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03:10No outlet, no escape from this situation.
03:13You will only ever get one result.
03:16Violence.
03:17Fighting was almost a leisure activity for some men.
03:21They're living in poverty.
03:23They own nothing.
03:25They are looked down upon.
03:26They're disparaged.
03:27But the one thing that they've got is their fighting prowess.
03:31So in a poorer street, those men that were regarded as tough
03:35gained status with something that they had.
03:40Under these circumstances, it's pretty clear
03:45that violence wasn't just a means of survival.
03:48It was a way of expressing the frustrations
03:51and discontent with their lives.
03:53They're called sluggers from 1872 because they slog.
03:58And they are the worst gangs for violence
04:00and the most notorious gangs in Birmingham
04:03from late 1860s, really, to the turn of the 20th century.
04:07When you think about crime at that time,
04:10if we just try and make sense of it with some compassion,
04:12some of that crime would have been, in many ways,
04:14perceived to be out of necessity.
04:16So if you don't have any food
04:18and you want to keep your family alive,
04:20you're going to steal food for them.
04:21So I think, again, compassion for
04:23where some of that early criminal behaviour comes from.
04:26It was a very violent time and you can see lots of records
04:35and evidence of different weapons that would be used
04:37and they would use anything they could get their hands on.
04:39So generally, steel toe cap boots, belt buckles,
04:43any bits of brick or stones or anything they find on the floor,
04:46lots of evidence of assaults where objects and missiles
04:49have just been thrown at the other person.
04:51Their main weapon is their belts.
04:54They wrap the belt round the wrist.
04:58They grab hold and make sure they've got it caught
05:00in the palm of the hand
05:02and then they buckle it to leave it about eight inches
05:04and then they slash and they slash,
05:06cause terrible injuries.
05:08They are not organised criminals.
05:10These are all hooligans.
05:11If you've got to work six days a week
05:17from morning till night for pennies
05:18and with no way out,
05:21violence is a language.
05:23It's just the only way to be heard.
05:26But where do the Peaky Blinders fit into all this?
05:31Who were they?
05:33The term Peaky Blinder is a fashion statement.
05:37The Peaky Blinders are often called the bell-button crew.
05:40They wear bell-button trousers tight to the knee
05:43and then wide, 22 inches wide.
05:46And they have something like this scarf
05:48called a daff, a silkish type scarf.
05:52They're wearing a billycock.
05:53They have prison-cropped hair, really almost bald.
05:56But they're like a quiff.
05:58They like to show it off.
05:59So they steam the billycock
06:01and they make the brim into like a funnel
06:04and they pull it over one eye.
06:07Hence the brim's blinding the eye.
06:08And when the flat cap comes in,
06:11all they do, they just pull the cap over the eye to blind it.
06:15So they've got a distinct fashion.
06:17And the first time that the term Peaky Blinder
06:20is used in the press in Birmingham is March 1890.
06:22The mythology surrounding the Peaky Blinders
06:26is that they kept razor blades in their caps
06:28and that they used these as lethal weapons when required.
06:32I don't believe any gangster ever had a razor blade in their cap
06:36because it would be mentioned in the newspapers.
06:39I found no authoritative evidence
06:41that there were ever razor blades in caps.
06:46An inoffensive chap called George Eastwood
06:49goes into the bar of the Rainbow Pub
06:51on the corner of High Street, Bordsley and Adderley Street,
06:55not far from the boring.
06:57He's a teetotaler.
06:59Sadly, he's picked the wrong night.
07:00He's drinking a ginger beer.
07:07And three hard men with an evil reputation come in.
07:12And they insult him for drinking a soft drink
07:14and a chap called Thomas Mucklow,
07:16the captain of the gang.
07:20Says, what are you drinking that tack for?
07:22He says, mind your own business.
07:24I can drink what I want.
07:25And a 14-year-old lad was a witness
07:46and he said, they shouted, give it to him hot, lads.
07:51Oh, poor George, they did give it to him hot.
07:55So, after the attack on George Eastwood,
08:06the next day, there was an article in the newspaper
08:09reported on it saying it was by the Peaky Blind again.
08:16During the 1880s,
08:18you get the rise of the sensationalist press,
08:21the kind of modern tabloid press.
08:23And the way in which the media reports on crime
08:26is completely different at this point.
08:28They have these sensational headlines
08:29that are extremely eye-catching.
08:32The media is a really important part
08:34of the creation of a new criminal stereotype
08:37at the end of the 19th century.
08:41So, looking through the original newspaper articles
08:44at the time,
08:45it would appear that
08:46there isn't one specific gang
08:48called the Peaky Blinders.
08:51Even judges start to refer to poor criminals
08:54as being of the Peaky Class.
08:57Any criminal involved in theft,
08:59gambling, assaults,
09:00attacking police officers,
09:02they're all just called Peaky Blinders.
09:05And among the Peaky Class criminals,
09:07some of the very worst were the Sheldon Brothers.
09:10Stephen Knight,
09:14the creator of the television series,
09:16has said that the spark for the Shelbys
09:18was the Sheldons.
09:21The Sheldons had five brothers.
09:24Two of them were respectable.
09:26Three became three of the worst criminals
09:29and violent men
09:31in late Victorian and Edwardian Birmingham.
09:34John was the oldest.
09:35By 1881, when he was 15,
09:38he'd already got convictions
09:40and throughout the 1880s and 90s,
09:43he's a professional thief.
09:44He's not a man to be messed with.
09:47He, on one occasion,
09:49with a friend,
09:50he's coming out of a pub
09:51and they've taken a dislike
09:53to an Irish bloke,
09:54an old man,
09:55and they batter him in the street.
09:57He lives opposite with his daughter,
09:59the Irish bloke.
10:00His daughter comes over
10:01to try and stop them,
10:02pleading with them,
10:03please leave my father alone.
10:04Oh, no, they don't stop.
10:06Sheldon grabs hold of the poor young woman
10:08by the air,
10:09throws her to the ground,
10:11they drag her along the street,
10:12kicking her.
10:12That's the kind of man he was.
10:14The next oldest brother was Samuel.
10:18Only five foot one and a quarter.
10:20Despite his small size,
10:21he's a nasty, vicious man
10:23and he's scarred
10:25with the results of his fights
10:27on his arms,
10:29on his legs,
10:29on his hands.
10:31He's another man
10:31that you don't mess with.
10:33Like his brother,
10:34he has no respect for women.
10:35He's one of a group of men
10:37that burst into the house
10:38of a 16-year-old young woman.
10:41They smash the door down,
10:42she flees upstairs,
10:44and then,
10:44in court it said,
10:46they all committed
10:46a most disgusting assault upon her.
10:50Joseph is the youngest brother.
10:51In 1899,
10:54he's named as a member
10:56of the feared Bar Street Gang,
10:58and it's pretty certain
10:59that his two older brothers
11:00were in that gang.
11:02He's also given
11:03as a peaky blinder.
11:05So it appears
11:06what we have
11:07is this rapid rise
11:08in street violence,
11:10with people like the Sheldons
11:11at the forefront.
11:12That perception
11:13being fuelled,
11:14of course,
11:15by what we could call
11:16early tabloid journalists,
11:18fanning the flames
11:19of middle-class panic.
11:21In 1899,
11:22the gang problem
11:23was so bad in Birmingham
11:25that the chief constable resigned,
11:28and the Birmingham Watch Committee,
11:30the councillors
11:30that ran the police,
11:31fetched over from Ireland
11:33Charles Horton Rafter.
11:36Rafter realised
11:38as soon as he'd come in,
11:39the Birmingham police
11:40was badly undermanned.
11:42So he worked
11:44on a rapid recruitment campaign.
11:47Rafter insisted, though,
11:48that his recruits
11:50had to be tall,
11:51they had to be fit.
11:52That meant
11:53that these young,
11:55fit officers
11:55could now go about
11:57in pairs
11:57in the toughest districts
11:58where the reign
12:00of the ruffian
12:01was imposed
12:02by the peaky blinders.
12:04Before,
12:04many of these areas
12:05only had one policeman
12:06on a beat.
12:07Now there's two.
12:08They're big, strong lads.
12:10And the story
12:11that was passed on
12:11for generations
12:12in the Birmingham police
12:14was that Rafter
12:15asked three things
12:16of his recruits.
12:18Can you read?
12:19Can you write?
12:20Can you fight?
12:21Because they'd have to.
12:23In 1914,
12:34the outbreak
12:34of the First World War
12:35drained Britain
12:36of a great many
12:37of its fighting-age men.
12:39Perhaps unsurprisingly,
12:41the crimes
12:41that had been associated
12:43with the peaky class
12:44dropped.
12:45But we know
12:45that history
12:46never gives us
12:47any short answers.
12:48So what else
12:49contributed
12:50to this decrease
12:51in gang activity?
12:54There's organic factors
12:56that are working together.
13:00There's a High Church
13:01of England vicar
13:01called Father Pinchard
13:03who starts
13:03a rudimentary boxing club
13:05so they're learning
13:06respect, discipline.
13:08Football is becoming
13:10a really popular
13:11participation sport
13:13as well as
13:13a spectator sport.
13:15And instead of gathering
13:16on waste ground
13:17to play pitch and toss,
13:19they're playing football now.
13:22And just as the gangs
13:23are disappearing,
13:25the cinema comes in.
13:26And instead of
13:27joining a street gang,
13:29lads are going
13:29to the pictures
13:30two or three nights a week.
13:33But of course,
13:35all the social programmes
13:37in the world
13:38wouldn't be able
13:38to erase criminality
13:40completely.
13:41There were some
13:42who were all ready
13:43to embedded
13:44in a life of crime
13:45to ever step away.
13:49And there's one name
13:50that keeps coming up
13:52again and again
13:53in history books,
13:56police records,
13:58and arrest warrants.
13:59Not just in Birmingham,
14:01but up and down
14:01the country.
14:05William Kimber,
14:06born 7th of February,
14:091882.
14:10Born and raised
14:11in the tough
14:12Summer Lane area,
14:13notorious for his
14:14peaky blinders,
14:15it wouldn't be long
14:16before Kimber
14:17would have his first
14:18run-in with the law.
14:19His mum was an Irish
14:20Bromby,
14:21his dad was English,
14:22there is no suggestion
14:23that either of them
14:24were ever involved
14:25in any crime.
14:26But Kimber,
14:26at the age of 12,
14:28is birched
14:29for a petty theft.
14:30Now, that means
14:32that he's forced
14:34to lie down
14:34and they pull down
14:35his trousers.
14:36Then they take
14:38a bunch of
14:39robust birch twigs
14:41wired at one end
14:42and whip him.
14:44Again, I'm not
14:45excusing
14:46Billy Kimber's
14:47later criminality,
14:48but at an early age,
14:50the state is using
14:50violence against him.
14:52It would be
14:53remiss to think
14:55that it hasn't had
14:56an impact,
14:56something that significant
14:58in terms of being
15:00punished in that way,
15:03possibly being shamed.
15:04Shame is something
15:05that we don't talk
15:06about when we look
15:07at these acts,
15:07we just look at
15:08the act itself
15:08and we don't think
15:09about how vulnerable
15:10you are when you're
15:11in that position
15:11and the shame
15:13that comes with that.
15:14And I think
15:15these are all things
15:17that he used
15:20as fuel to get out
15:21and do anything
15:22he could to get
15:24out of that situation
15:25and never experience
15:26that again.
15:28He obviously
15:32learned to fight
15:33early on.
15:34The only Brummie
15:34I ever met
15:35who knew him
15:36said,
15:38Carl,
15:39he was strong
15:40as an ox
15:40and he fought
15:41like a lion.
15:42Then,
15:43with that reputation
15:45as the top man,
15:46the top fighter,
15:48he can control things.
15:50When you really
15:51get down to it
15:51on the streets,
15:53right here,
15:53right now,
15:54where it matters,
15:55violence is everything.
15:55but the threat
15:56of violence
15:57just in a moment
15:59is even more powerful.
16:01That's why people
16:02are very happy
16:03to let their deeds
16:04to be known,
16:05no matter how gruesome,
16:07because this sends
16:08a message.
16:09It's like psychological
16:10warfare.
16:10He came from a place
16:12where fear
16:13lived all the time.
16:16I imagine he lived
16:17in a state of fear.
16:19Am I going to get
16:20my next meal?
16:21Am I going to be beaten up?
16:22Are we going to be
16:23attacked as a family?
16:25So fear fueled this.
16:27He felt fear
16:28as a young person,
16:29and then he wants
16:30to become
16:30the instigator of fear
16:32because that's
16:32how you stayed safe.
16:35His favorite punch
16:36was to the solar plexus.
16:38Once you hit somebody
16:39really hard
16:40in the stomach,
16:41it makes them
16:42soil themselves.
16:43Now, can you imagine that?
16:45Not only are you
16:46being beaten up,
16:47not only are you
16:47bent over in pain,
16:49but you have
16:50been humiliated.
16:51It was very brutal,
16:53but the difference,
16:54you know,
16:54with him was
16:55he just had a polish
16:56that showed
16:58so much more
16:58street smarts.
17:02Billy Kimber
17:03was a fighting man,
17:06a feared fighting man,
17:08who, through his
17:10physicality,
17:12his fierceness,
17:13his viciousness,
17:15became the leader
17:16of a group
17:17of the most feared
17:18criminals in England
17:21at the time,
17:21the Birmingham gang.
17:24According to police reports
17:26by 1918,
17:27Kimber
17:28has become the leader
17:29of several small gangs.
17:32But street fighting
17:33was no longer
17:33the name of the game.
17:35Kimber
17:35was after money,
17:36real money.
17:38And where was he
17:38going to find that?
17:47Racing booms
17:49in the immediate aftermath
17:50of the First World War.
17:52Lots of men
17:52are coming home
17:53with payments
17:54from the army in Avon.
17:55A lot want to drink
17:56and gamble,
17:57enjoy themselves.
17:58There's masses of people
18:00going to racecourses.
18:02So all the money
18:03populated there,
18:04and of course
18:05all the people
18:05who wanted money
18:06populated there
18:07behind them.
18:08And by the early
18:0920th century,
18:10he's got a gang
18:11with his brothers
18:12Joe and Harry
18:13and other hard men
18:15who were going
18:16to the racecourses
18:17of the Midlands
18:19and the north of England.
18:21They're known
18:21as the Bromager boys.
18:22They pickpocket.
18:23And if you know
18:24you've been pickpocketed
18:25and tried to stop them,
18:26what's going to happen
18:27to you?
18:27They're going to
18:28doff you up badly
18:29because there's hardly
18:30any racecourse security
18:31and the few policemen
18:32there are scared.
18:36These gangs
18:37also blackmail bookmakers.
18:39You want to stand
18:40on that pitch.
18:41That's a good pitch.
18:42You've got to give
18:42us a fiver.
18:44You've got a stool
18:45you're standing on.
18:46Two and sixpence,
18:47that's 12 and a half pence
18:48a race.
18:48Six races,
18:49that's 15 shillings,
18:5075 pence.
18:51That's as much
18:51as a poor man
18:52could earn in a week.
18:54You've got a blackboard.
18:55You write on the blackboard
18:56the names of the horses.
18:58What do you need for that?
18:59A stick of chalk.
19:00Two and a tanner,
19:01two and sixpence a race.
19:03At Epsom,
19:04Doncaster.
19:05The big meetings,
19:07there could be hundreds
19:07of bookmakers.
19:09This is big income.
19:10Billy Kimber
19:11and his gang
19:12made at least
19:13£400 a day,
19:14which translates
19:15to £22,000 a day.
19:18About £8 million
19:19a year
19:20in today's money.
19:23Now,
19:24Billy Kimber
19:25and the Birmingham gang
19:26were running
19:27the racecourse rackets
19:28in the Midlands
19:28and the North.
19:29No challenges
19:30in the Midlands
19:30and the North.
19:31Up towards Newcastle,
19:33they've got their own gang
19:33and they don't bother
19:34with Scotland
19:34because the Glaswegian gangs
19:36run the racecourses
19:37up there.
19:37So it's no longer
19:38just fighting each other
19:39over territory,
19:40but actually the organisation
19:42of criminal rackets
19:43around betting,
19:45gambling,
19:46liquor licences.
19:48So they're a really
19:49distinctive new period
19:52of organised crime
19:53in the city.
19:54So,
19:55in a short space of time,
19:56Kimber's influence
19:57had become widespread.
20:00His gang,
20:01known as the Birmingham Gang,
20:02had terrorising racecourses
20:04up and down the country
20:05with no regards
20:06for the consequences.
20:13Could this man
20:14be the real
20:15Tommy Shelby?
20:16by the beginning
20:22of the 1920s,
20:23almost all of Britain's
20:24racecourses
20:25are under the control
20:26of one man,
20:28Billy Kimber.
20:29The Birmingham Gang
20:31and their London allies
20:33are extorting money
20:35from the bookmakers,
20:36but they're racist,
20:38they're anti-Semitic.
20:39He would target Jewish bookmakers
20:41in the East End.
20:42One of whom
20:43is a man called
20:44Alfie Solomon.
20:47Now, compared to Kimber
20:49and most other
20:50members of the gangs
20:52who deserted
20:53in the First World War,
20:55Solomon served with honour.
20:57He received three service medals
20:58and he comes out
21:00and he becomes a bookmaker.
21:01He's a secular Jewish man.
21:04His dad's got a green grocery business
21:05in Covent Garden.
21:07They had a servant growing up
21:08for his bookmaking.
21:11One event will change
21:12the course of
21:13Alfie Solomon's life
21:14like no other.
21:17And a really vile man
21:19called Tommy Armstrong,
21:22slugger,
21:23member of the Birmingham Gang,
21:25comes past
21:25and he's offering
21:2711 to 4 on a horse
21:29and Armstrong says,
21:32I'll have 12 quid on that,
21:33on the nod.
21:34That meant he wanted
21:36it on credit.
21:37If it loses,
21:38is he going to pay up?
21:39Of course he's not.
21:41But if it wins,
21:42does he want paying?
21:43Of course he does.
21:45Solomon says,
21:45no, I ain't taking the bet.
21:46I'm not having that.
21:48Anyway,
21:49it kicked off.
21:55The horse won.
21:57Armstrong's mucky drunk by now.
22:00He comes back,
22:01demands his money.
22:02Solomon refuses.
22:05Armstrong took his field glasses,
22:07his heavy viewing glasses,
22:09smashed them
22:11into the face
22:12of Alfie Solomon.
22:14He collapsed on the floor
22:16in a bloody mess.
22:17And then,
22:18Armstrong slammed him
22:20in his face
22:22with his boots.
22:23Solomon's left there prone.
22:32His face a bloody mass
22:33and with several teeth missing.
22:35This attack on Alfie Solomon
22:37transforms him.
22:39I've got no evidence at all
22:41before the attack
22:42that he was a vicious criminal.
22:44But afterwards,
22:45he certainly becomes one.
22:47Alfie Solomon seems to
22:49suddenly become violent
22:50out of absolutely nowhere.
22:51That shows to me underlying rage
22:54and it needed to be unlocked.
22:56Someone doesn't just become
22:57violent one day
23:00out of absolutely nowhere
23:01for no reason.
23:03I mean,
23:03he had a reason,
23:04he was beaten up.
23:05But that's not a reason
23:06to start a criminal career.
23:08So I think that unlocked
23:09a rage in him
23:10that he had
23:10for a very,
23:11very long time.
23:13Alfie Solomon
23:14was just another link
23:15in the chain.
23:16There are different groups.
23:17so you have the money earners
23:19and you have the people
23:20who need to enforce that.
23:21The enforcers,
23:23they'll go out
23:23and they'll do the street work
23:25and they'll break arms
23:26and they'll kill people
23:27and they'll dominate people
23:28and they'll collect the money.
23:29But really,
23:30that's all they're good for.
23:31But the bosses,
23:32the real organised crime figures
23:34that do very well at this
23:35and rise up,
23:36they can do both.
23:36Billy Kimber
23:43had gone from
23:44a backstreet thug,
23:46a petty criminal,
23:47to one of the first
23:49organised crime bosses
23:50in England.
23:51I think some of the crimes
23:52that we see Billy Kimber
23:54engage in
23:56are narcissistically driven.
23:57I think he
23:58became a little bit
23:59addictive to what
24:00he was getting
24:01and it felt really,
24:02really good
24:03and he felt he deserved
24:04more because of that.
24:05And I think that drove him
24:06to then want to go to London
24:07and kind of pursue
24:08crime there as well.
24:11Kimber and his boys
24:12had been raking in money,
24:14working the country's racecourses
24:16at their own personal gold mine.
24:18But one thing we know
24:19about organised crime
24:21is that when money's flowing,
24:23you better watch your bike.
24:26March 1921
24:27and London bookmaker
24:30Alfie Solomon
24:31has just been severely beaten
24:33by Billy Kimber's lieutenant,
24:35Tommy Armstrong.
24:38Alfie Solomon
24:39then turned to the governor
24:40of the Jewish East End underworld,
24:43Edward Emanuel.
24:45He was king of the underworld
24:47with the Jewish people
24:48of the time in the East End.
24:49He was really cunning.
24:50He knew how to put things together.
24:52Like Kimber,
24:53he's a fearsome fighter,
24:55a thug,
24:56a man who people are scared of.
24:58On one occasion,
25:00he has a fight.
25:00He gets shot.
25:02Even though he's shot,
25:03he chases the bloke down the street
25:05and batters him.
25:07But he's also,
25:08like Kimber,
25:09got something up here.
25:11He's got a brain.
25:12Edward Emanuel
25:13is a very clever figure.
25:15He's very,
25:16very good
25:16at what he does.
25:17Because he's one of the people
25:18who understands
25:19to keep in the background
25:20is where the real power is.
25:22And he was very good
25:23at moving guys around,
25:24which is another real trait
25:27of an organised crime boss.
25:29In my opinion,
25:30Edward Emanuel
25:30is England's first godfather.
25:35He wants to get rid of Kimber
25:37and his London allies
25:38from down south.
25:40But he's got a team
25:41of Anglo-Jewish tearaways,
25:43but on their own,
25:44they're not strong enough.
25:46Things move very rapidly
25:47after Solomon turns
25:49to Edward Emanuel for help.
25:51Emanuel turns to an up-and-coming
25:53young gangster.
25:57His mum is English.
25:59His dad was Italian
26:00but came to England
26:01as a youngster
26:02from Palmer in northern Italy.
26:04The Sabini gang
26:05were quite interesting.
26:06They were vicious thugs.
26:08There was about 300 members
26:09of the Sabini gang
26:10at its prime.
26:11Where they settled
26:12was in Clerkenwell
26:14in Little Italy,
26:16of course,
26:16just the other side
26:18of the east end of London.
26:21He started off
26:21as a bouncer, really.
26:23That was his first
26:25kind of innings
26:26into that world.
26:27He was a very rough
26:28and tumble,
26:29very, you know,
26:30in-your-face
26:31street brawler.
26:32And they're called in
26:33to back up
26:35Alfie Solomon
26:36and Emanuel's
26:37Anglo-Jewish tearaways
26:39against Billy Kimber's
26:40Birmingham gang
26:42and their London mates.
26:49And so began
26:50the biggest gang war
26:52this country
26:53had ever known.
26:54So the Birmingham gang
26:56and their London allies
26:57realise Sabini's been called in.
26:59They corner him
27:00at Greenford trotting track.
27:02They're shouting,
27:03we're going to murder him.
27:04They've got wood,
27:05planks of wood,
27:06they're hitting him.
27:07Somebody says,
27:07get a gun,
27:08shoot him.
27:09Luckily,
27:10he's saved by the police.
27:11It turns out
27:12that the gun
27:14wasn't registered.
27:15He should have really
27:16been prosecuted for it,
27:17but he got away with it.
27:18Throughout the spring
27:20and summer of 1921,
27:23there are shootings,
27:25beatings at racecourses
27:27and in London
27:28and around railway stations
27:30in the capital.
27:31It really was dangerous.
27:33Things are getting out of hand.
27:34This isn't good for business.
27:35The newspapers
27:36are picking up on this.
27:38Racecourse ruffians,
27:39ruffs of the turf,
27:40all these kind of phrases
27:41are being used.
27:42There's too much attention
27:43from the police.
27:44It's interesting, isn't it?
27:46The press attention
27:47only really gets going
27:48once there's a spectacle.
27:50When ordinary bookmakers
27:51were getting extorted,
27:53no-one really paid attention.
27:56So,
27:57someone calls
27:59a meeting.
28:02It's going to be
28:03at Collier Street,
28:04the house in King's Cross
28:05where Sabine is now living.
28:10They decide
28:11that they'll have to make peace
28:12for the sake
28:14of their businesses.
28:17Billy Kimber turns up
28:20with some of the McDonald's.
28:27They're having a good drink
28:28and he's going to leave.
28:30Who turns up?
28:31But Alfie Solomon.
28:33Now, they're racist.
28:34They hate Jewish men and women.
28:35And Kimber goes for him.
28:39Pulls a revolver
28:40and he calls him racist names.
28:44There's a scuffle.
28:46And in the scuffle,
28:47as Alfie Solomon's trying to stop
28:49Kimber from shooting him,
28:51the gun goes off.
28:53And the bullet actually goes
28:54into Kimber's back.
28:56Everybody disperses.
28:58Kimber's found unconscious
28:59on the street outside.
29:01He's sent to hospital.
29:02All allies of Kimber
29:04told me that
29:05that night,
29:08members of the London gang
29:09supporting Kimber
29:10and the Birmingham gang
29:11surrounded the hospital.
29:13It tells you the power
29:15that Kimber had.
29:18They go to court.
29:20Solomon admits
29:21that he accidentally shot Kimber.
29:24Billy Kimber is a witness
29:26who refuses to testify.
29:27And all he says is this.
29:29If he says he shot me,
29:31well, that's up to him.
29:32But only cowards use revolvers.
29:35And I would rather blow my brains out
29:37than use a shooter.
29:39The case is dismissed.
29:42But the worst was yet to come.
29:50What do we actually know
29:52about Billy Kimber?
29:53We know that Billy Kimber
30:00and the Birmingham gang
30:01are determined to maintain
30:03their dominance down south.
30:05But Edward Emanuel
30:07and Derby Sabine
30:08have other ideas.
30:10Epsom.
30:11Probably the biggest meeting of the year.
30:13The Birmingham gang decide
30:15they're going to really show
30:17who's in charge.
30:19The Epsom Derby,
30:20one of the biggest racing events
30:22of the year,
30:23was attended by over 200,000 people.
30:26But get this,
30:27they had no security.
30:29This is a gift for Billy Kimber.
30:32Birmingham gang members
30:33are going down there
30:34terrorising bookmakers.
30:36After racing,
30:38some Leeds bookmakers
30:39are leaving
30:40when they get attacked
30:42by 20-odd.
30:44Really vicious,
30:46horrible men
30:47from Birmingham.
30:49They had been paying protection
30:50to Kimber before,
30:51but it looks like
30:52they're moving towards Sabine
30:54and to Solomon.
30:56The Birmingham gang
30:57really inflict
30:59terrible injuries on them.
31:01And then they decide
31:02to go for a drink
31:03in a pub.
31:05Which is where
31:06they're eventually arrested.
31:08Out of the 20-odd,
31:0917 men are sent down.
31:12These 17 men
31:13belong to different little crews
31:15within the Birmingham gang.
31:16That weakens Kimber.
31:18He's lost 17
31:20of his most feared fighters.
31:23He then decides
31:25he's going to make
31:26a massive show of strength
31:28at Bath
31:28in the summer.
31:30The railway station
31:32at Bath
31:32suddenly
31:34is surrounded
31:36by a horde
31:37of Birmingham hard men,
31:39many of them
31:40not part of the Birmingham gang,
31:42but are attracted
31:42to Bath
31:43by the opportunity
31:45of having a pop,
31:47having a go
31:48at the Londoners,
31:49and particularly
31:50the Jewish Londoners.
31:52Kimber's there.
31:53His main fighters
31:54who are not in prison
31:55now are there.
31:57They start beating up
31:58Jewish bookmakers,
31:59and Kimber
32:01and another horrible
32:02Birmingham gang member
32:03batter
32:05Alfie Solomon,
32:06who goes down.
32:08They also
32:09attack his clerk,
32:11an inoffensive bloke
32:12called Charles Bild.
32:13They hit him
32:14with everything
32:15and then somebody
32:16smashes him
32:17with a sandbag.
32:19The poor bloke
32:20goes down
32:20and eventually
32:21when the police
32:21come to save him,
32:23he's unconscious,
32:24covered in blood.
32:25Billy Kimber
32:26gets charged
32:27for that assault.
32:27But in September 1921,
32:31when he goes to court,
32:32no-one shows up
32:33to give evidence
32:34against him.
32:35So the case
32:36is dismissed.
32:38But before they leave,
32:39Kimber's lawyer
32:39announces to the court,
32:41don't worry,
32:42there'll be no more
32:43of this trouble
32:44because this has
32:45all been sorted out.
32:48Cleverly,
32:49Edward Emanuel
32:49starts
32:50the Bookmakers
32:52Protection Association
32:53to stop
32:54the ruffianism
32:55on the turf,
32:56to stop the
32:57blackmailing
32:58of bookmakers.
33:00Well,
33:00what then happens
33:01is the jockey club
33:02like this,
33:03they're really upset
33:04by all the
33:04bad newspaper reports.
33:07People are going to
33:07stop coming racing
33:08if they don't watch it.
33:09So they back
33:10this new organisation
33:11which appears
33:12to be legitimate.
33:13The police then
33:14are quite happy
33:14because they can say,
33:15yes,
33:15this is a legitimate
33:16organisation.
33:17But what does he do?
33:18He employs
33:19Darby Sabini
33:21and his men
33:22as stewards
33:23to enforce order.
33:26But this was a very
33:26clever strategic move
33:28to protect
33:28the Jewish bookmakers
33:29that were constantly
33:30being threatened
33:31and attacked
33:32and preyed upon
33:33by, of course,
33:35Billy Kimber.
33:36This also
33:37legitimised
33:38Darby Sabini
33:39and everything
33:40that they needed
33:41to do next,
33:42including
33:42protecting
33:43all their organisation.
33:45Essentially,
33:46the Sabinis
33:47are untouchable
33:48because the
33:49jockey club
33:49in control
33:50of flat racing
33:51and the police
33:52like the idea
33:53of an official
33:55organisation
33:55which they can support.
33:57Emmanuel
33:58has won.
34:00The Birmingham boys
34:02have been outwitted.
34:04They can't operate
34:05down south anymore.
34:07So,
34:08the boys
34:09insist that
34:09no southern bookmakers
34:11can operate
34:11in the Midlands
34:12or the north
34:13ever again.
34:14It says here
34:15a meeting
34:17is finally called
34:18at Beresford's house
34:20to discuss
34:20terms of a truce.
34:25By September,
34:27newspapers are reporting
34:29that the gangs
34:30have divided
34:30England between them,
34:32that the Sabinis
34:33would have
34:34the south of England
34:35and that the Birmingham gang
34:37would have
34:37the Midlands
34:38and the north.
34:40This means
34:40that till the mid-1920s
34:42the Sabinis
34:43rule supreme
34:44on southern England's
34:46racecourses
34:47and those
34:47in London.
34:48But that was the time
34:49for Billy Kimber
34:50to walk away.
34:56What's fascinating
34:57about Billy Kimber
34:58and the Birmingham gang
34:59is that as soon
35:01is that as soon
35:01as he steps away
35:02the whole organisation
35:04disintegrates.
35:05They're all fighting
35:06each other again
35:07just like the slogging gangs.
35:09Without him
35:10at the centre
35:11it all just falls apart.
35:13Now,
35:14Emmanuel
35:14is moving
35:15slowly away
35:17from gangsterism
35:18into legitimacy
35:20and he sees
35:22an opportunity
35:22to start up
35:23a legitimate
35:25printing company
35:26which will print
35:27all the printing needs
35:28of the racecourse
35:30bookmakers
35:30their tickets
35:31instead of the chalk
35:33runners
35:34racing lists.
35:35He's clever enough
35:36to step back
35:37pull the strings
35:38of the Sabinis
35:39make money
35:40but start up
35:41a legitimate
35:42printing company
35:43the Portsea
35:44Printing Press.
35:45Now,
35:46down south
35:46the Jockey Club
35:47have decided
35:48they've got to take action.
35:50They bring in
35:50a new force
35:51of security men
35:52and the Sabinis
35:53are gradually
35:54pushed out
35:54but what they do
35:56they regroup
35:58in Soho.
36:00They take over
36:01the protection rackets
36:02of the illegal
36:03drinking clubs
36:04and the Spielers.
36:05They also
36:06extorted
36:07protection money
36:08from restaurant owners
36:10publicans
36:11not only
36:12in Soho
36:14but in their
36:14heartlands
36:15of King's Cross
36:16and Clerkenwell.
36:17Albert Dines
36:24and Bert Marsh
36:25leading towards
36:26Jack Spot
36:27and Billy Hill.
36:30He dies
36:30a broken man
36:31in 1950.
36:33Alfie Solomon
36:34was targeted
36:35by other gangs
36:35into the mid-1930s
36:37and unable
36:38to get police protection
36:39he then disappeared.
36:44Kimber,
36:44so it's said
36:45about 1926
36:47shoots through
36:47the windows
36:48of the Griffin
36:49one of the Sabinis
36:50hangouts
36:50and flees to America
36:52where it's said
36:53he kills a man
36:54and then he goes
36:55off to Chicago.
36:57Well who's running
36:58Chicago in 1926?
37:00Al Capone.
37:02Billy Kimber
37:02had a real depth
37:03of a person
37:04and you see this
37:05all the way
37:05through his journey
37:06from the street smarts
37:08to the brutality
37:09to the real
37:10CEO managerial
37:12decisions that he made
37:13even back then
37:14which of course
37:15positioned him
37:16as one of the
37:16leading lights
37:17of organised crime
37:18in the UK.
37:19Kimber comes back
37:20by now
37:22he's married
37:22to Elizabeth Garnham
37:25the sister
37:26of one of his
37:27pals
37:28from Chapel Market
37:29and he was then
37:30clever enough
37:31to realise
37:32when he was beaten
37:32that he needed
37:34to go legitimate.
37:35I think he was
37:36pushed into that
37:37as well
37:37by his wife
37:38who like Sabine's wife
37:39wanted middle class
37:41respectability
37:42for their children.
37:45Kimber would eventually
37:47settle in Devon
37:48in Torquay
37:49in a house
37:50overlooking the bay.
37:52He too
37:52would reinvent himself
37:54as a legitimate
37:54race course bookmaker.
37:57An advert he took out
37:58with the local paper
37:59would read
37:59bet with Bill Kimber
38:01a man who's reliable.
38:05And there's a real irony here
38:07because he becomes
38:08a leading member
38:09of the local
38:11Devon
38:12Bookmakers Protection
38:14Association
38:15the very organisation
38:16that in effect
38:17brought him down
38:18started by Kimber's
38:21nemesis
38:21Edward Emanuel
38:22as a means for him
38:23to take over
38:24down south
38:25but the BPA
38:26by the 30s
38:27has become
38:28a legitimate
38:29and respectable
38:30organisation.
38:32We know that
38:33eventually Billy
38:34did retire
38:35but prior to that
38:36psychologically
38:36he was on guard
38:37his whole life
38:38right from living
38:40in the slums
38:40in Birmingham
38:41and throughout
38:42his entire
38:42kind of criminal career.
38:44I think what that
38:45does to a person
38:46is it
38:47sets them
38:48in this constant
38:49sense of fight or flight
38:50which means that
38:51your adrenal system
38:52is activated
38:53which means that
38:53you can never
38:54really rest
38:55and I think
38:56that that is only
38:57sustainable
38:57for so long
38:59in terms of
39:00a person's
39:00lifespan.
39:01I don't think
39:02it's something
39:03that you can do
39:03forever.
39:08Kimber eventually
39:09dies in 1945
39:10in a nursing home
39:11and he died
39:14one of the last
39:16of the real
39:17Peaky Blinders.
39:18If we look at
39:19how Darby Sabini
39:21Alfie Solomon
39:22Billy Kimber
39:23are portrayed
39:23in the series
39:24there is a fundamental
39:26difference.
39:27Darby Sabini
39:28is depicted
39:29as a bella figura
39:30like a Sicilian
39:32mafia don
39:33elegantly dressed
39:35with a walking cane.
39:36He wasn't.
39:37He didn't wear
39:38fancy clothes.
39:39He wasn't elegant.
39:41He wasn't
39:41a bella figura.
39:43He wore a flat calf,
39:45a colourless shirt,
39:46working man's clothes.
39:48He didn't speak Italian.
39:49He regarded himself
39:50as an Englishman.
39:52Alfie Solomon
39:52is portrayed
39:53as an orthodox
39:54Jewish man.
39:56He wasn't.
39:57He was from a secular
39:58Jewish background
39:59whose family had been
40:00settled in England
40:00for generations.
40:01Billy Kimber is given
40:02as a Londoner,
40:04a small Londoner.
40:05He wasn't.
40:05He was a Brummie.
40:06I think people like
40:08the romanticism,
40:10the glamour
40:11of it all
40:12and this suggestion
40:13of a different society
40:17in Birmingham
40:19that people might not
40:20have otherwise
40:20been aware of.
40:21I think people
40:22will always be drawn
40:24to gangsters
40:24because in many ways
40:27they feel like
40:28the stuff of myth,
40:30partly because
40:31these men
40:33that we see
40:33and it's usually men,
40:35sometimes women
40:36but usually men
40:37are very
40:38good
40:40at creating
40:41stories
40:42and they're very good
40:44at creating
40:44legacy
40:45and human beings
40:47we like stories.
40:49They create a mystery
40:50and I think
40:50we're drawn
40:51to understanding
40:52that.
40:54What lessons
40:55should we take
40:55from the real
40:56Peaky Blinders
40:57and the gangs
40:59of the 1920s?
41:00Most importantly
41:02gang members
41:03and organised
41:04gangsters
41:05are not meant
41:06to be admired.
41:07These were not
41:08glamorous anti-heroes
41:09who people would
41:10look to for support.
41:12They weren't
41:13Robin Hood characters
41:14that looked after
41:14the poor.
41:16They preyed
41:16upon the poor.
41:18They were feared
41:18members of the
41:19working class.
41:20They didn't look
41:20after the poor
41:21and the Peaky Blinders
41:22they beat them up
41:22they bullied them.
41:24Sabini,
41:24Kimber,
41:26Emmanuel
41:26took money
41:28from poorer people
41:29whenever they could
41:30I suppose
41:31it's not really
41:31surprising
41:32that a fictional
41:33portrayal
41:34of a criminal
41:34organisation
41:35doesn't match
41:36with the reality.
41:38After all
41:38it's the job
41:40of historical
41:40fiction
41:41to impart
41:42glamour
41:42to the everyday
41:43to make it
41:44exciting.
41:46But what's
41:47fascinating
41:48isn't so much
41:49that a brilliant
41:50television series
41:51found a devoted
41:52audience
41:52is how little
41:53attitudes have
41:55changed.
41:56We're still
41:56convinced that
41:57criminality
41:58is largely
41:59a working
41:59class
42:00phenomenon
42:00and street
42:02gangs
42:02they're not
42:03a thing
42:03of the past
42:04they existed
42:05here in every
42:05city
42:06in the world
42:07but why?
42:10Perhaps
42:10there is something
42:11in hating people
42:12that makes them
42:13want to seek out
42:13fellowship
42:14community
42:15and when none
42:17exists
42:17construct their
42:18own
42:19but I suppose
42:20that's why
42:21we need the
42:21legends
42:21for when reality
42:23is not to our
42:24taste
42:24legends
42:26don't often
42:27leave room
42:28for ordinary
42:28folk
42:29I remember
42:45the sickness
42:46was forever
42:48I remember
42:51snow videos
42:53close up
42:56the distances
42:58we cover
43:00the fist
43:01fights
43:01on the
43:02feet
43:03when
43:06the
43:07people
43:08will
43:09get
43:10to
43:11see
43:12how
43:13you
43:13can
43:14see
43:16how
43:17you
43:17can
43:18see
43:18how
43:19you
43:20can
43:20see
43:21how
43:22you
43:22can
43:23see
43:24how
43:25can
43:26see
43:27what
43:27you
43:27can
43:28see
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