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The Truth Behind the 99% That Nobody Told You
Money Explainers
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hace 4 meses
#humangenetics
#dnavschimps
#biologicalevolution
#HumanGenetics
#DNAvsChimps
#BiologicalEvolution
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00:00
The truth behind the 99% for decades.
00:04
We've been told that humans and chimpanzees share 99% of our DNA.
00:09
This figure, while striking, is misleading.
00:12
This popular cultural assertion ignores a far more complex and fascinating scientific truth.
00:19
To understand it, we need to break down the number.
00:21
DNA is a code of 3 billion letters, A, C, G, and T.
00:27
Early research compared the most similar parts of our genetic code
00:30
and found that, on average, only 1 out of every 100 letters was different,
00:35
giving us that 99% similarity.
00:38
However, this method left out a crucial part of the story.
00:42
Experts like David Housler from the University of California, Santa Cruz,
00:46
and Tomas Marksbont from the Institute of Evolutionary Biology
00:49
point out that this figure ignores entire sections of our genomes,
00:53
about 15% to 20%, that have no direct counterpart in chimpanzees.
00:59
These are areas where DNA was inserted or deleted over the course of evolution.
01:04
By including these regions, the actual genetic difference expands significantly.
01:09
In fact, more recent studies suggest the difference between humans and chimpanzees
01:14
is closer to 10% or even more.
01:17
A 2025 study, for example, found a 15% difference,
01:21
and the gap doesn't just exist between species.
01:25
The genetic variability among chimpanzees themselves can be as high as 9%,
01:29
a fact that highlights how complex these comparisons are.
01:33
So, if we share most of our genes,
01:35
where do the differences that make us so distinct lie?
01:39
Surprisingly, they are not in the genes that make proteins,
01:42
but in what's called non-coding DNA, which makes up 98% of our genome.
01:46
Think of it as an identical toolkit for both chimpanzees and humans.
01:51
The tools are the same, but the instructions for using them are different.
01:55
Within this vast non-coding DNA are regulatory regions that act as switches.
02:00
These switches control how, when, and where genes are activated.
02:05
A small change in one of these switches can have a ripple effect,
02:08
resulting in major differences in gene expression and ultimately in physical traits.
02:12
This is why a subtle variation in DNA sequence can lead us to be a bipedal species,
02:18
with less body hair and a larger brain,
02:21
while chimpanzees, with the same toolkit, develop their own characteristics.
02:26
In conclusion, while the evolutionary relationship between humans and chimpanzees is undeniable,
02:33
the belief in 99% genetic similarity oversimplifies reality.
02:37
The crucial differences are not a matter of the quantity of genes, but of how they are used.
02:43
As expert Katie Pollard noted, we share the same building blocks,
02:46
but we use them in very different ways to build a human or a chimpanzee.
02:51
Money Explore.
02:52
Money Explore.
02:52
Money Explore.
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