Jak zmniejszyć emisję CO2 w transporcie morskim bez uszczerbku dla globalnej gospodarki?

euronews (po polsku)

Jak zmniejszyć emisję CO2 w transporcie morskim bez uszczerbku dla globalnej gospodarki?  Decyzja o nałożeniu podatku na emisję dwutlenku węgla z transportu morskiego, zaproponowana przez Międzynarodową Organizację Morską ONZ, została odroczona do 2026 roku. Ale czy branża jest gotowa na dekarbonizację w przyszłości?  CZYTAJ WIĘCEJ : http://pl.euronews.com/2025/12/01/jak-zmniejszyc-emisje-co2-w-transporcie-morskim-bez-uszczerbku-dla-globalnej-gospodarki  Zasubskrybuj nasz kanał.Euronews jest dostępny na Dailymotion w 12 językach

Transcript

00:00One out of five European jobs is depending on export.

00:03Green is not black or white.

00:05There are no single simple solutions.

00:07But is it going fast enough? No.

00:15Welcome to The Big Question,

00:18the series from Euronews,

00:19where we dive deep into the world of business.

00:22I'm Elinor Butler,

00:23and today I'm joined by Håkan Agnewal,

00:27CEO of Vortselle.

00:29Thank you so much for being here with us.

00:31So part of Vortselle's business is to create new technologies

00:34for the shipping industry,

00:36but can you tell me how important is shipping for the European economy?

00:40If we look at the goods that is entering or exiting the EU,

00:4490% of that is done by sea transport.

00:48And export, as we all know, is very important for Europe.

00:52One out of five European jobs is depending on export.

00:55When we think about the importance of marine transport,

00:59let's take the example from 2021,

01:02when we had this big container vessel, Ever Given,

01:05it got stuck in the Suez Canal.

01:07The estimates are that, you know, every day,

01:10the cost for the global economy of that Suez Canal being shut down

01:16was 10 billion euro.

01:18And that shows, you know,

01:20how important the marine shipping is for the global economy.

01:23And what are the key risks to shipping at the moment?

01:27The big topic of discussion is, of course, the geopolitical tensions,

01:32new trade barriers being imposed, fee structures, etc.

01:36Then, of course, the decarbonization journey.

01:39I mean, the industry set a target

01:41through the International Maritime Organization.

01:44That's basically the regulating organization for the whole industry.

01:48An IMO is developing framework to move the whole industry to net zero by or around,

01:56as it's called, 2050.

01:58And now there is a discussion about what is the next step

02:02on the decarbonization journey in the marine industry.

02:04And so shipping is obviously going through a period of transition.

02:14Is the industry moving fast enough at the moment on sustainability measures?

02:18Global shipping accounts for about two to three percent of global CO2 emissions.

02:24If you look at the global emissions,

02:26aviation industry is about the two, three percent as well.

02:30But then I would argue that marine carries a whole lot more goods.

02:34And it's a hard to abate industry

02:37because you have these vessels sailing far out at the sea.

02:40So you really need to find fuels and other things that, you know,

02:44can sustain that situation.

02:47Now, is the industry moving fast enough?

02:49The answer there is no, we are not moving fast enough.

02:52The movement has started.

02:54And I do see it's accelerating.

02:56So with a positive perspective, a lot of things is happening.

02:59But is it going fast enough? No.

03:02And how specifically is Wotselle working to find sustainability solutions?

03:07The lifetime of a vessel is about 30 years.

03:10And when I talk to our customers, which are the ship owners,

03:13they are formulating their strategies.

03:16They are not sitting still.

03:17They are thinking, you know, what's going to happen in 30 years?

03:20When we talk about how do you decarbonize the marine industry?

03:24So there are kind of three avenues that you can run in parallel.

03:28The first is to run your vessels more efficient.

03:32And that is about route planning or route optimization.

03:36The second avenue is the future fuels.

03:39And that is about green fuels like methanol, ammonia,

03:43but also continue to reduce the emissions from the current fossil fuels.

03:49Then the third avenue is carbon capture.

03:51Taking from the exhaust of the engine, extracting the carbon.

03:56And without technology, which is now commercially available,

03:59we can extract 70 percent, gathering that CO2 on the vessel and bringing it ashore.

04:05But what do we do with it?

04:06There are two major ways.

04:08One is to pump it back where it came from basically,

04:11or to use it as a raw material in chemical process, including producing synthetic fuel.

04:18But that whole ecosystem is still in a very early stage.

04:21The good thing is we have the technology, but now, you know, how could we use it?

04:26And how the key element is the social aspect.

04:29It's about jobs, it's about people being able to have a future for themselves and their family.

04:36And I think this is also why the whole topic of decarbonization is so sensitive.

04:40Green is not black or white.

04:43There are no single simple solutions.

04:45And how easy is the carbon capture technology to install?

04:49So, there is about 100,000 large vessels out there in the world,

04:54and we cannot just scrap them.

04:56You can actually fit it into the existing vessels, and of course you can fit it into new vessels as well.

05:01Yes, there is certainly a cost to that, but I think what really triggers the economy of the whole equation is,

05:09okay, what carbon pricing mechanism will there be?

05:13And what will be the cost or value that you can create,

05:17either depositing the CO2 or using it as a raw material?

05:21And oil is currently the dominant fuel for shipping,

05:24but I wonder how viable alternatives like ammonia are at the moment?

05:29If you look at the vessels that are being contracted right now,

05:33about half is running on the traditional heavy fuel diesel,

05:38and about half are actually prepared for what is called alternative fuels.

05:43But a big chunk of those alternative fuels, that's LNG, so it's gas, it's natural gas, so it's fossil.

05:49We are ready for the carbon neutral fuels, so methanol engines are being delivered as we speak.

05:54Then we have the next step, and those are what we call the zero carbon fuels.

05:59And there you have ammonia for shipping, and then we have hydrogen.

06:03And hydrogen in our view would be more for the land applications, because we build power plants as well,

06:08because the energy density of hydrogen is not good enough for big shipping.

06:14You will have to have a lot of tanks, and then you can carry less color.

06:18The technology to use the fuels, the green fuels, the future fuels, is actually here.

06:23The challenge is, the fuel is not available in sufficient amounts, and it's still very expensive.

06:29And to offset that, you need to create incentives and fees to create this level playing field.

06:35The UN's International Maritime Organization has been trying to introduce a levy for carbon emissions from shipping.

06:43In October, the US blocked this, meaning the global players will have to wait a year before voting on the measures.

06:49Can you give me your thoughts on this?

06:51There was supposed to be a vote about introducing a new global carbon pricing mechanism.

06:58Now, this was postponed for a year.

07:00I think the challenge for the marine industry is that we are likely going in now to a situation

07:05with a much more fragmented landscape of different regulations.

07:09Because the EU still has its regulations, and the marine industry have been included in the ETS,

07:15I mean, basically the European system for trading carbon emissions.

07:19There is the EU-fueled marine, which is putting levies on marine fuel.

07:23We hear rumors that the Chinese are now considering their Pacific frameworks.

07:27So having a vessel that can handle different fuels, that's critical.

07:31And the other is fuel efficiency.

07:33Because fuel will become more expensive, there will be some kind of levies on the fossil fuels,

07:38and the green fuels today, they are two to four times more costly than the fossil fuels.

07:43Okay, thank you so much for sharing your insights on the big question.

07:46It's been a pleasure to have you with us.

07:48Thank you, thank you for having me.

07:50Thank you very much for joining me.

07:55Thank you.

07:56Bye-bye.

07:57Bye-bye.

07:58Bye-bye.

08:00Bye-bye.

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08:04Have a good time.

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08:09Bye-an-bye.

08:10Peace.

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