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Bettany Hughes Treasures of the World - Season 4 Episode 1 -
Croatia
Croatia
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00:00I'm on the trail of wonders to treasure
00:05Precious clues from the past
00:08She's full of sensuous promise
00:11With unmissable experiences
00:14I adore Dolphin so much
00:17And they're playing with us
00:19Hidden sights in unexpected destinations
00:23No way
00:24I've never seen anything like that before
00:26Okay, ready? Let's go
00:29Let's go
00:32I'm on a global voyage of discovery
00:34To explore our shared heritage
00:36And how our past shapes all of our lives
00:42This time, I'm heading to southern Croatia
00:47Through time, this stunning landscape
00:50Has inspired people to do incredible things
00:56History is waiting for us
00:58Great
01:01I can't quite believe they've written down here
01:05A place glittering with traditions
01:08Jivoli! Jivoli!
01:12And where the gifts of the sea made history
01:16The stone age knives!
01:22I mean, how awesome is that?
01:25Nestled on the eastern edge of the Adriatic
01:38Croatia boasts a stunning shoreline
01:41Stretching across 1,700 kilometres
01:44With over 1,000 islands
01:46You can come here and take the rudder
01:48And you're going to be the captain
01:49Okay, unexpected, but alrighty!
01:54On its southern coast, the history-rich region of Dalmatia
02:01Where waterways have shaped lives for millennia
02:08This is the way to live
02:09Am I doing okay, Alec?
02:11You don't need me anymore
02:13I'll have to sleep
02:14I definitely, I definitely, definitely need him
02:18Welcome to the wonderful treasures of Croatia
02:22First, the intriguing island of Kortula
02:34A luxurious setting for the TV blockbuster Succession
02:39Where local legend claims medieval explorer Marco Polo was born
02:45Kortula is home to layers of history
02:52Some long lost to the waves of the Adriatic
02:57Dalmatia is made by the sea
03:00But my investigations are actually going to start under the water
03:03Because I've been tipped off
03:05There is the most incredible excavation
03:08That's happening just over there
03:15Marte Peridra and his team have been working here since 2021
03:21When they discovered a mysterious, underwater, Stone Age world
03:30It's like this in the boat, don't you?
03:32Oops
03:43This white area
03:44Yeah?
03:45This is the probes that we find a road
03:47Road is going in that direction
03:51A Stone Age road?
03:56Marte, why have they got a road in the Stone Age?
03:59Yes, because they made an artificial island with the coastline
04:03Yeah
04:04And that road connects this settlement to the coast of Kortula
04:08So it's a settlement and they've made an artificial island in the Stone Age
04:14But, like, for protection or because they're trading here or?
04:19We suppose that some kind of protection
04:22Probably this settlement is focused on the maritime trading
04:26They bring some stuff from Italy
04:29Yeah
04:30From other destinations and trade in the Eastern Age
04:38So that's...
04:39Yep
04:40You're marking out where it is?
04:41That is the marking
04:46History is waiting for us
04:48Great!
04:49Great!
04:50What a great day
04:56Okay, ready?
04:57Let's go
04:58Okay, ready?
04:59Let's go
05:17It's incredible to think that in 5000 BCE all this would have stood above water
05:26A stunning feat of engineering
05:29The seabed is absolutely littered with clues
05:32With clues
05:55He's coming back up, I think he might have something
05:57Have you got something?
06:03Have you got something?
06:04Look
06:05Yeah
06:06We find some plinth blades
06:09Oh...
06:10Is that okay to hold?
06:11Yes, yes
06:12Carefully
06:13No way
06:14So this is...
06:15Yes
06:16For cutting?
06:17Yeah, for cutting
06:18It's characteristic for a Neolithic
06:19Yeah
06:20And this...
06:21Hang on a second
06:22So this that I'm holding is probably around 7000 years old
06:26Yes, yes
06:277000 years
06:28Look, look, look, look
06:29So they'd have used this maybe for slicing meat or leather or...
06:34Yeah, everything
06:35Everything
06:36Yeah
06:37Wow
06:39Oh, that is awesome
06:41That's awesome
06:42And there's a lot of this stuff down there, isn't there?
06:44Yeah
06:46Where is the flint coming from?
06:48Probably it's from the Monte Gargano in Italy
06:51That's what shows you that they're travelling and trading
06:54Yes
06:55American trade
06:56Trade
06:57And everything else
06:58Amazing
06:59So it's like a sophisticated Stone Age civilization
07:03Yeah
07:04So look at this
07:05Look, they're Stone Age knives
07:07I mean, how awesome is that?
07:10From Italy
07:11So they're like choosing to get this material
07:15And that shows how sophisticated they are 7000 years ago
07:19But I'm slightly anxious about holding them
07:21Can I give them back to you?
07:22No, thank you
07:23Thank you
07:24I really do not want to drop those
07:26Thanks, Mother
07:29Nice
07:30Yeah
07:31Nice, eh?
07:34This unique site
07:36Completely alters our understanding of how Neolithic people in the region lived
07:41And what they were capable of
07:43You've got beautiful, decorated pottery and bones that are being worked
07:49And this, look at this, it's a little tiny
07:50Yeah
07:51It's an arrowhead, isn't it?
07:52Yeah, we find a lot of them
07:54Where on the boat you described it as an artificial island
07:58But I mean, that's incredible
07:59That's in the Stone Age, in prehistory
08:02Yes, it's a very good organization
08:04And how did you find it? How did you know it was here?
08:07We saw that on the satellite image
08:10We saw something, but we didn't know, is this natural?
08:14Yeah
08:15Or is it artificial?
08:17And we, after we died, we said, okay, yeah, this is something
08:21Totally
08:22This is something, yeah
08:24Neolithic people are often thought to be nomadic hunters
08:28But this site points to them living in sophisticated settlements
08:32And creating international trading networks
08:35The evidence also reveals a taste for the finer things in life
08:41My eye is being caught by these two things
08:43And they're in water, this is sea water
08:46Or is this desalinating them?
08:48Yes
08:49So it's taking the soil out
08:50Yes
08:51But what are these two beautiful things?
08:53This is head of the needle
08:55It's very good work, very precision work
08:57You say a needle, but it looks more like something you'd use to decorate your hair
09:01Yeah
09:02More like a hair pin
09:03There's a food find that's totally unexpected
09:07And these, I mean, I just almost dare not ask about these
09:10Because it looks to me like this is
09:12Almonds
09:14Because these layers are without oxygen
09:17Yeah
09:18And we can find all organic things
09:20So we find a lot of pits of shells of the almond
09:26Find three olive pits
09:29Olive stones?
09:30Olive stones, yeah
09:31Yeah, two of them
09:32Yeah
09:33Yeah, you see that?
09:34Because this is rewriting the story
09:35Yeah
09:36Because what we're told is that olives don't arrive here until
09:39From the Greek time
09:40From the Greek time
09:41Yeah, but it's not true
09:42No
09:43But I think that trade and communication was a bigger deal than we think
09:49Yeah, but isn't that amazing to think of them here with their beautiful paved roads
09:54Yeah
09:55Enjoying almonds, olive oil
09:57Yeah
09:58A little fresh, fresh olive
10:00Wearing something beautiful in their hair, you know, decorating themselves
10:03Yeah
10:04And we send it for radiocarbon date
10:05Yeah
10:06And also 7,000 years old
10:09It's just incredible
10:12Because all of this put together, all these bits of evidence
10:16It really is, it's rewriting the story of what we think of civilization
10:22Because it's starting much, much, much further back
10:25Yes, yes
10:26It's for the first time in the Adriatic Sea
10:28Yeah
10:29Prehistoric seafarers
10:30Yes
10:31Well, I'm honestly, I'm so grateful that you've let us come here and see all this as it's happening
10:37And it's just, you know, it's astonishing
10:40It's truly astonishing seeing this and seeing the place where it came from
10:51There's one other prehistoric treasure on the island
10:54I just have to show you
11:01It's just so awe-inspiring here, isn't it?
11:16Ah, so archaeologists who are working here, this is called the Great Cave
11:21Have discovered evidence of women and men living here as long as 18,000 years ago
11:29So that's right back to the Ice Age
11:32Which would have meant there'd have been people here at the same time as that community
11:35Who are creating that beautiful settlement under the sea
11:38So isn't that fabulous to think about that?
11:41Women and men carving out a prehistoric life for themselves
11:46Both ends of the island
11:47The people who lived here were Stone Age communities actually going right the way back to the Ice Age
12:01And they were really pioneering, so, you know, they obviously traded in ships
12:07They developed these amazing settlements for themselves
12:10You know, they were, it was tough to live back then
12:13But they're developing these rich, nourishing lives for themselves
12:20And in many ways leaving us the foundations of the lives that we live today
12:39My next treasure on Croatia's Dalmatian coast is one of the best preserved defence systems in the world
12:48The walls of Ston, designed to protect a natural wonder
12:54700 years ago, the Republic of Ragusa thrived in Dalmatia
13:01Their land territory was modest, but Ragusa became a maritime power
13:07Punching above its weight, combining cosmopolitan diplomacy with commerce across the waves
13:15In 1399, the Republic acquired Peldrishak
13:19A slender, mountainous peninsula
13:22The rugged hills are dotted with ancient local burials, Roman villas
13:28And some of the world's steepest vineyards
13:31Famous since antiquity for their potent red wines
13:35But for medieval Ragusa, Ston was a vital source of a particular income
13:43Because the shallow bay here provides what they called white gold
13:49These have been in use since Roman times
14:04Which makes these salt pans the oldest working salt pans anywhere in Europe
14:11Hello! Hello! Hello!
14:17Yeah! Is this your salt pan cat?
14:21Are you a Croatian salt pan cat?
14:23Yeah, I bet there have been cats here in Roman times as well
14:27Oh nice, keeping a look!
14:29You cannot overstate how important salt was in pre-modern times
14:35Without fridges, it was how you preserved everything
14:39Salt alone brought in one third of all income to the Republic of Ragusa
14:45Our bodies don't produce salt, but we can't live without it
14:53These salt pans yield 500 tonnes every year
14:57So although this fruit of the sea represented a lot of cash
15:02One pool was always reserved for the poor
15:06So they too could access this life essential
15:10You've got to come and have a look at this
15:17Isn't it awesome?
15:20So this is where all the salt is stored
15:23And there were piles of salt like this going right back 2,000 years here
15:29And do you know what?
15:30There's actually a direct connection between the Roman salt industry
15:34And our own lives because the Latin word for salt is sal
15:41And there's another word that they used which was salarium
15:44And a salarium was either money that was given to Roman soldiers
15:48To buy their salt rations
15:50Or a salarium was when Roman soldiers were actually paid in salt
15:55And it gives us our word salary
15:57So it's like the ancient world reaching out across to us
16:01And it's lovely here, it's really beautiful
16:04It's very sort of timeless and calming and magical for some reason
16:11It's lovely
16:12By luck, the day we're here, there's a festival celebrating local food and wine
16:37In vino, vino, vino, vino, veritas
16:47In vino, vino, vino, veritas
16:52In vino, vino, veritas
16:56Something else the Romans did hear was start oyster farms
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19:21HoareF***
19:24Time to walk off all that indulgence
19:34The twin towns of Stonn and Maelystonn, or Little Stonn
19:37Carefully controls access to the wealth of the peninsula
19:46A crucial pinch point kept safe
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22:51because Split was home to a game-changing Roman Emperor Diocletian
22:58You can really get a sense of Diocletian's character from this exquisite gold coin that I am incredibly lucky to be allowed to hold
23:11Just look at his expression, he's really ferocious and he's got this close cropped military style beard with a laurel wreath in his hair
23:21And then if you just look at the back of the coin there, there's an image of Jupiter, the king of the gods brandishing a spear and holding Victoria who was the goddess of victory in his hand
23:36And this was minted in the year 290 CE in what's now modern day Turkey
23:42And this was the time when Diocletian was also associating himself with Jupiter
23:47So basically he was telling the world, like the king of the gods, I am super powerful, I'm indomitable, I'm pretty much omnipotent
23:58He ruled the Empire with an iron fist for 20 years, strengthening borders and unleashing a ferocious persecution of Christians
24:10He also established the Tetrarchy, splitting the Roman Empire into East and West
24:17Two emperors, the Augusti, shared rule, assisted by two junior leaders, the Caesars
24:25In his early 60s, Diocletian did something extraordinary
24:31Something no emperor had ever done before or would do again
24:35He voluntarily retired to this mega palace
24:45This is the Golden Gate and it gives you access inside Diocletian's original palace
24:55His seaside retirement home was completed in 305 CE
25:05Its design, rectangular with towering walls, four entrance gates and 16 defensive towers
25:12Echoes the structure of a Roman military camp
25:16With the Empire under threat, the fortified palace was a safe haven
25:20Evolving into a city that still thrives today
25:31In Diocletian's time, the palace was a fusion of luxury and military might
25:37Where he etched his legacy in stone
25:40This is basically a grand entrance hall where Diocletian would welcome visitors from right across the Empire
25:57And he'd be raised on a podium underneath a canopy
26:00And it's really interesting because obviously I'm here in Croatia
26:03But just look at where the materials come from
26:06So these granite columns are from Asia Minor
26:09What's now? Turkey
26:11And over there, there's a sphinx from Egypt
26:16So even though he wasn't emperor anymore
26:19It's all a reminder of Diocletian's enduring power
26:22Within a vast, interconnected empire
26:29Diocletian was not shy about coming forward
26:33He'd wear purple robes and a golden crown
26:37And he hated being in Rome
26:39Because there, they treated him like a human being
26:42Whereas here, they treated him like a god
26:45Archaeologists who are working here have lent me this awesome graphic map that they're producing of the city beneath the city
27:10So this is the bay where I came in by boat
27:14This is the whole city here
27:16And they're literally mapping the city beneath the city
27:18Look
27:19So this is Diocletian's palace
27:21Amazing
27:23I spent the night just here
27:27Next to the vestibule
27:29So where I'm heading
27:31Is this little white mark here
27:32Which I think is just around this corner
27:40I think this is right
27:41This is right
27:59I can't quite believe they've stepped me down here
28:02So what I'm standing in right now
28:05Would have been a furnace
28:07A huge kind of oven
28:09For heating hot air
28:11To go in here
28:13Look, look at this
28:15I mean look at that
28:17That is just pure Diocletian period
28:19Hang on, in we go
28:21So these are part of this hypercore system
28:24So they're the bases of pillars
28:26So actually the floor would have been above me
28:27And it heated air for the baths
28:31Diocletian's baths
28:33So where I'm standing right now
28:35Is basically in his private apartments
28:38In his private chambers
28:40So I'm experiencing
28:42The sensual pleasure
28:44Enjoyed by a Roman emperor
28:471700 years ago
28:52And today, it's my home too
28:54And if you're lucky enough to stay here
29:08Then you get to spend the night
29:10Surrounded by the walls of a Roman emperor's palace
29:17Spending a night within the palace walls
29:19Gives you a unique connection to the past
29:21While the bustling streets outside
29:25Keep it alive
29:27With a big dose
29:29Of Croatian hospitality
29:30Thrown in
29:32Hi!
29:34You need to try this
29:36Typical from Croatia
29:38And also you need to try this way here
29:40Okay, also typical from Croatia
29:43Yeah, also
29:45You are very kind
29:47And I feel incredibly welcome
29:48Here in Split
29:49What do you say?
29:50Jiveli?
29:51Jiveli
29:52Jiveli
29:56Ice
29:57Lovely
29:59Like this, or?
30:00Yeah, I haven't got a hand
30:01But I'll go and put it down
30:03You have just two hands, or?
30:05Just two hands, just one mouth
30:07Thank you, ciao
30:08So this happens a lot in Croatia
30:11Randomly people come up
30:13I think they've seen the programs
30:14And it's because they love history
30:15And they just kind of ply us with food and drink
30:18It's hard to actually know about this
30:19This is a walnut liqueur
30:21It's very delicious
30:22Come out of a sneaky sip
30:23Mmm, and I might give this to the crew
30:36So this extraordinary building here was originally Diocletian's mausoleum
30:42But the incredible irony is that after his persecution of all of these Christians
30:48That burial place has been changed into a church
30:55To add insult to injury, it now honors St. Dominus
31:01Once the local bishop, who was killed on the orders of Diocletian himself
31:06Diocletian's plans for a powerful pagan Roman Empire soon fell apart
31:12And his tetrarchy descended into brutal civil war
31:19What a city this is
31:23There's a great story because we're told that towards the end of his life
31:27Diocletian became really keen on growing vegetables
31:31And when imperial officers came to try to persuade him to become an emperor once more
31:35He said, just tell all that to my cabbages
31:40How could I possibly exchange a never-satisfied greed for all this peace?
31:50He may not have been able to save the old Roman religion
31:54Or keep his empire together
31:56But his palace and the extraordinary city that now lives within it
32:00Are a legacy to be proud of
32:04We're sailing right into Dubrovnik now
32:21We're sailing right into Dubrovnik now
32:24And it's really interesting because there's a possibility
32:27That the name Croatia come to a really ancient route
32:31Meaning one who guards
32:33And certainly through time
32:35This coastline's protected the very rich interior of the country
32:38So you get these amazing fortified cities all along the coastline
32:43And arguably Dubrovnik is the best
32:46Yes, of course
32:48Thank you
32:49Thank you
32:56My final stop, Dubrovnik, has been called the Pearl of the Adriatic
33:02Where natural wonders were proudly protected
33:06And the gifts of the earth traded
33:10I can hear all the swallows coming in at the end of the day
33:15Isn't that beautiful?
33:16Isn't that beautiful?
33:18And if there are any Game of Thrones fans out here
33:22This is like Walter Bay
33:24This city's story begins with the sea
33:30A haven for refugees from the turmoil following the fall of the Roman Empire
33:35The city thrived
33:37Growing into a great port
33:40Ragusa
33:42The origin of the name of the medieval Republic of Ragusa
33:45That would flourish on the Dalmatian coast
33:48By the 14th century
33:50Ragusa
33:52Or Dubrovnik as we know it
33:53Rivaled its one-time master Venice
33:57Just across the Adriatic
33:59And the city is still revealing new secrets
34:03This is a place that's full of hidden gems
34:15Some of Dubrovnik's most precious treasures are hidden in the Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary
34:26Raised in 1667 after an earthquake that devastated the city
34:33I'm lucky to get in before the crowds
34:38And I'm promised a bit of a surprise
34:41Closely guarded within are extraordinary medieval relics
34:55Many a thousand years old
35:02Including the arms and head of St. Blaise
35:06The patron saint of Dubrovnik
35:09Encased in some of the silver and gold that this treasure city traded
35:15Helping to make it so rich
35:36Seismic activity here
35:39Uncovered
35:41Another marvel
35:46This cathedral is just full of wonders, isn't it?
35:50But there was an earthquake here in 1979
35:53That revealed something truly astonishing
35:56Hello, this is Yvonne
35:58And Yvonne, hi, and Bettany, hi
36:00Thank you so much for coming
36:01So Yvonne's promised to reveal it to me
36:05And I've got a funky feeling it's down here
36:07Yeah, and let's go down and see
36:10Archaeologist Yvonne Wieden
36:13Is devoted to uncovering Dubrovnik's treasures
36:17Yvonne, it's incredible
36:18Is it okay for me to come in?
36:20Yeah, please do
36:22Yvonne, this is totally incredible
36:25So we're kind of, what, two meters, three meters?
36:27Yeah, two and a half meters, yeah, at least
36:29Down here, archaeologists discovered the cathedral had been rebuilt three times across the centuries
36:40With earliest remains dating back to the late Roman period
36:45So we are entering the main site, the main nave of the so-called Byzantine Cathedral
36:50So they knew that there was something here from the 12th century, so it was kind of a crusading time
36:57But what we're standing on now goes centuries back before that
37:00Yeah, centuries back, yeah, yeah
37:01It's really cool
37:03Is it okay to tread here?
37:04Yeah, just be careful about the curbs
37:06I will, be careful about it, thank you very much
37:08Thank you very much, yeah
37:15But look, Yvonne, look at that
37:17Yeah, this is the ebbs
37:18Yeah
37:19And the bishop's chair, the bishop's cathedra
37:21Yes
37:22And the fresco paintings
37:23Because this, all this cathedra was completely covered in frescoes
37:26But they're so fresh, those colours
37:35Yeah, they are, really
37:41But this is at least a thousand years old
37:43At least a thousand years, exactly
37:44It's really fascinating, this
37:46Because if this pushes back the dating of Dubrovnik, it completely changes the story
37:50Yeah
37:51The story, it was said that these refugees came here and founded it
37:53But this would have been earlier than that
37:55Yeah, this goes centuries back
37:56Yeah
37:57And it's still an open question of debate among scholars about this first centuries of Dubrovnik
38:02Yeah
38:03But don't you love that about history?
38:05You get these little secrets that are revealed
38:08And then the whole story of the place changes
38:10Yeah, it's like a circle of questions and answers all over again, yeah
38:13Because every answer gets you another question
38:17Yeah, amazing
38:18Thank you so much for letting me down here
38:20You're welcome, yeah
38:21Oh, awesome
38:31Dubrovnik has been forged by its dynamic geography
38:35And has benefited from it too
38:38All in abundant evidence on the tiny island of Lokrum
38:43A short ferry ride from the city
38:48It's just so peaceful here
38:49And the plants are nice
38:50It's just so peaceful here
39:03And the plants are nuts, aren't they?
39:06And there's a reason for that
39:08The Benedictine monks who were once here nourished foliage as a kind of act of worship to God
39:16And then centuries later this island sort of became a botanical scientific experiment when plants from Europe, Asia and Africa were all grown together and now they're beautifully entwined in this kind of glorious hymn
39:31To life
39:32Over the centuries many household names from history have found their way here
39:34Over the centuries many household names from history have found their way here
39:35Here
39:36One of the centuries many household names from history have found their way here
39:37Over the centuries many household names from history have found their way here
39:43One of the people to experience all of this was a medieval king of England no less Richard the Lionheart
39:44One of the people to experience all of this was a medieval king of England no less Richard the Lionheart
39:49Who came here in 1192 on his way home from the Crusades and the story goes
39:56Over the centuries many household names from history have found their way here
40:01One of the people to experience all of this was a medieval king of England no less Richard the Lionheart who came here in 1192 on his way home from the Crusades
40:17And the story goes there was a terrible storm and his boats were shipwrecked along these shores
40:24But the islands gave him sanctuary and so in thanks he decided to found a church in this lovely place
40:39It's just incredible thinking about everybody who's come here because it was such a thoroughfare and
40:46And I'm loving it just sitting and looking at this now
40:49But other people tourists and travelers and you know adventurers and crusaders even would have had the same experience
40:56So yeah, it's lovely being here. It's a beautiful place, but it's got beautiful memories this place too
41:03Dubrovnik's freedom was ferociously protected
41:16For over 500 years the city's intimidating walls almost two kilometers long and up to six meters thick in places kept its people safe
41:27And this inscription which by the way is on what was the red keep in the game of thrones pretty much says it all
41:47So it translates as freedom cannot be bought for all the gold in the world
41:56That freedom was solely tested from 1991 when Dubrovnik was besieged by the Yugoslav People's Army during the Croatian War of Independence
42:08Mihaila Skuric, who lived through that siege, is a champion of the city's heritage
42:15You could not have a better view than this
42:18It's amazing, isn't it?
42:20So brilliant to meet up here because you get such a sense of how the city is entwined with nature
42:26Yes, it is. It's walled by its marvelous city walls, but you see the gardens inside, you see there's even one vineyard
42:35And the sea, you know, it's all connected to the sea, isn't it?
42:40You can't actually picture it without it
42:42And you know, you're the same as me
42:44Because as historians you can just imagine all the ships that would have come here trading salt and silver and silk
42:52Yes, they brought so many goods to the city and so many news, but what Dubrovnik kept was always its freedom and its legacy
43:00Liberty is on the flag of Dubrovnik
43:03Yes, it's the most important value that we inherited from our ancestors
43:07For my generation, it's very, very important because we know that it took so many skills and efforts to protect it
43:14And throughout the history, people of Dubrovnik really made magnificent tasks of preserving it for future generations
43:25Because you were a child here, weren't you, during the War of Independence?
43:29Yes, I was just 11 years old
43:31And we all fled, you know, to Dubrovnik thinking that it would never be attacked
43:36But it was attacked, it was shelled and it was under siege for several months
43:41And many of our greatest monuments were damaged back then
43:46You know, any building, it's not just a building, it carries memory and history and identity
43:51It's important to save them, to restore them, but for its cultural value
43:57But what means to us, being its inheritors, it's the identity they give to us
44:04Yeah
44:05So our city has provided so much to us and it still is doing the same job
44:10And it is the foundation of our being here
44:13So it's a city to be cherished
44:15You know, our city, Dubrovnik, has been actually like a member of our family
44:20Honestly, just look at that place
44:30Dubrovnik's a real reminder that when cities work with nature, they succeed
44:37And thanks to the persistent resilience of its citizens
44:42Even despite being pounded by earthquakes
44:46This really is a pearl that hasn't just survived, it's thrived
45:09The Adriatic has forged the spirits and the stories of Croatia
45:15And it feels as though these waves and this beautiful sea
45:19Have beaten out this kind of vibrant narrative
45:22Full of optimism and opportunity and inspiration and prosperity
45:28And sheer enjoyment
45:30That has nourished this place from the time of ancient seafarers
45:34Right up until today
45:36Here in Croatia, natural resources were celebrated and respected
45:44Fostering an expansive interconnectedness with the wider world
45:49A testament to harmony between us, the land and the sea
45:55And the sea
45:56And the sea
45:58And the sea
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