New Diabetes Category Emerges: ‘Type 5’ Tied to Malnutrition

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00:00New diabetes category emerges, type 5, tied to malnutrition.

00:05In April 2025, the International Diabetes Federation recognized type 5 diabetes, linked to malnutrition,

00:13and formed a global working group to develop diagnosis, treatment guidelines, and research.

00:18This group will also create a worldwide registry and train healthcare professionals on this new diabetes form.

00:24Type 5 diabetes, distinct from types 1 and 2, arises from malnutrition-impairing pancreatic development

00:34and insulin production, mainly affecting malnourished youth in low-income countries.

00:40Unlike type 1's autoimmune causes and type 2's insulin resistance, type 5 is linked to

00:45severe childhood or adolescent malnutrition without obesity or insulin resistance.

00:54Type 5 diabetes affects 20 to 25 million people, mainly in Africa and Asia, and requires

01:00accurate diagnosis to avoid dangerous insulin overuse.

01:04Recognition as a distinct type enables safer treatments, often using oral meds instead of

01:09high-dose insulin.

01:13Dr. Meredith Hawkins' 2022 study showed type 5 diabetes stems from insulin deficiency, not

01:19resistance, prompting its official recognition in 2025.

01:24Patients show low visceral and liver fat, and gene mutations like TCF2 or HNF1B may increase

01:31risk.

01:35The International Diabetes Federation New Working Group, led by Dr. Hawkins and Dr. Thomas,

01:40will set diagnostic standards and affordable treatment plans for type 5 diabetes by 2027.

01:46Dr. Hawkins calls this recognition a critical step in addressing a long-overlooked global health

01:52equity issue.