- 2 days ago
Have you ever wondered what secrets lie hidden in the deepest, darkest parts of the ocean? There's so much we don't know about the mysterious creatures and strange phenomena lurking down there. If you're curious about the unknown and love a good mystery, you won’t want to miss this video. Get ready to dive into the ocean’s darkest corners and discover the incredible deep-sea mysteries buried beneath the waves. Grab your popcorn and join the adventure—this is one journey you won’t forget!
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00:00You know how they say it's better to just hand over your wallet if you run into a mugger?
00:05Instead of surrendering their wallets, sea cucumbers choose to spit out some of their
00:10insides to fend off predators like crabs and fish. It's a natural defense mechanism for them,
00:16and they quickly grow those organs back in just a few days, thanks to special cells inside their
00:21bodies. It's not the only weird thing sea cucumbers do. They can actually breathe through their rear
00:27end. They have this thing, called a respiratory tree, that connects to their backside and sits
00:32right next to their intestines. So when they suck in water from their behind, it goes into that
00:37respiratory tree, letting them absorb oxygen directly into their fluids. Plus, sea cucumbers are the
00:44janitors of the ocean. They munch on whatever gets stuck in the sand on the ocean floor. Once they've
00:50eaten, they manage to clean out the sand, leaving it nice and tidy after they do their business.
00:55As for the clean sand, the stunning white sand beaches in Hawaii are actually a product of
01:02parrotfish number two. These fish munch on algae from rocks and dead corals, and while they're
01:08chomping away, they also grind up the leftover bits of coral in their bellies. When they're done,
01:13they move their bowels, and voila! It all comes out as beautiful sand. Not only do they play a vital
01:20role in keeping the coral reef ecosystem healthy, but they can churn out hundreds of pounds of this
01:25white sand every year. Marine animals are seriously impressive when it comes to holding
01:31their breath. Just look at sperm whales and elephant seals. They can stay underwater for a mind-blowing
01:37two hours! Then there's a cuvier's beaked whale, which holds the crazy record at almost four hours
01:44underwater. When you compare that to the human record of 24 minutes and 37 seconds held by pro
01:52diver Budimir Shobut, it seems pretty insignificant. But what's the marine animal secret that helps them
02:00excel humans this much? Unlike us, these sea creatures have a ton of hemoglobin and myoglobin
02:06in their blood and muscles, allowing them to store way more oxygen. When their oxygen runs low,
02:12myoglobin steps up and releases even more. Plus, they can tolerate higher levels of CO2,
02:18so they don't feel the need to breathe as quickly. There's even a study that found their myoglobin
02:24molecules have a unique charge that keeps them from sticking together, which boosts oxygen storage.
02:29And on top of all that, they can slow down their heart rate and restrict blood flow to hang out
02:34underwater even longer. Rumor has it that about 540 million years ago, a meteor loaded with frozen
02:42octopus eggs smashed into Earth. Sounds like a delirium, but some scientists are entertaining a
02:49very questionable idea that octopuses and their cephalopod buddies, like squids and cuttlefish,
02:55might actually have some extraterrestrial origins. The thing is, cephalopods have extraordinary DNA that
03:02doesn't look like any other DNA on our planet. They've got around 33,000 protein-coding genes in
03:09their genome, which is way more than what we humans have. A recent study suggests that their
03:15evolutionary story shows some odd traits that might hint at a connection to space, like they could be
03:21from some super far-off past or even the future. The researchers went as far as to claim that modern
03:28octopuses could be the descendants of these frozen creatures that hitched a ride on comets and splash
03:33down in our oceans. And why octopuses? Well, they really stand out in the animal kingdom. They can use
03:41different tools to build their own houses, and they can even solve everyday problems independently of
03:47their brain, as two-thirds of an octopus's neurons are in its arms. These traits seem to have just appeared
03:55out of nowhere during evolution. They even tossed around another quirky theory. What if an extraterrestrial
04:01virus crashed into early squid populations and gave them a crazy boost in evolution, turning them into the
04:08octopuses we know today? Anyways, these are just fun speculations without any hard proof.
04:15Now, this funky object is an animal, not a rock. It's called sand dollar. Just look at the shape of its
04:23shell. Once sand dollars are exposed to the sun, their shells lose their soft spiny covering and
04:29become bleached white. Back in the day, beachcombers thought these shells looked a lot like big silver
04:35coins, kind of like the old Spanish dollar that was about the same size. But if you prefer, you can call
04:42them sand cakes instead. These quirky creatures have tiny spines on their surface, and they glide along the
04:48ocean floor. They use small tube feet that line the grooves on their underside to grab bits of food
04:55like plankton and algae, which they then send to their mouths. Inside, they have five triangular teeth
05:02that help them munch on their meals. In some Georgia folklore, sand dollars are said to represent coins
05:08lost by mermaids. Sand dollars have a unique talent for cloning themselves. They can do this for a bunch of
05:16reasons, like when a predator comes around. Some species of sand dollar larvae can actually split
05:22in half as a defense mechanism. It takes about 24 hours for them to clone themselves, and the new
05:28larvae end up being about two-thirds smaller than the original, which helps them hide from danger.
05:34Wait, is that a giant sea hot dog racing through the ocean? Sorta. Some scientists have joked that sperm
05:41whales seriously resemble enormous hot dogs. These massive creatures can take quick naps,
05:47standing up for about 10 to 15 minutes. They only sleep about 7% of the time, mostly between 6pm and
05:55midnight. Sperm whales also have a cool ability to retract and extend their eyes, thanks to a thick
06:02retractor muscle around them, but they can't actually roll their eyes in their sockets. Plus, they have the
06:08most asymmetrical skull of any mammal out there. Oh, and let's not forget, they have the largest brain
06:14of any living creature, weighing in at over 9 pounds. Unlike us humans, if dolphins went into full-on
06:22snooze, they'd stop breathing and could drown. So, they figured out a genius solution. They let only one
06:29side of their brain sleep at a time. This means one half stays awake to keep them breathing and watching
06:34out for any potential threats. When they snooze, they only close one eye. If their right brain is
06:40resting, their left eye is shut, and vice versa. This unique sleep style is called unihemispheric
06:46sleep, and it lets them recharge without ever fully losing awareness. On top of that, dolphins might be
06:53using corals and sponges like their own little pharmacies. Scientists have seen them rubbing their
06:59bodies against specific types of coral and sponges, suggesting they might be treating skin issues.
07:05They've even spotted dolphins lining up to take turns at these spots, using corals like Gorgonian
07:11coral Romphela aggregata, leather coral, and some sponges. What's really fascinating is that researchers
07:18have analyzed these corals and found they contain compounds that could help with dolphin skin conditions,
07:24which can sometimes lead to infections and lesions. Now, the big question is figuring out exactly how
07:31each type of coral helps dolphins, and if it really boosts their health overall.
07:37Sea urchins aren't exactly the Usain Bolts of the ocean. They move slowly by crawling with their tube
07:43feet and occasionally give themselves a little push with their spines. These little guys have just five
07:50teeth, which they use like a beak to scrape algae off rocks, which I'm pretty sure is the ocean's
07:55version of an all-you-can-eat buffet. But since all that scraping wears their teeth down, they're in a
08:01never-ending dental replacement program. Scallops are the underwater equivalent of the world's most
08:08confused security cameras, sporting up to 200 tiny eyes on their shells. These eyes are high-tech.
08:15They can even adjust their pupils to light. Instead of working like ours, scallop eyes have a unique
08:21setup. Light goes through a pupil, lens, two retinas, and then hits a mirror made of guanine
08:28crystals that reflects it back. Scientists were puzzled about how they see, since their main retina
08:34often gets blurry light. But it turns out, scallops can change their pupil size by about 50%.
08:41Just don't expect them to do it in a hurry, as it takes a few minutes.
08:45Now, here's something really neat about orcas. They're expert hunters, and they do it in groups
08:51called pods. A pod can consist of up to 40 orcas, forming a very effective hunting team.
08:58Interestingly, there are distinct types of pods – resident and transient. Resident pods are more
09:04into fish, while transient pods have a taste for marine mammals. But no matter what type of pod they
09:11belong to, all orcas have one thing in common – they are master collaborators.
09:17They work together using smart hunting techniques that are often compared to the teamwork of wolf
09:22packs. Almost 95% of jellyfish's body is made of water. For comparison, the human body is 60% water.
09:30It's probably not a surprise, since jellyfish don't have a heart, blood, eyes, or brain.
09:36The other 5% of their body weight is proteins, muscles, and nerve cells.
09:41Jellyfish have been around for more than 500 million years. This makes them older than dinosaurs.
09:48These creatures haven't changed much, and today's jellyfish are pretty much like their ancestors.
09:53Electric eels have small eyes that are not so effective in environments with no light,
09:59so they mostly rely on their electric organs. Those consist of 6,000 cells. Eels use them to
10:05stow power, similar to batteries. These creatures use electricity, like bats use their radars or dolphins
10:12their sonar. An eel can also produce enough electricity to power a panel of light bulbs.
10:19There's a small tropical archer fish that can learn to recognize human faces. This fish has an
10:25interesting ability to spit small jets of water from its mouth. Researchers showed the fish the
10:31image of two different faces placed side by side. One was unknown, and the other was familiar. The fish
10:38was supposed to spit water at the familiar one. The creature took the right guess more than 80% of
10:44the time. There's such a thing as a sea unicorn. That's an animal called the narwhal. Its horn is
10:50actually a tooth that can grow up to 10 feet long. Manatees, also known as sea cows, are distant
10:57relatives of elephants. Their weight can go up to 1,000 pounds. These creatures are vegetarian and need to
11:04eat around 10% of their total weight on a daily basis. That's lots of sea salad. In some cases,
11:11manatees share space with alligators, but they get along pretty well. You can even find a photo
11:17from Florida where an alligator rides a manatee's back. Frogfish have special fins that help these
11:24creatures walk along the sand. They're very useful in shallow waters. A ghost pipefish is hard to see,
11:32but once you spot it, you're bound to get really surprised. Its head makes up over 40% of its body.
11:39Crabs don't feel like wasting time on such formalities as putting foods in their mouth.
11:45That's why they taste it with their feet, which is where their taste buds are.
11:49Marine iguanas are the only lizards on our planet that like spending time in the ocean,
11:54even though they mainly live on land. They're herbivores that feed in shallow waters and swim
12:00like snakes. Iguanas use their long claws to hold onto the bottom when they need to graze.
12:06Green turtles can cross over 1,400 miles when migrating. They try to find the perfect spot to
12:13lay their eggs. Penguins sort of fly when they're underwater, reaching a speed of 25 miles per hour.
12:20More than 5 million years ago, I've heard – I wasn't around then – deep sea worms and humans had a
12:26common ancestor. So we still share 70% of our genes with these creatures – and with sea stars, squid,
12:34and octopuses. Now, octopuses are in fact incredibly old. The oldest known fossil belongs to an animal that
12:43lived almost 300 million years ago. FYI, this is before our dinosaur buddies roamed the Earth.
12:49Wait, there's more! Octopus arms have a mind of their own. That's because two-thirds of their
12:55neurons lie in their arms, not in their heads. This means that their arms can problem-solve how
13:01to open a shellfish, while their owner is worried about other stuff entirely. Talk about ninja-level
13:07multitasking. Oh, and like other animals, such as chimpanzees and dolphins, octopuses have proven to
13:13be good at maneuvering tools, like picking up old shells and using them as a temporary home.
13:20Now, of course, the most intelligent animals on our planet are humans, according to humans.
13:26But we don't seem to give pigs enough credit. Pigs are so smart they can play video games.
13:31No, not Minecraft. But in a recent academic study, scientists had four pigs play a joystick game.
13:38They had to manipulate the stick so that the moving ball would hit the wall and then they would get a
13:44treat. All four pigs did great in the test, which was surprising even to the scientists.
13:51Pigeons also aced an impressive test. They were trained to differentiate a Picasso painting from a
13:57Monet one, which they had no trouble learning. Then, they were able to apply this knowledge,
14:03identifying works of art they had not previously seen. Meaning, they really understood the difference
14:08between each painter. Poor things are always seen as a nuisance.
14:13If we placed kangaroos in an animal's most amazing ability contest, they'd win.
14:18It's mainly because they break the four-legged rule. A special species of kangaroo,
14:25the red kangaroo, uses its tail to help propel it forward. Visually, it has four limbs. But in
14:32practice, it uses five. They're biologically built to use their tail as a fifth limb, since it's packed
14:39with articulated vertebrae and thick muscles. Of course, it had to be an Australian animal.
14:45Deep within the Sahara Desert, you'll find a little creature known as the fennec fox. This
14:51huge-eared animal adapted perfectly to survive in its hostile environment. The huge ears help
14:57them to dissipate the unbearable heat of the desert, as well as help them to hunt for underground prey.
15:03Now meet this guy. Unlike what its name might suggest, the red panda is closer to a raccoon
15:09than it is to a giant panda. You'll find a lot of these cat-sized creatures in the Himalayan region,
15:15hopping from tree to tree, and bundled together trying to keep warm in the harsh weather.
15:20They're gentle and friendly, like their big panda cousins, and occasionally enjoy eating some bamboo
15:25sticks. And then there are bees. Compared to humans, bees' brains are the size of pinheads,
15:33yet they are capable of astounding things. Let's say a bee is running low on energy after a long
15:39search flight. This bee desperately needs a drop of honey in order to continue flying. But smartly
15:45enough, she doesn't need to go back to the hive to recharge. She can ask a fellow beehive mate for
15:51a drop of honey directly from this other bee's stomach and continue flying. This type of decentralized
15:58system allows them to build highly effective societies, one that bees don't need to push
16:03the cues in front of the honey cells, for example. Every year in the winter, great white sharks that
16:08live along the California coastline disappear. It feels as if they take a vacation for 30 to 40 days.
16:15The animals go to a point halfway between Hawaii and Mexico. They might do it to get some food,
16:21relax, or hang out with their buddies from other areas. The spot is now called the whale shark
16:27cafe. Some types of sharks, like makos, whale sharks, or white sharks, breathe in a very specific way.
16:35It requires them to swim all the time. They also need to move quickly and with their mouth open.
16:41This way, the oxygen can enter and reach their gills. Sea sponges are some of the most primitive
16:47animals. They're immobile, don't have a mouth, eyes, bones, brain, heart, lungs,
16:52or any other organ whatsoever. And still, they're alive. There's such a thing as a sea unicorn.
16:59That's an animal called the narwhal. Its horn is actually a tooth that can grow up to 10 feet long.
17:06Manatees, also known as sea cows, are distant relatives of elephants. Their weight can go up
17:12to 1,000 pounds. These creatures are vegetarian and need to eat around 10% of their total weight on a
17:18daily basis. That's lots of sea salad. In some cases, manatees share space with alligators,
17:26but they get along pretty well. You can even find a photo from Florida where an alligator rides a
17:32manatee's back. Frogfish have special fins that help these creatures walk along the sand. They're very
17:39useful in shallow waters. A ghost pipefish is hard to see, but once you spot it,
17:45you're bound to get really surprised. Its head makes up over 40% of its body.
17:51Crabs don't feel like wasting time on such formalities as putting foods in their mouth.
17:57That's why they taste it with their feet, which is where their taste buds are.
18:01Marine iguanas are the only lizards on our planet that like spending time in the ocean,
18:06even though they mainly live on land. They're herbivores that feed in shallow waters and swim like
18:12snakes. There's something known as the orange cat behavior, and apparently it's not just a meme.
18:18So far, scientists have been able to understand that coat color is connected to a feline's gender.
18:24And since orange is an X chromosome, orange cats are usually males, like Garfield. The so-called
18:31orange cat behavior describes ginger cats as agents of chaos. Again, pretty much like Garfield. However,
18:38there haven't been any conclusive studies on whether coat color and cat behavior are truly linked.
18:45In terms of vision, mantis shrimps probably have the most psychedelic vision out of all animals.
18:51These funny-looking creatures have a whopping 16 varieties of photoreceptors,
18:56with five of them reserved for the ultraviolet or UV spectrum.
19:03Ultraviolet rays are really short wavelengths, which are invisible to humans.
19:07The thing science still doesn't understand is how exactly these mantis shrimp view the world around
19:13them. Sure, they can perceive a bunch of colors, but they can't necessarily distinguish all of
19:18these colors among themselves. It can be that they just see a lot of really vivid, really blurry colors.
19:24But we haven't figured out a way to check that out.
19:27Now, to say sloths are cute is an understatement. They may be one of the friendliest animals in the
19:33jungle, but there's more. If you look closely at their fur coat, you'll notice hints of green.
19:40These greeneries are actually tiny little algae that grow alongside sloths. They help sloths to
19:46camouflage better in the jungle, but they also nurture them. The little cracks inside a sloth's fur
19:52create the perfect environment for algae reproduction, and scientists have found species of algae that
19:58don't exist anywhere else in the world. They do get by with a little help from their friends.
20:06Deep within the Sahara Desert, you'll find a little creature known as the fennec fox.
20:11This huge-eared animal adapted perfectly to survive in its hostile environment.
20:16The huge ears help them to dissipate the unbearable heat of the desert,
20:20as well as help them to hunt for underground prey.
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