Bettany Hughes Treasures the World Season 4 Episode 1
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Short filmTranscript
00:00I'm on a global voyage of discovery to explore our shared heritage and how our past shapes all
00:09of our lives. This time I'm heading to southern Croatia. Through time this stunning landscape
00:19has inspired people to do incredible things. This story is waiting for us. Great.
00:30I can't quite believe they've kept me down here. A place glittering with traditions. Jivoli! Jivoli!
00:42And where the gifts of the sea made history.
00:49That's Stone Age 9! I mean, how awesome is that?
01:00Nestled on the eastern edge of the Adriatic, Croatia boasts a stunning shoreline stretching
01:11across 1,700 kilometres with over 1,000 islands.
01:18You can come here and take the rudder. We're going to be the captain.
01:22OK. Unexpected, but, er, all righty.
01:27On its southern coast, the history-rich region of Dalmatia, where waterways have shaped lives
01:34for millennia.
01:37This is the way to live. Am I doing OK, Alec?
01:42You don't need me anymore. I'll go to swim.
01:44I definitely, I definitely, definitely need him.
01:47Welcome to the wonderful treasures of Croatia.
01:59First, the intriguing island of Korcula.
02:04A luxurious setting for the TV blockbuster Succession, where local legend claims medieval explorer Marco Polo was born.
02:15Korcula is home to layers of history.
02:22Some long lost to the waves of the Adriatic.
02:27Dalmatia is made by the sea.
02:29But my investigations are actually going to start under the water, because I've been tipped off.
02:35There is the most incredible excavation that's happening just over there.
02:40Marte Perida and his team have been working here since 2021,
02:50when they discovered a mysterious, underwater, stone-age world.
02:57This white area, this is the probes that we find a road.
03:17The road is going in that direction.
03:19A stone-age road?
03:25Marte, why have they got a road in the stone-age?
03:28Yeah, because they made artificial island with the coastline,
03:33and that road connects this settlement to the coast of Korcula.
03:38So it's a settlement, and they've made an artificial island in the stone-age,
03:43but for protection, or because they're trading here, or...?
03:48We suppose that some kind of protection.
03:51Probably this settlement is focused on the maritime trading.
03:56They bring some stuff from Italy, from other destinations,
04:02and trade in the eastern Adriatic.
04:07So that's...
04:09You're marking out where it is?
04:11That is the marking.
04:13This story's waiting for us.
04:18Great.
04:19Great.
04:19What a great day.
04:27Okay, ready?
04:28Let's go.
04:28Let's go.
04:43It's incredible to think that in 5000 BCE,
04:52all this would have stood above water.
04:55A stunning feat of engineering.
04:59The seabed is absolutely littered with clues.
05:02He's putting us up.
05:26I think he might have something.
05:27Have you got something?
05:29Look.
05:30Yeah.
05:31We find some flint blades.
05:32Oh.
05:33Is that okay to hold?
05:34Yes, yes.
05:35Carefully.
05:36No way.
05:37So this is...
05:38Yes.
05:39For cutting.
05:40Yeah, for cutting.
05:41Yeah, for cutting.
05:42It's a characteristic for a Neolithic.
05:43Yeah.
05:44And this...
05:45Hang on a second.
05:46So this I'm holding is probably around 7,000 years old.
05:47Yes, yes.
05:48Seven thousand years old.
05:49Look, look, look, look.
05:50So they have used this maybe for slicing meat or leather or...
05:52Yeah, everything.
05:53Everything.
05:54Yeah.
05:55Wow.
05:56Oh, that is awesome.
05:57That's awesome.
05:58And there's a lot of this stuff down there.
05:59Yeah.
06:00Where is the flint coming from?
06:01Probably it's from the Monte Gargano in Italy.
06:02That's what shows you that they're traveling and trading.
06:03Yeah.
06:04Yeah.
06:05Yeah.
06:06Yeah.
06:07Yeah.
06:08Yeah.
06:09Yeah.
06:10Yeah.
06:11Yeah.
06:12Yeah.
06:13Yeah.
06:14Yeah.
06:15Yeah.
06:16Yeah.
06:17Yeah.
06:18Yeah.
06:19Yeah.
06:20Yeah.
06:21Yeah.
06:22Yeah.
06:23Yeah.
06:24Yeah.
06:25Yeah.
06:26Yeah.
06:27Definitely.
06:28Yeah.
06:29Yeah.
06:30Yeah.
06:31Yeah.
06:32Yeah.
06:33Yeah.
06:34Yeah.
06:35So look at this, look, they're stone age knives.
06:36I mean, how awesome is that?
06:39From Italy.
06:40So they're like choosing to get this material.
06:44That shows how sophisticated they are 7,000 years ago.
06:49But I'm slightly anxious about holding them.
06:50Can I give them back to you?
06:51them back to you. I really
06:54do not want to drop those.
06:57That's
06:58my day.
07:00Nice, eh?
07:03This
07:04unique site
07:05completely alters our understanding
07:08of how Neolithic people in the region
07:10lived and what they were
07:12capable of.
07:13You've got beautiful, decorated
07:16pottery and bones
07:18that are being worked. And this, look at this,
07:19it's a little tiny, it's an arrowhead. Yeah,
07:22we find a lot of them.
07:24Where on the boat you described it as an
07:25artificial island?
07:27But I mean, that's incredible. That's
07:29in the Stone Age, in prehistory.
07:32Yes, it's a very good organisation.
07:34And how did you find it?
07:36How did you know it was here?
07:37We saw that on the
07:39satellite image. We saw something
07:42but we didn't know is this
07:44natural or is it
07:46artificial? And we,
07:48after we dived, we said, okay,
07:49yeah, this is something.
07:52Totally.
07:54Neolithic people
07:55are often thought to be nomadic
07:57hunters, but this site
07:59points to them living in sophisticated
08:01settlements and creating
08:03international trading networks.
08:05The evidence also reveals
08:07a taste for the finer things
08:09in life.
08:11My eye is being caught by these two things
08:13and they're in water.
08:15This is sea, or is this
08:17desalinating them?
08:18Yes.
08:18So it's taking the salt out?
08:20Yes.
08:21But what are these two beautiful things?
08:24This is head of a needle.
08:25It's very good work, very precision work.
08:27You say a needle, but it looks more like
08:29something you'd use to decorate your hair.
08:31What's a hair pin?
08:33There's a food find that's totally unexpected.
08:37And these, I mean, I just almost dare not ask about these
08:40because it looks to me like this is...
08:42Almonds.
08:44Because these layers are without oxygen
08:47and we can find all organic things.
08:50So we find a lot of pits of shells of the almond.
08:56Find three olive pits.
08:59Olive stones?
09:00Olive stones, yeah.
09:01There are two of them.
09:02Yeah?
09:02Yeah.
09:03You see that?
09:04Because this is rewriting the story.
09:05Yeah.
09:06Because what we're told is that olives don't arrive here until...
09:09From the Greek time.
09:10From the Greek time.
09:11Yeah, but it's not true.
09:12No.
09:13But I think that trade and communication
09:16was a bigger deal than we think.
09:19Yeah.
09:19But isn't that amazing to think of them here
09:21with their beautiful paved roads?
09:24Yeah.
09:25Enjoying almonds, olive oil.
09:27Yeah.
09:27A little fresh, fresh olive.
09:29Wearing something beautiful in their hair.
09:31You know, decorating themselves.
09:33Oh, yeah.
09:33And they send it to Radio Carbondate.
09:36Yeah.
09:36They're also 7,000 years old.
09:39It's just incredible.
09:42Because all of this, put together,
09:44all these bits of evidence,
09:46it really is rewriting the story
09:50of what we think of civilization.
09:52Because it's starting much, much, much further back.
09:55Yes, yes.
09:55It's for the first time in the Adriatic Sea.
09:58Yeah.
09:58Pre-historic seafarers.
10:00Yes.
10:01Well, honestly, I'm so grateful
10:03that you've let us come here
10:05and see all this as it's happening.
10:07And it's just, you know, it's astonishing.
10:10It's truly astonishing seeing this
10:12and seeing the place where it came from.
10:20There's one other prehistoric treasure on the island
10:23I just have to show you.
10:26It's just so awe-inspiring here, isn't it?
10:46So, archaeologists who are working here,
10:49this is called the Great Cave,
10:50have discovered evidence of women and men
10:54living here as long as 18,000 years ago.
10:59So that's right back to the Ice Age,
11:02which would have meant there'd have been people here
11:03at the same time as that community
11:05who are creating that beautiful settlement under the sea.
11:09So, isn't that fabulous to think about that?
11:11Women and men carving out
11:14a prehistoric life for themselves,
11:17both ends of the island.
11:25The people who lived here were Stone Age communities,
11:29actually going right the way back to the Ice Age.
11:31And they were really pioneering.
11:33So, you know, they obviously traded in ships.
11:37They developed these amazing settlements for themselves.
11:41You know, it was tough to live back then.
11:43But they're developing these rich,
11:47nourishing lives for themselves
11:50and in many ways leaving us
11:53the foundations of the lives that we live today.
11:55MUSIC PLAYS
11:57My next treasure on Croatia's Dalmatian coast
12:13is one of the best-preserved defence systems in the world.
12:19The walls of Ston,
12:21designed to protect a natural wonder.
12:25700 years ago,
12:27the Republic of Ragusa
12:29thrived in Dalmatia.
12:32Their land territory was modest,
12:34but Ragusa became a maritime power,
12:37punching above its weight,
12:39combining cosmopolitan diplomacy
12:41with commerce across the waves.
12:45In 1399,
12:47the Republic acquired Peldrishak,
12:49a slender, mountainous peninsula.
12:53The rugged hills are dotted
12:55with ancient local burials,
12:57Roman villas,
12:58Roman villas,
12:58and some of the world's steepest vineyards,
13:02famous since antiquity
13:03for their potent red wines.
13:06But for medieval Ragusa,
13:08Ston was a vital source
13:10of a particular income.
13:13Because the shallow bay here
13:15provides what they called
13:17white gold.
13:18These have been in use
13:32since Roman times,
13:34which makes these salt pans
13:36the oldest working salt pans
13:39anywhere in Europe.
13:41Hello.
13:43Hello.
13:44Hello.
13:47Yeah.
13:48Is this your salt pan cat?
13:51Are you a Croatian salt pan cat?
13:54Yeah,
13:54I bet there have been cats
13:55here in Roman times as well.
13:57What a nice scoop of a walk.
13:58You cannot overstate
14:01how important salt was
14:03in pre-modern times.
14:06Without fridges,
14:07it was how you preserved everything.
14:10Salt alone
14:11brought in one third
14:13of all income
14:14to the Republic of Ragusa.
14:17Our bodies don't produce salt,
14:20but we can't live without it.
14:22These salt pans
14:24yield 500 tonnes
14:26every year.
14:27So,
14:28although this fruit of the sea
14:29represented a lot of cash,
14:32one pool
14:33was always reserved
14:35for the poor.
14:36So,
14:36they too
14:37could access
14:38this life essential.
14:46You've got to come
14:47and have a look at this.
14:48Isn't it awesome?
14:50So,
14:50this is where
14:51all the salt
14:52is stored
14:53and there were
14:54piles of salt
14:55like this
14:56going right back
14:572,000 years here.
14:59And do you know what?
15:00There's actually
15:01a direct connection
15:02between the Roman
15:03salt industry
15:04and our own lives
15:05because
15:06the Latin word
15:08for salt
15:09is sal
15:10and there's another word
15:12that they used
15:12which was
15:13salarium
15:14and a salarium
15:15was either
15:16money that was given
15:17to Roman soldiers
15:18to buy their salt rations
15:19or
15:20a salarium
15:21was when Roman soldiers
15:22were actually paid
15:24in salt
15:25and it gives us
15:26our word salary.
15:28So,
15:28it's like the ancient world
15:29reaching out
15:30across to us
15:31and it's lovely here.
15:33It's really beautiful.
15:34It's very sort of
15:35timeless
15:37and calming
15:38and
15:39magical
15:40for some reason.
15:41and it's lovely.
16:00By luck,
16:02the day we're here
16:03there's a festival
16:04celebrating local food
16:05and wine.
16:07In vino veritas
16:09In vino veritas
16:13In vino veritas
16:19In vino, vino veritas
16:20In vino veritas
16:20이런 와중에
16:29Something else the Romans did here was start Oyster Farms, because the oysters are...
16:35Oh, thank you very much. Thank you very much.
16:42Oh, well, that's big flattery. Not after I've had too much wine here, I won't be.
16:47Thank you. Hi, hello. Can I get a glass of wine?
16:53Oh, thank you. Voila. Thank you. Cheers.
16:57Are these your oysters?
16:58Yes. Because I'm a lifelong vegetarian, so I'm definitely not going to eat those oysters.
17:06But our producer, Johnny, who's just behind us, loves an oyster. Thank you.
17:14Look at this, Johnny.
17:16So, I've never eaten meat or fish in my life, but these are supposed to be exquisite and special.
17:22Can I try one?
17:23Yes, go for it.
17:25What's for? Twelve?
17:25Yeah? Oh, my gosh.
17:32Huh?
17:32Yeah.
17:34Absolutely delicious.
17:35Yeah.
17:36They are supposed to be absolutely delicious.
17:37They'll be flat.
17:39Right.
17:39But juicy, grimy, everything you want from the most.
17:43Is it? Never having had one.
17:45But they are supposed to be amazing here, because there's a river, it's that mineral-rich river
17:50that runs down to the salty water and combines, and they're supposed to be... Are those the
17:55best oysters you've ever tasted?
17:59Spitting out some champagne, is it?
18:01Roman emperors adored stone oysters, taking them on campaign.
18:04But, for me, there's another treat.
18:07Cake?
18:08Now you're talking.
18:10This one?
18:12Yeah.
18:12Yeah.
18:13Yeah, why not?
18:17Oh, I've heard about this.
18:20Oh, my God.
18:22Okay.
18:22I am not going to be able to move this afternoon.
18:25So, this cake is traditional to stone, and it's a mixture of pasta, almonds, other nuts,
18:32and chocolate.
18:34And it's probably got about 450,000 calories per forkful.
18:40Go for it.
18:44It's like eating pasta covered in chocolate.
18:48So, I just want to wash that down with another little sip of wine, though.
18:54Time to walk off all that indulgence.
19:03The twin towns of Ston and Marley Ston, or Little Ston, carefully controlled access to
19:11the wealth of the peninsula.
19:12A crucial pinch point kept safe by some of the most gravity-defying fortifications in Europe.
19:24The twin towns of Ston and Marley Ston and Marley Ston.
19:27And, of course, it has been a combination of the biggest town of Ston and Marley Ston.
19:32The twin towns of Ston and Marley Ston.
19:36The twin towns of Ston and Marley Ston and Marley Ston, or Little Ston and Enrique Ston.
19:42These walls, which are quite an adventure to climb,
20:08were built to protect the white gold
20:10that was produced in the salt pans down there.
20:13And they were started in the 14th century,
20:15and by the time they were finished,
20:16they were 7,000 metres long.
20:20So they're affectionately known as the Great Walls of Croatia,
20:24which actually isn't a bad name,
20:26because next to the Great Wall of China,
20:28these are one of the biggest defensive wall systems
20:32anywhere in the world.
20:34The walls of Stom held back invaders for over 500 years.
20:43Napoleon's army did breach them in 1806,
20:46but these resilient ramparts still stand strong.
20:52How amazing it's been to witness the natural treasures here in Stom,
20:58and then to experience this extraordinary, monumental,
21:02human-made wonder created to protect it all.
21:06My next stop transports us back to ancient Rome,
21:27and a time when this coastline was pivotal for the Roman Empire.
21:33It's Croatia's second-largest city,
21:37Split.
21:39I'm just in time for another special day.
21:42So, I'll time my visit here on the feast day of St. Dominus,
21:59who's the patron saint of the city.
22:01So this only happens once a year,
22:04and it celebrates the fact that he was martyred
22:08and was a Christian who supported the church.
22:10But I love the fact they've got incense,
22:12which is a very ancient Roman thing.
22:19Pretty apt, because Split was home
22:22to a game-changing Roman emperor, Diocletian.
22:28You can really get a sense of Diocletian's character
22:34from this exquisite gold coin
22:38that I am incredibly lucky to be allowed to hold.
22:42Just look at his expression.
22:44He's really ferocious,
22:45and he's got this close-cropped military-style beard
22:49with a laurel wreath in his hair.
22:51And then if you just look at the back of the coin there,
22:55there's an image of Jupiter,
22:57the king of the gods,
22:59brandishing a spear and holding Victoria,
23:03who was the goddess of victory,
23:05in his hand.
23:06And this was minted in the year 290 CE
23:09in what's now modern-day Turkey.
23:11And this was a time when Diocletian
23:14was also associating himself with Jupiter.
23:18So basically he was telling the world,
23:21like the king of the gods,
23:23I am super powerful,
23:25I'm indomitable,
23:27I'm pretty much omnipotent.
23:31He ruled the empire with an iron fist for 20 years,
23:36strengthening borders
23:36and unleashing a ferocious persecution of Christians.
23:40He also established the Tetrarchy,
23:44splitting the Roman Empire into east and west.
23:48Two emperors, the Augusti,
23:50shared rule,
23:51assisted by two junior leaders,
23:54the Caesars.
23:57In his early 60s,
23:59Diocletian did something extraordinary,
24:02something no emperor had ever done before
24:04or would do again.
24:06He voluntarily retired.
24:09To this mega palace.
24:15This is the Golden Gate
24:17and it gives you access
24:19inside Diocletian's original palace.
24:23His seaside retirement home
24:28was completed in 305 CE.
24:31It's design, rectangular,
24:38with towering walls,
24:39four entrance gates
24:40and 16 defensive towers,
24:43echoes the structure of a Roman military camp.
24:46With the empire under threat,
24:48the fortified palace was a safe haven,
24:51evolving into a city
24:52that still thrives today.
24:54In Diocletian's time,
25:03the palace was a fusion of luxury
25:05and military might,
25:08where he etched his legacy
25:09in stone.
25:11This is basically a grand entrance hall
25:23where Diocletian would welcome visitors
25:26from right across the empire
25:27and be raised on the podium
25:29underneath a canopy.
25:31And it's really interesting
25:32because obviously I'm here in Croatia,
25:34but just look at where the materials come from.
25:36So these granite columns
25:38are from Asia Minor,
25:40what's now Turkey.
25:42And over there,
25:43there's a sphinx in Egypt.
25:46So even though he wasn't emperor anymore,
25:49it's all a reminder
25:50of Diocletian's enduring power
25:53within a vast, interconnected empire.
26:00Diocletian was not shy
26:02about coming forward.
26:04He'd wear purple robes
26:05and a golden crown
26:07and he hated being in Rome
26:09because there they treated him
26:11like a human being,
26:13whereas here they treated him
26:15like a god.
26:16Archaeologists who are working here
26:34have lent me this awesome graphic map
26:38that they're producing
26:39of the city beneath the city.
26:41So this is the bay
26:43where I came in by boat.
26:45This is the whole city here
26:46and they're literally mapping
26:48the city beneath the city.
26:49Look.
26:49So this is Diocletian's Palace.
26:52Amazing.
26:53I spent the night
26:55just here
26:57next to the vestibule.
26:59So where I'm heading
27:00is this little white mark here,
27:02which I think
27:03is just around this corner.
27:04I think this is right.
27:11I think this is right.
27:12I can't quite believe
27:30they've kept me down here.
27:32So what I'm standing in
27:34right now
27:35would have been a furnace,
27:36a huge kind of oven
27:38for heating hot air
27:41to go in here.
27:44Look.
27:44Look at this.
27:45I mean, look at that.
27:46That is just pure Diocletian period.
27:49Here we go.
27:51So these are part
27:52of this hypercore system.
27:54So they're the bases of pillars.
27:55So actually the floor
27:56would have been above me
27:57and it heated air
27:59for the baths,
28:01Diocletian's baths.
28:03So where I'm standing right now
28:04is basically
28:06in his private apartments
28:08in his private chambers.
28:09So I'm experiencing
28:11the sensual pleasure
28:14enjoyed by Roman Emperor
28:171700 years ago.
28:22And today
28:23is my home too.
28:34And if you're lucky enough
28:36to stay here
28:38then you get to spend
28:39the night
28:39surrounded by the walls
28:41of a Roman Emperor's palace.
28:46Spending a night
28:47within the palace walls
28:49gives you a unique connection
28:51to the past
28:52while the bustling streets
28:54outside
28:55keep it alive
28:56with a big dose
28:59of Croatian hospitality
29:00thrown in.
29:02Hi.
29:03Hi.
29:03You need to try this
29:05typical from Persia
29:06from this part of the zone.
29:08Yeah.
29:08And also you need to try
29:09this later.
29:10Okay.
29:11Also typical from Croatia.
29:13Yeah, also.
29:14Okay.
29:15You are very kind
29:16and I feel incredibly welcome
29:19here in Split.
29:20What do you say?
29:20Jibili.
29:21Jibili.
29:21Jibili.
29:22Jibili.
29:23Hmm.
29:26Nice.
29:27Lovely.
29:28Like this one?
29:29Yeah.
29:30I haven't got a hand
29:30but I'll go and put it down.
29:33You have just two hands, sir.
29:34I think just two hands,
29:35just one mouth.
29:36Yeah, enjoy it, guys.
29:37Jal.
29:38So this happens a lot in Croatia.
29:41Randomly people come up.
29:43I think they've seen the programs.
29:44It's because they love history
29:45and they just kind of
29:45fly us with food and drink.
29:47So I actually know about this.
29:48This is a walnut liqueur.
29:51It's very delicious.
29:52We'll have a sneaky soup.
29:53And I might give this to the queen.
30:06So this extraordinary building here
30:09was originally Diocletian's mausoleum
30:11but the incredible irony
30:14is that after his persecution
30:16of all of these Christians
30:18that burial place
30:20has been changed into a church.
30:22To add insult to injury
30:27it now honors St. Dominus
30:30once the local bishop
30:32who was killed
30:33on the orders of Diocletian himself.
30:37Diocletian's plans
30:38for a powerful pagan Roman empire
30:41soon fell apart
30:43and his tetrarchy
30:45descended into brutal civil war.
30:49What a city this is.
30:54There's a great story
30:55because we're told that
30:56towards the end of his life
30:57Diocletian became
30:58really keen on
31:00growing vegetables
31:01and when imperial officers
31:03came to try to persuade him
31:04to become an emperor
31:05once more
31:06he said
31:07just tell all that
31:08to my cabbages.
31:10How could I possibly
31:11exchange
31:12a never satisfied greed
31:15for all this peace?
31:20He may not have been able
31:21to save the old Roman religion
31:23or keep his empire together
31:25but his palace
31:27and the extraordinary city
31:30that now lives within it
31:31are a legacy
31:32to be proud of.
31:34We're sailing right into
31:53Dioclet now
31:54and it's really interesting
31:55because there's a possibility
31:57that the name Croatia
31:58comes from a really ancient route
32:00meaning one huge gas
32:02and certainly three times
32:05this coastline
32:06has protected
32:06the really rich interior
32:08of the country
32:08so you get these amazing
32:10fortified cities
32:11all along the coastline
32:13and arguably Dubrovnik
32:15is the best.
32:16Yes of course.
32:17I'll argue that.
32:18I'll thank you.
32:19My final stop
32:28Dubrovnik
32:28has been called
32:30the Pearl of the Adriatic
32:32where natural wonders
32:34were proudly protected
32:35and the gifts
32:37of the earth
32:38traded.
32:41I can hear all the swallows
32:42coming in
32:44at the end of the day.
32:46Isn't that beautiful?
32:47If there are any
32:49Game of Thrones
32:50fans out there
32:51this is
32:53Blackwater Bay.
32:56This city's story
32:58begins with the sea
32:59a haven for refugees
33:01from the turmoil
33:02following the fall
33:04of the Roman Empire.
33:05The city thrived
33:07growing into a great court
33:10Ragusa
33:11the origin of the name
33:13of the medieval
33:14Republic of Ragusa
33:15that would flourish
33:16on the Dalmatian coast.
33:18By the 14th century
33:20Ragusa
33:21or Dubrovnik
33:23as we know it
33:24rivaled its one time
33:25master
33:26Venice
33:27just across
33:27the Adriatic
33:28and the city
33:30is still revealing
33:32new secrets.
33:40This is a place
33:42that's full
33:43of hidden gems.
33:50Some of Dubrovnik's
33:52most precious treasures
33:53are hidden
33:54in the Cathedral
33:55of the Assumption
33:56of Mary
33:57raised in 1667
34:00after an earthquake
34:01that devastated
34:02the city.
34:04I'm lucky
34:06to get in
34:06before the crowds
34:07and I'm promised
34:10a bit of a surprise.
34:19Closely guarded within
34:20are extraordinary
34:22medieval relics
34:24many a thousand years old
34:27including
34:33the arms
34:34and head
34:35of St. Blaise
34:36the patron saint
34:38of Dubrovnik
34:39encased
34:40in some of the
34:41silver and gold
34:42that this
34:43treasure city
34:44traded
34:45helping
34:46to make it
34:47so rich.
34:48seismic activity
35:08here
35:08uncovered
35:10another marvel
35:12This cathedral
35:17is just
35:17full
35:18of wonders
35:19isn't it
35:19but
35:20there was
35:21an earthquake
35:21here
35:22in 1979
35:23that revealed
35:24something
35:24truly
35:25astonishing
35:26hello
35:27this is
35:27Ivan
35:28and Ivan
35:28hi
35:29and Bethany
35:29hi
35:30thank you
35:30so much
35:31for coming
35:31so
35:32Ivan's promised
35:33to reveal it
35:35to me
35:35and I've got
35:36a funky feeling
35:36it's down
35:37down here
35:37and let's
35:38go down
35:39and see
35:39archaeologist
35:42Ivan Veeden
35:43is devoted
35:44to uncovering
35:45Dubrovnik's
35:46treasures
35:46Ivan
35:48it's incredible
35:48is it okay
35:49for me to come in
35:50yeah please do
35:50Ivan
35:53this is
35:54totally incredible
35:55so we're kind of
35:56what two metres
35:57three metres
35:57yeah
35:58two and a half metres
35:59yeah at least
35:59down here
36:03archaeologists
36:04discovered
36:05the cathedral
36:06had been
36:07rebuilt
36:07three times
36:09across the
36:09centuries
36:10with earliest
36:11remains
36:12dating back
36:13to the late
36:14Roman period
36:15so we are
36:16entering the
36:17main site
36:18the main nave
36:19of the so-called
36:20Byzantine cathedral
36:21so they knew
36:23that there was
36:24something here
36:25from the 12th century
36:25so it's a kind of
36:26crusading time
36:27but what we're
36:28standing on now
36:29goes centuries
36:30back
36:30yeah
36:30centuries back
36:31yeah
36:31it's really cool
36:33is it okay
36:33to tread here
36:34yeah
36:34just be careful
36:35about the curbs
36:36I will be careful
36:37about
36:37thank you
36:38much
36:38yeah
36:39but look
36:46Ivan
36:46look at that
36:47yeah
36:47this is the
36:48ebbs
36:48yeah
36:49and the bishop's
36:50chair
36:50the bishop's
36:51cathedra
36:51yes
36:52and the fresco
36:53paintings
36:53because this
36:54all this
36:54cathedral
36:55was completely
36:56covered in
36:56frescoes
36:57but they're so
37:04fresh
37:05yeah
37:05they are
37:06really
37:06but this is
37:12at least a thousand
37:13years old
37:13at least a thousand
37:14years exactly
37:14it's really
37:16fascinating this
37:16because this
37:17pushes back
37:18the dating of
37:19Dubrovnik
37:19it completely
37:20changes
37:20the story
37:21it was said
37:21that these
37:22refugees came
37:22here and
37:23founded it
37:23but this
37:24would have
37:24been earlier
37:25than that
37:25yeah
37:25this goes
37:25centuries back
37:27and it's still
37:28an open question
37:29of debate
37:29among scholars
37:30about this
37:31first centuries
37:32of Dubrovnik
37:32yeah
37:32but don't you
37:33love that
37:34about history
37:35you get these
37:35little secrets
37:36that are revealed
37:37and then
37:38the whole story
37:40of the place
37:40changes
37:41yeah
37:41it's like a
37:41circle of
37:42questions and
37:42answers all over
37:43again yeah
37:44because every
37:44answer gets you
37:45another question
37:47yeah
37:47amazing
37:48thank you so much
37:49for letting me down
37:50here
37:50you're welcome
37:51yeah
37:51awesome
37:52Dubrovnik
38:02has been forged
38:03by its
38:04dynamic
38:04geography
38:05and has
38:06benefited from
38:07it too
38:08all in
38:09abundant
38:10evidence
38:11on the
38:11tiny island
38:13of Lokrum
38:13a short
38:15ferry ride
38:16from the
38:16city
38:17it's just
38:43so peaceful
38:45here
38:46and the
38:47plants are
38:48nuts
38:48aren't they
38:49and there's
38:50a reason
38:50for that
38:51the Benedictine
38:52monks
38:53who were
38:53once here
38:54nourished
38:55foliage
38:56as a kind
38:57of act
38:57of worship
38:58to God
38:59and then
39:00centuries
39:00later
39:01this island
39:02sort of
39:03became a
39:03botanical
39:04scientific
39:05experiment
39:05when plants
39:06from Europe
39:07Asia
39:08and Africa
39:08were all
39:09grown together
39:10and now
39:11they're
39:12beautifully
39:13entwined
39:13in this
39:14kind of
39:14glorious
39:15hymn
39:16to life
39:17over the
39:27centuries
39:27many
39:28household
39:29names
39:29from history
39:30have found
39:30their way
39:31here
39:31one of the
39:36people to
39:37experience
39:37all of this
39:38was a
39:39medieval
39:40king of
39:40England
39:41no less
39:42Richard
39:42the Lionheart
39:43who came
39:44here in
39:441192
39:45on his
39:46way home
39:46from the
39:47crusades
39:47and the
39:48story goes
39:49there was
39:50a terrible
39:50storm
39:51and his
39:51boats
39:52were shipwrecked
39:53along these
39:54shores
39:54that the
39:55islands gave
39:56him sanctuary
39:56and so
39:57in thanks
39:58he decided
39:59to found
40:00a church
40:01in this
40:02lovely place
40:03it's
40:10it's just
40:10incredible
40:11thinking about
40:12everybody
40:13who's come
40:13here
40:14because it
40:14was such
40:15a thoroughfare
40:16and I'm
40:17loving it
40:18just sitting
40:18and looking
40:19at this
40:19now
40:19other people
40:20tourists
40:21and travellers
40:21and you
40:22know
40:22adventurers
40:23and crusaders
40:25even
40:25would have
40:26had the
40:26same
40:26experience
40:27so
40:27yeah
40:28it's
40:28lovely
40:29being here
40:29it's a
40:29beautiful
40:30place
40:30but it's
40:30got
40:30beautiful
40:31memories
40:32this place
40:33too
40:34Dubrovnik's
40:44freedom
40:45was
40:45ferociously
40:46protected
40:46for over
40:48500 years
40:49the city's
40:50intimidating
40:51walls
40:51almost
40:522km
40:53long
40:54and up
40:54to 6m
40:55thick
40:55in places
40:56kept
40:57its people
40:58safe
40:58and this
41:12inscription
41:12which by
41:13the way
41:14is on
41:14what was
41:14the red
41:15keep
41:15in the
41:16game of
41:16thrones
41:16pretty much
41:17says it
41:17all
41:17so
41:18it
41:18translates
41:19as
41:20freedom
41:20cannot
41:21be
41:22bought
41:22for
41:23all
41:23the
41:23gold
41:24in
41:25the
41:25world
41:25that
41:27freedom
41:28was
41:28sorely
41:29tested
41:29from
41:301991
41:31when
41:32Dubrovnik
41:32was besieged
41:34by the
41:34Yugoslav
41:35people's
41:35army
41:36during
41:37the
41:37Croatian
41:37war
41:38of
41:38independence
41:39Mihaila Skuric
41:41who lived
41:42through that
41:42siege
41:43is a
41:44champion
41:44of the
41:45city's
41:45heritage
41:46you could
41:47not have
41:47a better
41:48view
41:48than this
41:49it's
41:49amazing
41:50isn't it
41:51so
41:51brilliant
41:52to meet
41:53up here
41:53because
41:53you get
41:54such a
41:54sense
41:54of how
41:55the city
41:55is
41:55entwined
41:56with
41:57nature
41:57yes
41:58it is
41:58it's
41:58walled
41:59by
41:59its
42:00marvellous
42:00city
42:01walls
42:01but
42:01you see
42:02the
42:02gardens
42:03inside
42:03you see
42:04there's
42:04even
42:05one
42:05vineyard
42:05and
42:06the
42:07sea
42:07you know
42:08it's
42:08all
42:08connected
42:09to the
42:09sea
42:09you can't
42:10actually
42:11picture
42:12it
42:12without
42:12it
42:13and
42:13you know
42:13you're
42:14the
42:14same
42:14as
42:14me
42:14because
42:16as
42:16historians
42:16you can
42:17just
42:17imagine
42:17all the
42:18ships
42:18that
42:18would
42:18have
42:19come
42:19here
42:19trading
42:19salt
42:20and
42:20silver
42:21and
42:22silk
42:22yes
42:23they
42:23brought
42:23so many
42:24goods
42:24to the
42:25city
42:25and
42:25so many
42:25news
42:26but what
42:26Dubrovnik
42:27kept
42:27was always
42:28its freedom
42:29and
42:29its legacy
42:31liberty
42:31is on the
42:32flag of
42:33Dubrovnik
42:33yes
42:34it's the
42:34most important
42:35value
42:35that he
42:36inherited
42:36from
42:36ancestors
42:37for my
42:39generations
42:39it's very
42:40very important
42:40because
42:41you know
42:41that
42:42it took
42:42so many
42:43skills
42:43and efforts
42:44to protect
42:45it
42:45and throughout
42:46the history
42:46people of
42:48Dubrovnik
42:48really made
42:49magnificent
42:50task
42:51of preserving
42:52it for
42:53future
42:54generations
42:55because
42:55you were
42:56a child
42:57here
42:57weren't you
42:57during the
42:58war of
42:58independence
42:59yes
42:59I was
43:00just 11
43:00years old
43:01and we
43:02all fled
43:02you know
43:02to Dubrovnik
43:03thinking that
43:05it would
43:05never be
43:06attacked
43:06but it
43:07was attacked
43:08it was
43:08shelled
43:09and it
43:10was under
43:10siege for
43:11several months
43:12and many
43:13of our
43:13greatest
43:14monuments
43:14were damaged
43:16back then
43:16you know
43:17any building
43:17it's not
43:18just a
43:19building
43:19it carries
43:19memory
43:20and history
43:20and identity
43:21it's important
43:23to save
43:23them
43:24to restore
43:24them
43:25but
43:25for its
43:26cultural
43:27value
43:28but what
43:28means to
43:29us
43:30being
43:30its
43:31inheritance
43:32it's the
43:33identity
43:33they give
43:34to us
43:35so our
43:36city has
43:36provided
43:37so much
43:37to us
43:38and it
43:38still
43:39is doing
43:39the same
43:40job
43:40and it
43:41is the
43:42foundation
43:42of our
43:43being here
43:44so it's a
43:44city to be
43:45cherished
43:46you know
43:46our city
43:47Dubrovnik
43:48has been
43:49actually like
43:49a member
43:50of our
43:50family
43:51honestly
43:57just look
43:58at that
43:59place
44:00Dubrovnik
44:01is a
44:01real
44:02reminder
44:02that when
44:03cities
44:03work with
44:05nature
44:05they
44:06succeed
44:07and
44:08thanks to
44:09the
44:09persistent
44:10resilience
44:11of its
44:12citizens
44:12even
44:13despite
44:14being
44:14pounded
44:15by
44:15earthquakes
44:16this
44:17really is
44:18a pearl
44:18that hasn't
44:20just survived
44:20it's thrived
44:22the Adriatic
44:40has forged
44:42the spirits
44:43and the
44:44stories of
44:45Croatia
44:45and it
44:46feels as
44:47though
44:47these
44:47waves
44:48and this
44:48beautiful
44:49sea
44:49have
44:50beaten
44:50out
44:51this
44:51kind
44:51of
44:52vibrant
44:52narrative
44:53full of
44:54optimism
44:54and opportunity
44:55and inspiration
44:57and prosperity
44:58and sheer
44:59enjoyment
45:00that has
45:01nourished
45:02this place
45:03from the
45:03time of
45:03ancient
45:04seafarers
45:05right up
45:06until today
45:07here in
45:10Croatia
45:11natural
45:12resources
45:12were celebrated
45:13and respected
45:14fostering
45:16an expansive
45:17interconnectedness
45:18with the
45:19wider world
45:20a testament
45:21to harmony
45:22between us
45:23the land
45:24and the sea
45:26and the sea
45:37and the sea
45:39and the sea
45:40and the sea
45:41and the sea
45:42and the sea
45:43and the sea
45:44and the sea
45:44and the sea
45:45and the sea
45:45and the sea
45:46and the sea
45:46and the sea
45:46and the sea
45:47and the sea
45:47and the sea
45:48and the sea
45:48and the sea
45:49and the sea
45:49and the sea
45:50and the sea
45:50and the sea
45:51and the sea
45:51and the sea
45:51and the sea
45:52and the sea
45:53and the sea
45:53and the sea
45:54and the sea
45:55and the sea
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