00:00Eight arms, nine brains, and a world of hidden abilities.
00:05They are the masterminds of the ocean, creatures of astonishing intelligence and otherworldly appearance.
00:12Known for their blue blood, three hearts, and nine brains,
00:16octopuses possess a repertoire of hidden talents that continue to surprise scientists.
00:22Today, we explore two of their most fascinating abilities,
00:26their mastery of camouflage, and their unexpected talent for building cities.
00:31When it comes to going unnoticed, the octopus is the most talented disguise artist on the planet.
00:37Its secret lies in thousands of specialized cells under its skin called chromatophores
00:43that allow it to change color in an instant.
00:46But they don't stop there.
00:48They also possess papyli, tiny areas of skin that they can expand or contract
00:54to modify their texture and blend in with their surroundings.
00:58This ability has inspired scientists to create synthetic skins that mimic the function of the papyli,
01:05generating materials that transform into three-dimensional shapes.
01:09But the pinnacle of this art is found in the mimic octopus.
01:13Unlike others that camouflage as rocks or algae,
01:16this amazing master of disguise imitates other animals that predators avoid
01:21by contorting its body, arranging its arms,
01:24and modifying its behavior,
01:27it can transform into venomous animals such as the lionfish,
01:31the zebra flatfish, or sea snakes.
01:34It is the only known animal capable of imitating so many species,
01:38which has earned it the title of a true shapeshifter,
01:42while camouflaging as a rock requires immobility.
01:45Disguising itself as an animal allows it to move out of the danger zone.
01:50Scientists suspect that this octopus selects the creature to imitate based on the threat,
01:55choosing the one that poses the greatest danger to its potential predator.
01:59An ingenious survival strategy.
02:02In addition, two species of tropical octopuses have been observed using bipedal locomotion.
02:08Walking on two arms to move away from danger while maintaining their camouflage.
02:12The algae octopus walks backward on two arms,
02:16keeping its other six extended to look like moving algae.
02:20Similarly, the coconut octopus walks with six arms tucked under its body,
02:25possibly imitating a coconut rolling along the seabed.
02:30Both methods allow them to move faster than their typical many-armed crawl,
02:35showing an innovative blend of movement and camouflage.
02:38For a long time, octopuses were considered solitary creatures,
02:42with very few exceptions.
02:45This made a discovery in 2012 in Jervis Bay, Australia even more surprising.
02:50Scientists found that the gloomy octopus, supposedly solitary,
02:54was building underwater cities.
02:56These unique cities are not made of bricks,
03:00but of dense congregations of dens formed by rock outcrops and piles of discarded shells.
03:05These communities were baptized as octopolis, and later, octlantis.
03:10Although the size of the population,
03:12with around 15 occupants, does not compare to human metropolises,
03:16it was much higher than scientists expected.
03:20Life in these octopus cities, just like in human ones,
03:23has its upsides and downsides.
03:26Researchers observed aggression, chases, and even den evictions.
03:30Although scientists are still exploring the benefits of these settlements,
03:34it is theorized that it could be a matter of necessity.
03:38The areas where these cities were found were flat and lacked natural den spaces,
03:43suggesting that the octopuses had to adapt and build together to find shelter.
03:47From mastering the art of invisibility to becoming architects of underwater settlements,
03:53octopuses continue to reveal incredible complexity.
03:57Challenging our understanding of intelligence and social behavior in the animal kingdom.
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