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July 1, 1944 – Bretton Woods, New Hampshire]

Rain lashes the windows of the Mount Washington Hotel. Inside, the air is thick with tension. Delegates from 44 nations sit around long tables, papers scattered, voices raised.

The war is still raging. Europe lies in ruins. But here, in this quiet mountain town, something extraordinary is unfolding.
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A new world is being built—not with tanks or treaties, but with ledgers, currencies, and trust.

The Bretton Woods Conference has begun.

World War II was destruction on an industrial scale. Cities reduced to rubble. Economies shattered. Currencies worthless.

But amid the devastation, a question loomed: How do we rebuild the world’s financial system?

The answer would come not from generals, but from economists.

This video covers the establishment of the dollar as a global reserve and the roots of modern finance. Learn about the agreement that shaped the modern IMF and the beginning of major financial crisis.
Before the war, global finance revolved around gold and the British pound. But Britain was broke. Its empire crumbling.

The United States, untouched by invasion and supercharged by wartime production, emerged as the new economic titan.

Factories hummed. Banks swelled. The dollar surged.

At Bretton Woods, the U.S. proposed a radical idea: make the dollar the world’s reserve currency, backed by gold.

It was bold. Controversial. But it worked.

The dollar became the anchor. Other currencies pegged themselves to it. Stability returned.
Out of Bretton Woods came two institutions that would define global banking:

The International Monetary Fund (IMF): to monitor exchange rates and lend to struggling nations.

The World Bank: to fund reconstruction and development.

These weren’t just bureaucracies. They were lifelines.

War-torn countries could borrow. Invest. Rebuild.

For the first time, global finance had rules. Oversight. A safety net.
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Transcription
00:00July 1944. Amidst the chaos of a world at war, delegates from 44 allied nations gathered in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.
00:09The global financial system was fragmented, currencies unstable, and cooperation limited before this pivotal moment.
00:16World War II's devastation demanded a new order, a structured system to rebuild and prevent future economic collapse.
00:24The Bretton Woods Agreement established fixed exchange rates, pegging currencies to the U.S. dollar.
00:31The dollar, convertible to gold at $35 per ounce, became the linchpin of this new international monetary system.
00:38The International Monetary Fund, or IMF, was created to monitor exchange rates and provide crucial financial assistance.
00:46Alongside it, the World Bank emerged, tasked with financing reconstruction and fostering global development.
00:52This era solidified the U.S. dollar's dominance, propelling America to an economic superpower.
00:59Though the Bretton Woods system ended in 1971, its legacy of cooperation and institutions profoundly shaped modern global banking.

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