00:00The Great Pyramid was created as the final resting place of ancient Egyptian monarch Khufu.
00:12According to legend, French leader Napoleon entered the Great Pyramid and came back out looking shaken and super pale.
00:20He never revealed what he saw inside, but whatever it was, it's said to have affected him for the rest of his life.
00:26When Napoleon entered the pyramid, he would have walked through a super tight and ascending passageway.
00:32He'd then go through another passageway, known as the Great Chamber.
00:37This corridor would have been much taller than the previous one, and would have cobbles too.
00:42He'd then reach the King's Chamber, the centerpiece of the Great Pyramid, which was lined with huge blocks of granite.
00:49But it wouldn't have looked as grand as we might imagine.
00:52There are no hieroglyphics decorating its walls, as Egyptians only began decorating the burial chambers of pyramids much later on.
01:00The pharaoh's tombs deep inside the pyramid would have also been filled with treasures, from chunks of gold to the world's most expensive jewelry.
01:09But this would have all been looted a long time ago.
01:13The only thing that probably would have been left in there would have been a huge sarcophagus, which would have once contained the king's mummy.
01:20He'd also have to walk past the queen's chamber.
01:24This room most likely didn't hold any queens, though, as pyramids were usually only built for one person.
01:30There are mysterious tunnels leading from here.
01:33To this day, no one is really sure what they're there for.
01:37And that's not the only mysterious and creepy thing Napoleon may have encountered,
01:41as stories of pharaohs leaving ancient curses on pyramids go way back.
01:46Many pyramids had warnings written on the outside, telling of horrifying things that would happen to those who entered and disturb the peace.
01:55We might not know what exactly Napoleon found in the Great Pyramid that scared him so much,
02:00but we know for sure what was found in Tutankhamen's tomb.
02:05Tutankhamen was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who was only eight or nine years old when he took to the throne.
02:10He became a cultural phenomenon when his tomb was discovered almost completely intact in 1922.
02:18His pyramid sits in the Valley of Kings in Thebes, modern Luxor, which is in Egypt.
02:24Unlike the Great Pyramid, Tutankhamen's tomb was covered in beautiful wall decorations.
02:29The walls told the story of how he would travel to the afterlife through the underworld.
02:33Egyptians believed all people would have to take this journey,
02:37so they would fill their tombs with objects and paintings to help them get there.
02:42There'd also be spells painted on the walls.
02:45They believed this would help people pass over to the next realm.
02:48The journey would be pretty long, and for that reason,
02:52the ancient Egyptians would also fill the pyramids with food.
02:55Tutankhamen's pyramid was filled with eight fruit baskets.
02:59They even found something called gingerbread fruit in there.
03:02The rooms were jam-packed with furniture, statues, clothes, and staffs, amongst a whole bunch of other things.
03:10You'd likely find a lot of clothes and expensive jewelry in the pyramids as well.
03:14The ancient Egyptians wanted their ancestors to travel in style to the afterlife.
03:19They put Tutankhamen in his final resting place with over 50 pieces of clothing, all of the highest quality.
03:26There were tunics, scarves, gloves, and headdresses, and a ton of jewelry.
03:31Bracelets, pennants, necklaces, rings, and scarabs for protection were all found inside.
03:38Each of them was made of gold or precious stones.
03:41There were also fans made of ostrich feathers to keep the old pharaoh cool in the hot Egyptian sun.
03:47But the temperature inside the pyramids never actually went above 68 degrees Fahrenheit.
03:53The ancient Egyptians developed a super cool air conditioning system that we don't fully understand even today.
04:00Tutankhamen's pyramid also contained 130 walking sticks made from ebony, ivory, silver, and gold to help him on his journey.
04:09There were three chariots hidden away in case he got tired of all the walking.
04:13They also put 11 boat paddles inside, but there was no sign of any boat.
04:19The pyramids would be littered with the pharaoh's favorite scents and perfumes.
04:23During the excavation of Tutankhamen's pyramid, it quickly became clear that it had been robbed during ancient times.
04:31There was damage to doors and traces of oils left in empty jars.
04:35It looked like someone raided the pyramid for gold and the scents, perfumes, and oils that had been left for King Tut.
04:42There was still a bit of perfume, which was made from coconut oil and frankincense, left in one bottle.
04:49It seems like pharaoh Tutankhamen loved board games.
04:52There was an ivory traveling set of Senet in his pyramid.
04:56Although we don't know for sure exactly how to play it, we have figured out it was sort of an ancient Egyptian version of backgammon.
05:03It looks like it was a two-player game where the goal was to knock your opponent off the board.
05:09Not really sure who Tutankhamen's mummy was supposed to play with, though.
05:13The ancient Egyptians had some rituals that may seem pretty strange to us.
05:17For example, they used to shave their eyebrows off if they ever lost a cat.
05:22So it's not too surprising they put some really weird things inside pyramids.
05:27Archaeologists discovered a collection of mummified cats and scarab beetles in pyramids that date back more than 4,000 years.
05:36They were found in the pyramids of Saqqara, which is south of Cairo.
05:40They also found a bunch of makeup kits and mirrors inside.
05:43Makeup was worn proudly by both men and women in ancient Egyptian times.
05:48Eyeliner was the most popular cosmetic.
05:51The Rosetta Stone was one of the best discoveries ever made in pyramids.
05:55It was found by our man Napoleon Bonaparte and his team.
05:59It's a black granite rock that dates back to 196 BCE.
06:04It's transcribed in Greek, Demotic, and Hieroglyphic.
06:08When it was translated in 1822, we got the key to understanding ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics for the very first time.
06:16The discovery of Queen Hatshepsut's mummy in 1903 changed our understanding of the Egyptians forever.
06:24After she had passed away, her successor, Sadmusi III, removed most of the evidence of her reign.
06:31So we basically knew nothing about Egypt's first great female leader.
06:35She's now gone on to become one of the few and most famous female pharaohs of Egypt.
06:40Pharaoh Khufu even had a fully-fledged boat in his pyramid.
06:44Archaeologists uncovered more than 1,200 pieces of a giant boat near the Great Pyramid at Giza.
06:51They reassembled the boat, and it's a whopping 144 feet long.
06:56It's most likely a solar boat, which was designed to carry the resurrected king with the deity Ra.
07:02Fun fact!
07:03The Pyramid of Giza is the last remaining of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
07:08The other six are the Hanging Gardens, the Colossus, the Temple of Artemis, the Mausoleum, the Lighthouse, and the Statue of Zeus.
07:17This pyramid was also the world's tallest man-made structure for 3,800 years, and it's the biggest pyramid in Egypt.
07:25It took a staggering 2.3 million blocks of limestone, and some weighed as much as 80 tons.
07:31It took an incredible 100,000 laborers and a whopping 23 years to build.
07:37Its original height was a mega 480 feet.
07:41In 2017, archaeologists discovered something weird about Egypt's Great Pyramid.
07:47There's a hidden void that's at least 100 feet long, and no one really knows why it's there or what's actually inside it.
07:54The Weird Void is the first inner structure discovered within the 4,500-year-old pyramid since the 1800s.
08:02Scientists used cosmic rays to detect the massive hole, but are still no closer today to finding out what's inside.
08:10The ancient Egyptians took a lot of care building the pyramids, and everything was strategically placed and structurally sound.
08:17So it's super unlikely that this hole is due to blocks falling over time.
08:21Loads of pyramids also contained small model figurines called Ushabti.
08:27These represented attendants.
08:29They believed they would come to life to serve the pharaohs in the afterlife.
08:33But it's amazing that all this stuff actually fit inside.
08:37There isn't actually a huge amount of space inside the structures.
08:40It's mostly just rock.
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