آیا اتحادیهی اروپا قادر خواهد بود قانون جدید آزادی رسانهها را اجرا کند؟
آزادی مطبوعات از ارکان بنیادین دموکراسی است؛ اما در برخی کشورهای عضو اتحادیهی اروپا رو به افول گذاشته است. از ماه اوت، دولتها موظف به اجرای کامل قانون آزادی رسانهها هستند، اما برخی در برابر نخستین مقررات اتحادیهی اروپا در حوزهی مطبوعات مقاومت میکنند.
لب بیشتر : http://parsi.euronews.com/2025/09/02/will-the-european-union-be-able-to-enforce-the-new-media-freedom-law
مشترک شوید: یورونیوز به یازده زبان دیگر در دسترس شماست
00:00Press freedom is a pillar of democracy but has been declined in several EU countries.
00:20To address this, the bloc has introduced the Media Freedom Act, which applies to the countries since August.
00:27Some governments are resisting the first-ever EU regulation related to the press.
00:33You Decoded looks into it.
00:36The new rules aim to protect the editorial independence of journalists as well as their sources, including against the use of spyware.
00:44They are also provisions to ensure the independence of public service media from state interference and to enhance transparency of media ownership.
00:52The regulation includes guidelines to protect against the unjustified removal of online content produced by media outlets.
01:00This applies to major platforms such as Google, YouTube and social media apps.
01:05The European Parliament broadly supported the law approved last year and some governments have begun adopting their national laws.
01:13But recently, members of that parliament warned that some countries are resisting its implementation.
01:20Let's hear what Europeans think about greater press protection.
01:24The important thing is that, in store and social media
01:41is the responsibility to protect the Soviet Union.
01:43It is important that, if we have no racist, we can't protect them.
01:46And I believe that the new government is sinning.
01:48This role is responsible for social media,
01:55who do not always have a level of certainty in this role.
02:00I absolutely believe that they are under political pressure
02:02and that the workers in these times are in some way not safe.
02:06Euronews reporter Shando Jiros will help us better understand this legislation.
02:12Signs of declining media freedom was the argument used in 20 years
02:18in 2021 by the European Commission for the need of an European law on this matter.
02:24Can you give us some examples, particularly affecting investigative journalism?
02:29At the end of the last decade, two investigative journalists have been killed,
02:34Jan Kuciak in Slovakia and Daphne Korana Galicia in Malta,
02:39and this was a wake-up call for the European Union that the media freedom was in danger.
02:45But this was only the tip of the iceberg because the Commission saw that media freedom is declining
02:52in almost all of the member states because of political pressure,
02:56because of business interests and because of spyware being used against journalists.
03:03Let's talk about those cases of spyware against journalists.
03:07What happened and how can this law address those issues?
03:12Well, the most serious breaches have been recorded in Poland and in Hungary,
03:17where opposition figures, investigative journalists have been targeted by spyware,
03:24they hacked their phones, and this was clearly for political reasons.
03:29There have been cases also in Greece and in Spain,
03:33but those cases have not been a systemic risk against the opposition and against journalists.
03:40Now the new law says that spyware can be only used against journalists
03:45when there is a threat for the national security, otherwise this is forbidden.
03:50In a recent debate in the European Parliament about this law,
03:53three hard-right political groups said, and I quote,
03:57this is a censorship tool used by Brussels to silence divergent voices.
04:02Which countries are more likely to resist the implementation of the law?
04:07Well, we surely see a problem in Hungary, where we have a very hard-right government
04:12who is heavily influencing media and distorting the media market.
04:18What might change also depends on how each and every member state applies this law
04:24and how the European Commission will put pressure on the member states to really take this law seriously.
04:33The 2025 Rule of Law report from the European Commission warns of
04:37deteriorating conditions for journalists in several countries,
04:41smear campaigns by politicians and growing risks from highly concentrated media ownership.
04:47Going into details, the Commission highlights concerns about journalists' safety in Bulgaria and Malta.
04:53The report points out that political pressure, including the distribution of state advertising,
04:58is a serious concern in Hungary and Romania.
05:01Media ownership lacks transparency chiefly in Bulgaria, Checha, Netherlands, Cyprus and Spain.
05:08The report cites issues with independent regulation in Hungary, Greece and Poland.
05:16Our guest is Julie Marzerzak, head of Brussels Office of Reporters Without Borders.
05:22Should the European Commission open infringement proceedings that could even lead to sanctions
05:30against member states that resist implementing this new law?
05:35Member states have had more than a year to update their national laws,
05:41but most of them haven't yet done it.
05:44So, yes, I think it is time for the Commission to show its determination
05:52and, if necessary, to initiate proceeding against the most recalcitrant government.
05:59It's a test of credibility.
06:02Social media and the use of generative artificial intelligence, including in posts by political
06:10and business actors themselves, are increasingly defined the way people get news.
06:17So, isn't this law weak in addressing the problem of misinformation through those channels?
06:25There is one article in the MFA which supplements the Digital Services Act,
06:32but this doesn't solve the main problem, which is how social networks and their algorithm work
06:41by promoting, polarizing, divisive, shocking content, amplifying disinformation and marginalizing reliable media content.
06:52Concentration of media ownership in a few big corporations is increasing.
06:59What are the main risks of that and does this law address those risks?
07:04The EMFA introduces a new way to look at mergers.
07:10The assessment of mergers will have to take into account a number of criteria, such as the expected effect on pluralism
07:19and the parties' interest in other media sectors, the economic viability and the parties' commitments to editorial independence.
07:31The European Federation of Journalists stated that influencers and bloggers that follow the ethical rules of journalism should be considered media service providers.
07:42Others argued that this could lead to abuse of a law designed for controlled and recognized media outlets.
07:49The future seems somehow misty for the media sector and the law intended to protect it.
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