance comes as China faces troubling internal issues.
02:40Since 2023, Xi has launched sweeping purges inside the PLA rocket force, the unit responsible for nuclear missiles.
02:48Top commanders were removed, defense industry executives fired, and by 2025, even senior military leaders were investigated for disloyalty and leaking sensitive information.
03:04U.S. intelligence revealed shocking failures. Missiles filled with water instead of fuel, silo lids that could not open, all linked to deep corruption.
03:16The Pentagon warned, these problems raised serious questions about China's nuclear readiness.
03:23Xi responded by tightening control, visiting a rocket force brigade in 2024, and demanding deterrence, preparedness, and loyalty.
03:33The message was clear. Weakness will not be tolerated.
03:39For the United States, this is exactly why China must be included.
03:45Washington warns China's nuclear arsenal is growing faster than any other country, pushing the world from a bipolar system into a dangerous tripolar one.
03:56U.S. officials say real arms control in the 21st century is impossible without China, especially as its stockpile could match U.S. and Russian levels by the mid-2030s.
04:11So what does this mean for China?
04:14Refusing talks allows unchecked growth, stronger deterrence, and more leverage in a Taiwan scenario.
04:20But it also risks triggering a new global arms race, inviting U.S. and Russian expansions, and escalating tensions even further.
04:30With internal purges still underway, China's nuclear ambitions are growing fast, but questions about readiness remain.
04:41The world is entering a new nuclear era, without clear rules, without trust, and without limits.
04:49And China's decision may shape what comes next.
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