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00:00An American hero returning triumphantly to their homestead after taking on adventure and great battles,
00:05bringing their gained knowledge back with them.
00:08This might not be how you'd describe a teenage girl traveling to the other side of a rainbow with her little dog,
00:13but the timeless tale of Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz has persevered through decades of retellings.
00:19L. Frank Baum published his classic children's novel, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, all the way back in the year 1900.
00:25Now, The Wizard of Oz is a part of the cultural zeitgeist, with references in our daily language, music, art, pop culture, and more.
00:36Click your heels together three times and repeat after me. There's no place like home.
00:40We're not in Kansas anymore.
00:41The tale of Dorothy and her friends journeying to the land of Oz has been adapted into countless sequels,
00:47spinoffs, stage musicals, animated specials, and TV series.
00:50So what is it about this story that endures?
00:53Here's our take on the surprising story of how The Wizard of Oz came to be what we know it as today,
00:58and how it continues to stand the test of time through wacky adaptations, reinventions, and retellings you never knew existed.
01:09In the tradition of epics like The Odyssey, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz follows The Hero's Journey,
01:15a storytelling framework that involves a character going on an adventure,
01:18overcoming obstacles, and eventually returning home, triumphant and transformed.
01:23With Dorothy as America's new literary hero at the turn of the century,
01:26audiences wanted to immerse themselves in the world of Oz even further.
01:30The answer to this was the first live performance of the story,
01:34the 1902 musical extravaganza, The Wizard of Oz.
01:37This Broadway show added a romance plotline,
01:39recognizable American characters like a streetcar conductor,
01:42references to Theodore Roosevelt,
01:43and maybe most notably a human-sized animal sidekick, Dorothy's pet cow named Imogene.
01:49This was a far cry from Bomb's original book,
01:51but the musical was an undeniable success,
01:54touring the country for seven years with an American fairy tale of adventure, friendship, and heroism.
01:59While the 1939 MGM classic became the most iconic film,
02:03modern audiences often don't realize that the story had already made it to screens twice before,
02:08and the drastic story changes in those renditions inspired the Technicolor film we all know years later.
02:14The earliest surviving silent film adaptation, created in 1910,
02:18borrowed some aspects from the musical extravaganza, like Imogene,
02:22while elements like Toto, the Wicked Witch, and a wizard flying away in a hot air balloon
02:27made their debut in the 12-minute short.
02:29A later 1925 silent film, however, withdrew from using any magical elements at all,
02:34shifting the plot so that Dorothy's three farmhands use a scarecrow, a lion, and a tin man as makeshift disguises.
02:41When it came to the 1939 classic, producers were wary to invest in such a high fantasy spectacle.
02:46They believed audiences of the late 30s would be too sophisticated for the genre.
02:50To compromise, they added the magic back in,
02:53but with the framing device of a fantastical dream sequence.
02:57But it wasn't a dream. It was a place.
03:00And you, and you, and you, and you were there.
03:04Oh, that's good.
03:06But you couldn't have been, could you?
03:08With stunning Technicolor visuals, gorgeous soundstage sets,
03:11amazing practical effects, and a new musical score,
03:14The Wizard of Oz earned six Academy Award nominations.
03:18Where the previous musical adaptations found success in creating elaborate subplots,
03:22the MGM film focused on Dorothy's new friends,
03:25with each character representing an important part of her hero's journey,
03:29giving each individual character a greater purpose.
03:31And it's these friends that helped Dorothy defeat the obstacles that she wouldn't have been able to conquer alone.
03:37I think I'll miss you most of all.
03:39Finding a chosen family is a major arc of the story,
03:42and one that resonates with many people who are feeling outcast or othered.
03:46By centering universal themes like finding your true home, exciting adventure, and friendship,
03:51future adaptations of The Wizard of Oz could now easily be taken into any time period,
03:56or made to represent anyone.
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04:56Whether it's creating Hogwarts, the Shire, or the Land of Oz,
05:03a writer's world building might be the most integral part of creating a fantasy on screen.
05:09The Land of Oz is a magical place populated by talking animals,
05:12which is good and bad, and fantastical color schemes.
05:15And with the wonderful Wizard of Oz entering the public domain in 1956,
05:19writers were free to build their own Oz from the ground up.
05:23In 1975, The Wiz came to Broadway promising an Oz with Super Soul.
05:28If Dorothy was created to represent the average all-American hero in All of Us,
05:31then The Wiz helped redefine the all-American hero as a young black girl,
05:36while The Magical Land of Oz took the shape of a tour through African-American culture.
05:40The story of The Wiz is virtually the same as the 1939 film,
05:44but the meaning shifts when given an Afro-futuristic lens.
05:47Longing for home became a metaphor for staying true to Dorothy's roots as a black American.
05:51On stage, Dorothy was still a girl from Kansas,
05:54whereas in the 1978 film, she's a Harlem school teacher.
05:57It's time you got out of that sandbox and into some new people, new neighborhood.
06:02Girl, do you know you're 24 years old and you've never been south of 125th Street?
06:08In both adaptations, she sets out searching for something more than what she has,
06:12and through a celebration of black music, dance, art, and expression,
06:16she learns what she was looking for was always in her community all along.
06:20Simple messages like the good witch telling Dorothy to believe in yourself
06:23take on a larger, more profound meaning
06:26when this lens is shifted to a uniquely black story.
06:29Freedom you see has got a heart that gets so gently
06:33The 1976 Australian film Oz, a rock and roll road movie
06:37or 20th Century Oz in the States
06:39also tried their hand at taking the structure of the classic Wizard of Oz,
06:43this time shaping it around the story of a teenage rock band groupie
06:46looking to see The Wizard, a glam rocker giving his last concert.
06:50Well, what's that special about The Wizard?
06:52He's just the most sensational thing ever to hit arms.
06:56But who learns that
06:57I'm fortunate to f*** you up.
06:59This story was gritty and leaned into more adult themes,
07:03and notably the Oz that Dorothy wakes up in
07:05isn't much different from the real world she was already in,
07:08which many felt made the story fall flat.
07:10While 20th Century Oz may be considered a cult film,
07:13its success wasn't wide-reaching.
07:15In contrast, Return to Oz 1985 also created a darker Oz
07:20that Dorothy rediscovers left in ruins.
07:23But this grittier Oz is still zany
07:25and filled with quirky characters based on L. Frank Baum's later Oz novels.
07:29My name's Jack.
07:31Jack Pumpkinhead.
07:33The Muppets Wizard of Oz follows Dorothy as a teenage girl
07:35who wants to be a singer for the Muppets.
07:38She finds herself in the land of Oz,
07:39in need of the wizard who has the power to make her a famous singer.
07:42While timely jokes and gags are added throughout...
07:45They're Manolos!
07:48Manolos?
07:49Much of the story is easily recognizable
07:51as the classic that audiences know and love.
07:53The thing you were looking for was there all along.
07:55Jeez!
07:56Do you want to get home or not?
08:00While the backdrop of Oz is full of magic and wonder,
08:03the lead characters ultimately long to have aspects of humanity
08:06they feel are missing.
08:08Brains, a heart, and courage.
08:09And while there are witches and wizards,
08:11the magic that grants Dorothy's wish to return home
08:13was inside her all along.
08:16You've always had the power to go back to Kansas.
08:18Ultimately, the idea of humanity still roots the story,
08:22including the polarity of dark and light morals.
08:24In the story, good and evil are portrayed as clearly divided opposites
08:28with a beautiful, kind witch battling an ugly, evil witch for the upper hand.
08:33I've never heard of a beautiful witch before.
08:36Only bad witches are ugly.
08:37Modern retellings of The Wizard of Oz, however,
08:40challenge this idea that good and evil can be so black and white.
08:43Wicked, the Broadway musical based on the novel
08:45Wicked, The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West,
08:48invents the backstory of the wicked witch Elphaba,
08:51examining her friendship with Glinda, the good witch of the North.
08:54Elphaba has good intentions
08:56and hopes to fight injustices happening in Oz with her power,
08:59but is framed as wicked for stepping out of line,
09:02whereas Glinda follows the rules and exudes a clean, good image,
09:06even when her moralities don't align with the powers that be.
09:09Ultimately, it's a story of their strong friendship
09:11and how their bond shaped both of their futures
09:14while exploring the moral gray areas that all people face.
09:18In the limited sci-fi series Tin Man,
09:20D.G. happens upon the O.Z., or Outer Zone,
09:24and memories of her childhood there come rushing back,
09:27including remembering that the evil sorceress was actually her sister,
09:30who had come to be possessed by an evil spirit
09:32because of a choice D.G. had made as a child.
09:36This series asks the audience to question their perception of evil,
09:39as D.G. comes to realize that her mistake led to all of the tragedies
09:43that have come upon the O.Z.
09:45Sam Raimi's Oz the Great and Powerful
09:47sought to explore the battle between good and evil
09:49that rages inside each of us.
09:51The film delves into the backstory of the wizard himself,
09:54a deceptive conman who accidentally lands in Oz
09:56and is mistakenly believed to be the prophesied leader.
09:59He said that a great wizard bearing the name of our land
10:02will descend from the heavens and save us all.
10:05And here you are.
10:06As he reluctantly becomes involved in the troubles facing Oz,
10:09he transforms into a better man and the wizard as we know him,
10:13while being part of the climactic moments
10:14that determine whether the famous witches
10:16will choose goodness or wickedness.
10:18I know your wickedness is not your doing,
10:22and should you ever again find the goodness within you,
10:26you are welcome to return.
10:27Similarly, the short-lived television show Emerald City
10:31imagined the land of Oz cloaked in darkness
10:33and beset with Game of Thrones-level fantasy wars.
10:36Assumptions about good and evil are challenged
10:38as we follow the morally ambiguous Witch of the North,
10:41Witch of the West, and the wizard,
10:43who bans magic in order to retain power.
10:46Magic alone shall rule Oz.
10:49You will do exactly as the wizard did.
10:52Divide this world into break Oz...
10:54And who will stop me?
10:56Since the book was published over a century ago,
10:59this story of found family, figuring out who you are,
11:02and making the choice to do good
11:04has captivated audiences' hearts and minds.
11:07While some adaptations might just be cash grabs
11:09attempting to make bank off of known IP,
11:12others are clearly made with love
11:14and care for the original tale.
11:16Dorothy joining with her friends
11:17to find heart, brains, and courage
11:19and overcome any obstacle
11:20is something people can relate to across time.
11:23And creators are still building on Dorothy's hero's journey
11:27and the fantastical wider world of Oz
11:29to make something new out of the classic today.
11:32A revival of The Wiz is coming to Broadway in 2024,
11:35Joining Wicked,
11:35which is currently the fourth-longest-running show
11:38of all time on Broadway,
11:39and also has a 2024 film in the works.
11:42No matter how many times it's been retold,
11:43the beating heart of The Wizard of Oz
11:45continues to resonate with audiences and creators alike,
11:48drawing us all down the yellow brick road
11:50and into our own magical worlds.
11:53That's the take.
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