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Un loup filmé pour la première fois en train d'utiliser des outils pour se nourrir. Surpris dans l'ouest du Canada en train de remonter à la surface de l'eau un piège à crabes pour se nourrir, ce loup a provoqué la stupéfaction des chercheurs qui ont capturé ce comportement en vidéo.
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00:00Quand Kyle Hartel a découvert ce que la caméra de son équipe avait filmé,
00:03les images de ce loup nageant dans l'eau pour remonter un piège à crabe sur le rivage,
00:08son cerveau est entré en ébullition.
00:09Ça se passe au Canada, en Colombie-Britannique, sur le territoire de la Première Nation Eltsuk,
00:31un peuple autochtone avec lequel Kyle Hartel travaille sur différents projets.
00:34Sur cette vidéo, on voit une louve ingénieuse aller chercher la bouée d'un piège à crabe vert.
00:39Elle a déposé sur la berge, puis tiré sur le câble pour ramener cette fois le casier,
00:47afin de forcer le piège pour manger les appâts qui sont dedans.
00:49Et c'est vraiment pas réussi.
00:52On a croix.
00:54On a croix.
00:56On a croix, on a croix que ça était important.
00:57Parce que c'est pas surprise que les wolves sont intelligents, et c'est pas vraiment
01:01surprise que les wolves pourraient figure out comment faire ça, parce qu'ils sont
01:05que smart.
01:06Mais, c'est pas été récordé avant.
01:08As soon as we saw the video, c'était juste...
01:10Wow!
01:11We kinda knew right away, si ça veut dire.
01:13C'est comme un instantané, c'est comme, wow, c'est tool use.
01:17My goodness!
01:18You know?
01:19Or, c'est certaine c'est tool use.
01:21We can use les scientifiques caveats, mais c'est certaine c'est tool use.
01:24C'est vraiment sophistiqué de behaviour.
01:26She certainly seems to recognise that that float is attached to a line.
01:32The line is attached to a trap.
01:34The trap has a bait cup.
01:36If she puts the float on the beach, then she can access the line.
01:40If she pulls the line, then the trap will come out.
01:41It's all these steps, right?
01:43People will say that pulling a line maybe doesn't qualify as tool use, some people will say,
01:48because it's too simple.
01:49The line's already attached, you're doing a really simple motion.
01:53But in this case, actually, her having to bring the float out first, it was such an important step to pull on that line,
01:59which, in our mind anyway, is just this incredible level of sophistication.
02:04This statement, Kyle Hartel and one of his colleagues l'ont detailed in an article intitulé
02:08Utilisation potentielle d'outils par les loups.
02:11Potentielle car il y a débat chez les experts sur la notion exacte d'utilisation d'un outil par les animaux sauvages.
02:16As good scientists, we're being cautious in our wording, we're trying not to overstate.
02:22In our mind, it is tool use, but we were really just trying to acknowledge that it depends on the definition that you use.
02:28There are different definitions.
02:29Some people say that for an animal, for animal tool use, the animal has to create the tool.
02:35They can't just use it.
02:36But as we said in the paper, I'm talking to you on a laptop right now that I did not create, but I'm still using it, right?
02:44L'un des projets menés par Kyle Hartel est de documenter justement la vie des loups dans cette région.
02:49This is one of these gray wolves with red in the body, which only really occur in this part of the world.
03:00Sauf que la ironie de l'histoire, c'est tout autre chose qui a conduit à cette vidéo.
03:04We were there for green crabs, but it ended up being about wolves.
03:08Des pièges avaient été installés dans l'eau pour attirer des crabes verts, une espèce invasive.
03:12Problem, ces casiers étaient régulièrement retrouvés abîmés.
03:14So we were trying to understand who was damaging the traps.
03:18And I said why don't we just put some cameras up while we're there.
03:20We thought we'd maybe see something suggestive, but we didn't anticipate this.
03:26Water that's so deep that even on a low tide, the traps are still in the water.
03:29And so we said well it can't be a wolf then.
03:31They can't dive down as far as I know, they swim on the surface.
03:34And so we thought it could be a marine mammal.
03:37You know, we thought it might be a seal, it might be an otter, it could be a mink.
03:42We really didn't know, it was a bit of a mystery.
03:45What could be doing that much damage, maybe a sea lion.
03:50Un lion de mer qui était donc en fait un loup de terre, au comportement étonnant qui suscite encore plein de questions et d'hypothèses.
03:57Okay, she knows how to do this series of steps to do this complicated behavior.
04:02But what's really interesting is this is something so new in the environment.
04:05How quickly she learned this, right?
04:07You know, the wolves, they very well might be sitting right inside the forest, watching the guardians do their work, right?
04:14The guardians pull the traps into a boat, so you're pulling it straight up,
04:18whereas she pulled it horizontally onto the beach.
04:21But it's a very similar mechanism, so yeah, it could very well have been copying.
04:25The researchers also think that the environment of this region may have been suitable for the loup's experiments,
04:29less exposed to the danger, especially those posed by humans.
04:32This is one of the few places in the world where wolves are not really harassed very much by people at all.
04:38So we wondered if maybe why we saw this behavior happen here is because of that fact,
04:45is because a wolf could sit there and maybe spend an hour trying to figure it out.
04:48We don't know, right? We didn't see any of this, but maybe she could try over and over and over again.
04:53Maybe she could just sit there and watch it and not have to constantly be worried about the human coming around the corner.
05:00So that could be part of it, for sure.
05:02Thank you for
05:09Thank you.
05:11Thank you in advance.
05:14Thank you.
05:22Bye.
05:24Bye.
05:27Bye.
05:28Bye.
05:29Bye.
05:31Bye.
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