00:00Harvard biologists have uncovered a truly bizarre frog species that sports extendable claws, much like those of a cat.
00:08This hairy frog breaks its own bones to produce claws that puncture through its toe pads, likely when it feels threatened.
00:15Some salamanders push their ribs through their skin to create protective barbs, but scientists have seen nothing quite like this claw mechanism before.
00:239 out of 11 frogs in this genus have this feature, and most of them live in Cameroon.
00:30A bee's life doesn't have to end after it stings you.
00:33Some of them can carefully take out the stinger without passing away later.
00:38The bee starts circling around until it loosens and takes out the barbed stinger.
00:42After that, it just flies away without leaving any marks on your skin.
00:46Unlike wasps, which are carnivorous and can be aggressive, bees are mostly peaceful creatures.
00:52They either stay in their hive or move from flower to flower, helping to spread life on Earth because they're crucial for pollination.
01:00For bees, stinging is a last resort because it means demise for them, so they can choose not to do it to save themselves.
01:09You probably have heard that a salamander can regrow its tail if it loses it completely.
01:14Well, Mexican tetra, also known as the blind cave fish, goes further and can grow back its heart.
01:21Well, sort of.
01:22It won't get a new full heart overnight, but it can regenerate its tissues.
01:27Scientists decided it could be useful for us humans, as they're studying these fish, to see what's their secret and why not all animals can play the same trick.
01:36Thorny devil dragon lizard surely agrees with the proverb, two heads are better than one.
01:43The knob growing from its back serves as a false head to trick whoever is after it.
01:49They also have a special camouflage coloring and a scary spiny body for extra protection.
01:55And if it doesn't sound cool enough, they also drink with their feet.
01:59Now that's a handy feature when you live in the scorching hot desert.
02:02The water goes directly from their feet to their mouths through little grooves between scales.
02:09Meanwhile, some flies have eyes on stalks.
02:12It might sound strange, but those stalks are super useful.
02:16First off, they give the fly amazing vision.
02:18So good they can even peek around corners.
02:21Secondly, these stalks can be used as tools to push away rivals.
02:25And the longer the stalks and the wider the eyes are set, the more attractive the male fly appears to females.
02:32It's like their way of showing off that they're strong and have good genes.
02:38Spiders have some seriously awesome biological tricks up their sleeves, or legs.
02:43Spinning giant webs of incredible strong silk to catch bad guys is a real superpower.
02:48And Darwin's bark spider is especially good at it.
02:51This spider can weave massive webs that stretch across entire bodies of water,
02:56with anchor strands that reach up to 82 feet long.
02:59Scientists were curious about how strong this spider silk really is, so they put it to the test.
03:05They discovered that Darwin's bark spider silk is twice as tough as any other silk and 10 times stronger than Kevlar,
03:12which is an ideal body armor material.
03:15The web can handle insane amounts of kinetic energy before breaking,
03:19ensuring that no tiny insect or villain can escape its web.
03:23The real hulk of the animal world is the male horned dung beetle.
03:29It is the strongest animal in the world.
03:32This little powerhouse can pull 1,140 times its own body weight.
03:37Its secret to success is its desire to find a partner.
03:41Female dung beetles dig cozy tunnels under piles of dung for mating.
03:45When more than one male shows up, the competitors lock horns and wrestle each other out of the tunnel.
03:52Smaller beetles also have a chance, though, as they can move faster and slip into the tunnel more easily.
03:58Meanwhile, an alpine ibex has the superpower of defying gravity.
04:03Yep, it can scale steep rock walls just to get a lick of salt to complement its vegetarian diet.
04:09It's like when you store in the nearest grocery store for some late-night snacks.
04:12Back in the animal world, ibexes use concrete as an unconventional salt lick.
04:18Animals can't live without salt.
04:20They need it for their nerves and muscles to function properly.
04:23Wild goats have these rock-climbing skills thanks to the elastic and rubbery pads on their hooves.
04:29They help them grip the rocks, and a hard, sharper outer hoof edge hooks into the tiny rough spots on the rock surface.
04:36Now, the pistol shrimp is just an inch and a half long, but it can snap its claws at a speed of 60 miles per hour.
04:44That creates a bubble in the water that forms a vacuum, and it sends a powerful water pulse that can stun prey.
04:51The snap is so intense that it generates a noise of 218 decibels, louder than a gunshot, and a temperature that is as hot as the sun's surface.
05:00There's even a brief flash of light.
05:03Some scientists are thinking of creating a mechanical version of the pistol shrimp to use in medical practice or for a new type of compression engine.
05:13Now, if you go hiking in the trails of the Pacific Northwest, keep an eye on the ground and any decaying trees for some bright yellow spots moving along.
05:22These are the keels of a dark centipede about 2 inches long.
05:26If you pick one up, it will curl into a spiral and release hydrogen cyanide, giving off a strong almond scent.
05:33This amount isn't enough to seriously mess up a human.
05:36It can just stain your skin or give you an uncomfortable feel if you're sensitive.
05:41So be sure to wash your hands after handling one.
05:44But the same amount can take down a bird or a rodent.
05:47Speaking of birds, crows can count vocally up to 4.
05:53They're a lot like human toddlers when it comes to learning to count and quickly identify the number of objects they see.
06:00Scientists trained 3 carrion crows to make a certain number of caws between 1 and 4 when they showed them a specific symbol or audio cue.
06:08All 3 birds mastered the task like pros, with some minor mistakes like 1 caw, too many, or too few.
06:15Crows can also plan ahead and communicate with each other in a structured way.
06:22Cowbirds, on the other hand, have secret passwords they use to recognize each other.
06:26They're a type of parasite bird, something like a cuckoo, and they lay their eggs in other bird species' nests.
06:33This means the little cowbirds can't learn their real parents' calls and would have trouble as adults to find a mate of their kind.
06:40That's why they have an inner mechanism where they recognize their species' singing like some sort of secret password that only they know.
06:50Meanwhile, ghost crabs growl when they're around creatures they don't like or find threatening.
06:56They first show claws to intruders in their personal space to make them feel unwelcome.
07:01If that's not enough, they'll go for fearsome growling noises, like dogs.
07:06That sound is coming from rubbing their three-enlongated hard teeth inside their stomach.
07:11Teeth in your stomach, hmm.
07:13Ghost crabs make the same noise when they're grinding up food.
07:17When a puffin feels like it could use a good scratch, nothing can stop it from solving the problem.
07:24Researchers notice these birds pick up a small wooden stick to itch themselves.
07:28The authors think puffins might need sticks to knock off seabird ticks.
07:32Looks like it's more effective than using its own beak.
07:37There's an Indian elephant named Kaushik who lives in South Korea and can imitate words just like parrots do.
07:44Kaushik can pronounce the Korean words for yes, no, sit, lie down, and four other words.
07:50He puts his trunk inside his mouth and shakes it while exhaling to change the tone and pitch of the sounds he produces.
07:57If you can whistle with your fingers in the mouth, it's a lot like that.
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