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00:00Solomon's Temple stood in Jerusalem for almost 400 years.
00:12It was the crown jewel of Jerusalem and the center of worship to the Lord.
00:17Almost half of the Old Testament writings took place during the time when Solomon's
00:21temple was still standing.
00:24Understanding the significance of its location, history, and design can greatly add to one's
00:29reverence for one of the most holy places in the world.
00:36The city of Jerusalem is located in an area of three major valleys, the Hinnom, the Central
00:42or Tyropian, and the Kidron Valley.
00:45The mountain range between the Central and Kidron Valley is called Mount Moriah.
00:51The peak of the mountain is a large protruding flat rock, which is now located under the
00:56dome of the rock.
00:58According to Genesis 22-2, Abraham was commanded to sacrifice Isaac in the region of Moriah,
01:05connecting the Temple Mount with this significant event.
01:09At the time of King David, the area of Jerusalem was controlled by the Jebusites, the city only
01:15occupying the southern part of the Central Ridge.
01:19When David captured the city in about 1000 BC, he made Jerusalem his capital.
01:26David then moved the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem and began preparations for building a permanent
01:31structure to replace the portable tabernacle of Moses that had been used for over 400 years.
01:39With the ancient city of Jerusalem being fairly small, David purchased the threshing floor of
01:45the Jebusite, so he could expand the size of the city.
01:49Being higher than the city of David, the hilltop would make a beautiful place to build the Temple
01:55of the Lord.
01:57Under the reign of David's son, King Solomon, the temple construction began.
02:02After seven years of construction in about 960 BC, Solomon finished building the Temple, most
02:09likely built over this same protruding rock of Mount Moriah.
02:14Solomon also built himself a new palace just south of the Temple and expanded the walls of
02:19the city up towards the peak of Mount Moriah.
02:25The Temple of Solomon was modeled after the Tabernacle of Moses.
02:29Because of the many similarities between the Tabernacle and the Garden of Eden, many scholars
02:34believe that the Garden of Eden was the prototype for the Tabernacle, and thus later temples.
02:40According to Jewish tradition, Eden was located on a hill, with the Tree of Life and the Tree
02:46of Knowledge of Good and Evil at the center of the hill.
02:49The Bible teaches that when Adam and Eve transgressed and partook of the forbidden fruit, they were
02:54cast out towards the east.
02:57Cherubim and a flaming sword were then placed at the east entrance to prevent them from partaking
03:03of the Tree of Life, as they would then live forever in their sin.
03:07In order to return back into the presence of God, Israel had to symbolically retrace the
03:13steps of Adam and Eve, passing the cherubim and re-entering the garden in a westward direction.
03:19The Tabernacle was set up in this same east-to-west progression, seeming to replicate the Garden
03:26of Eden.
03:27The Tabernacle was divided into three main courts, the Outer Court, the Holy Place, and
03:33the Holy of Holies.
03:35The Outer Court represented the fallen world, while the Inner Courts represented a more sacred
03:41and holier way of life.
03:43In essence, as the priest, who represented all of Israel, progressed through the Tabernacle,
03:48or temple, he left the world to enter a more holy state, and then was enabled to re-enter
03:55the presence of the Lord, passing the angels or cherubim who were embroidered on the veil.
04:02Solomon's temple replicated this same three-level progression, doubling the floorplan size of
04:07the Tabernacle's sanctuary for the temple structure.
04:11As one approached the Temple of Solomon, the first thing noticed was the brazen altar of
04:17sacrifice.
04:19The altar was twenty cubits long and wide and ten cubits high, a cubit being the length from
04:24the elbow to the tip of the longest finger, or about one and a half feet.
04:30On the four corners of the altar were four horns, horns often representing power.
04:36This is where the sacrificial animals were burned, representing the future sacrifice of
04:42the Savior Jesus Christ.
04:44On the southeast side of the temple was the molten or brazen sea, which rested on the backs
04:50of twelve oxen, three pointing in each of the cardinal directions.
04:55In ancient times, oxen represented strength, and the number twelve often represented the twelve
05:00tribes of Israel.
05:02Water from the larger brazen sea was poured into ten bronze water basins on both sides
05:07of the temple, which could then be wheeled around the outer court for various washing
05:12and cleansing rituals by the priests.
05:15Around the south, west, and north sides of the temple were three floors of chambers or
05:20storage rooms.
05:22The inside wall of the chambers was stepped so as to create a ledge where the timbers of the
05:27floors could rest.
05:29The storage rooms were accessed by a door on the south side of the temple, with wooden
05:33ladders going up into each of the floors.
05:37At the front of the temple were two large bronze pillars that flanked the porch.
05:42The pillar on the left was named Boaz, and the pillar on the right was named Joaquin.
05:47The tops were decorated with lilyflower petals and pomegranates.
05:53The walls were a sign of prosperity and posterity because of their many seeds, and were also
05:59found on the bottom hem of the clothing of the high priest.
06:03The main temple doors were made of two large bifolding doors covered in gold with cherubim,
06:09palm trees, and open flowers.
06:11The Bible describes the door frame as being a fourth part of the wall, which most scholars
06:16believe means that the door had four stepped frames.
06:21The interior doorway of the Holy of Holies was similar, except having five frames instead
06:26of four.
06:28The priests who represented Israel were the only ones allowed into the inner temple.
06:34This means that Israel only could enter through being represented by the priests.
06:40Once you entered the main doors, you entered the Holy Place, a large room 40 cubits long,
06:4620 cubits wide, and 30 cubits tall.
06:49The room was overlaid with gold and decorated with cherubim, palm trees, and open flowers,
06:55possibly alluding to the beauty of the Garden of Eden.
06:59The room was lit by ten large menorahs, five on each side of the room, that were constantly
07:05burning, and narrow windows on each side of the top of the room.
07:10On the right side of the room was located the table of showbread, which had twelve large
07:14flat pita-like loaves.
07:17The priests ate and then replaced the showbread every Sabbath, similar to our weekly partaking
07:23of the communion or sacramental bread.
07:26Breaking bread and sharing a meal with someone in ancient times represented that you were at
07:31peace with them, and was a sign of brotherhood, love, and forgiveness.
07:37Directly in front of the Holy of Holies was the altar of incense.
07:41The altar was similar to the altar of sacrifice in that it had a square footprint, and also
07:46had four horns, one on each of the corners.
07:50However on the altar of sacrifice was burned the flesh of animals, while upon the altar of
07:55incense burned a sweet combination of incenses.
07:59The incense burning before the veil of the temple represented the prayers of the saints
08:04ascending to God before the veil.
08:06A reminder that before we can enter God's presence, our lives, prayers, and actions must
08:13become a sweet savor unto the Lord.
08:17Only the high priest was able to enter the Holy of Holies, and only on one day a year,
08:22the Day of Atonement.
08:24Before entering, the high priest passed through a beautifully embroidered veil woven from purple,
08:29red, blue, and white threads.
08:32The colors were the same as used in the ephod and breastplate of the clothing of the high
08:36priest, minus the gold thread.
08:39Embroidered on the veil were cherubim, who symbolically guarded the dwelling place of God.
08:45As the high priest passed through the veil, he had to pass these angels, who, like in the
08:50garden of Eden, guarded the way back to the presence of the Lord.
08:55Upon entering the Holy of Holies, you would find that the room is in the shape of a perfect
08:59cube, being twenty cubits wide, long, and tall.
09:03The walls were likewise overlaid with gold and decorated with cherubim, palm trees, and
09:09open flowers.
09:10Two large cherubim flanked the Ark of the Covenant, which was in the center of the room, with their
09:16wings stretching from one side of the room to the other.
09:20This room is where the presence of the Lord would dwell and represented the final goal and
09:26destiny of all Israel.
09:29Solomon's Temple was not only a landmark for the city of Jerusalem, but more importantly,
09:34the dwelling place of the Lord.
09:37The layout represented Israel's progression back into God's presence and was designed to
09:42teach Israel that it was only through the infinite sacrifice of the sinless Messiah that they
09:48could once again enjoy the presence of the Lord, a sacrifice that would be performed on
09:54a cross only a short distance from this holy mountain.
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