What Are Staghorn Kidney Stones? (Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment)

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00:00What are staghorn kidney stones? Symptoms, causes, and treatment.

00:05Staghorn stones are large branching kidney stones.

00:08They commonly occur on one body side and are found less often in men

00:12and can be linked to UTIs with urease bacteria.

00:15There are four kidney stone types. Calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cysteine.

00:22Calcium oxalate crystals, common in urine, often cause kidney stones.

00:28These account for 80% of kidney stones, harming kidney function.

00:32Excess uric acid causes hyperuricemia, forming uric crystals linked to various conditions.

00:39Excessive cysteine in urine leads to kidney stones that may lodge in the urinary tract.

00:44Cysteunuria causes repeated stones without a cure.

00:47Struvite stones, caused by upper urinary tract infections, form from urine chemicals, then move.

00:53Staghorn calculus symptoms include fever, side pain, hematuria.

00:59Surgery, especially PCNL, is essential for stones greater than 2.0 centimeters.

01:05In the 1940s, low phosphate and calcium diet reduced staghorn stones risk, confirmed by a 1968 study.

01:13Increasing urine volume, ideally 2.5 to 3 liters daily, effectively manages kidney stone risk.

01:20Calcium carbonate reduces urinary oxalate.

01:23Calcium citrate boosts citrate.

01:26Supplement if needed.

01:27Limit high oxalate foods, consumed with fluids and calcium to reduce absorption impact.

01:33Limit vitamin C supplements to under 1,000 milligrams daily to reduce oxaluria, preventing stone formation.

01:40Excess animal protein intake from beef, pork, poultry, or fish elevates uric acid levels, increasing uric acid stone risk significantly.

01:50Excess salt elevates calcium excretion, raising kidney stone risk.

01:54Monitor sodium intake by checking food labels carefully.

01:58Omega-3 fatty acids in oily fish like mackerel reduce calcium excretion, lowering stone risk.

02:04More research is needed on their benefits.

02:07Staghorn stones, magnesium ammonium phosphate, cause kidney failure.

02:1230% mortality risk, 10-15% in developing countries.

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